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US20090289694A1 - Current-Sensing Apparatus and Method for Current Sensing - Google Patents

Current-Sensing Apparatus and Method for Current Sensing Download PDF

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Publication number
US20090289694A1
US20090289694A1 US12/309,488 US30948807A US2009289694A1 US 20090289694 A1 US20090289694 A1 US 20090289694A1 US 30948807 A US30948807 A US 30948807A US 2009289694 A1 US2009289694 A1 US 2009289694A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
current
gmr
compensation
sensor
gmr sensor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US12/309,488
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English (en)
Inventor
Gotthard Rieger
Richard Schmidt
Roland Weiss
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
FAS SECURED CREDITORS HOLDCO LLC
Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Filing date
Publication date
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Assigned to SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT reassignment SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SCHMIDT, RICHARD, RIEGER, GOTTHARD, WEISS, ROLAND
Publication of US20090289694A1 publication Critical patent/US20090289694A1/en
Assigned to D.E. DURAND FAMILY LIMITED PARTNERSHIP reassignment D.E. DURAND FAMILY LIMITED PARTNERSHIP SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FASGEN, INC.
Assigned to D. E. DURAND FAMILY LIMITED PARTNERSHIP reassignment D. E. DURAND FAMILY LIMITED PARTNERSHIP FORECLOSURE - CONVEYANCE OF ENTIRE INTEREST OF ASSIGNOR. Assignors: D. E. DURAND FAMILY LIMITED PARTNERSHIP, SECURED PARTY IN POSSESSION
Assigned to FAS SECURED CREDITORS HOLDCO, LLC reassignment FAS SECURED CREDITORS HOLDCO, LLC NUNC PRO TUNC ASSIGNMENT (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: D. E. DURAND FAMILY LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
    • G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
    • G01R15/20—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices, i.e. measuring a magnetic field via the interaction between a current and a magnetic field, e.g. magneto resistive or Hall effect devices
    • G01R15/205—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices, i.e. measuring a magnetic field via the interaction between a current and a magnetic field, e.g. magneto resistive or Hall effect devices using magneto-resistance devices, e.g. field plates

Definitions

  • At least one embodiment of the invention generally relates to a current-sensing apparatus with a magnetic field sensor functioning as a current sensor, in particular in a configuration as a GMR sensor. At least one embodiment of the invention furthermore relates to a corresponding method for current sensing.
  • EP-A-0 703 460 discloses a current sensor in which the current through part of a conductor is measured by means of a magnetic field sensor and a compensation current conductor.
  • U.S. 2006/091993 A1 additionally describes a current sensor with a gradient sensor comprising a plurality of magnetic field sensor elements.
  • At least one embodiment of the invention accordingly resides in specifying a current-measuring apparatus and/or a corresponding method in which at least one of the abovementioned disadvantages are avoided or at least reduced with regard to their effect.
  • a signal supplied by the GMR sensor is evaluated in order to conduct a compensation current into the compensation circuit by means of an amplifier, wherein, as soon as the signal from the GMR sensor at least substantially disappears, the compensation current is evaluated as a measure of the electrical variable to be sensed, that is to say for example the electric current in the respective measurement circuit.
  • At least one embodiment of the invention is based on the insight that the abovementioned problem of dynamic range can be avoided by utilizing a compensation current.
  • a compensation current For this purpose, an inductance is arranged in such a way that it can generate a magnetic field which is superposed with the magnetic field of the current to be measured at the location of the current sensor. The resulting field is compensated for by impressing a compensation current into the inductance. The current sensor is thereby always operated in the region of an output signal zero point. The impressed compensation current then corresponds to the current to be measured or there is a known proportionality between the impressed compensation current and the current to be measured.
  • the GMR sensor functioning as a current sensor is embodied as a gradient sensor and outputs a signal proportional to a field difference. Influences of possible disturbance fields are thereby eliminated or reduced.
  • a field difference is established when the GMR sensor is assigned to a conductor contour in the circuit which comprises at least two sections—first and second sections—and wherein a direction of a current flowing through the first section is opposite to the direction of the current in the second section.
  • This conductor contour can also be conceived of in a simplified fashion as a substantially U-shaped contour in which the two sections mentioned above form the lateral limbs of such a U-shaped conductor course.
  • the conductor contour is correspondingly also referred to just as “U-turn” for short hereinafter.
  • the conductor section which the GMR sensor comprises is also configured in the manner of a U-turn, that is to say that the conductor section comprises at least two segments—first and second segments—wherein a direction of a compensation current flowing through the conductor section in the first segment is opposite to the direction of the current in the second segment.
  • the compensation principle can be implemented particularly advantageously by the integration of the above-described U-turn, that is to say of a current loop, directly into a component having the GMR sensor. Owing to the spatial proximity of the integrated current loop to the GMR sensor which is then possible, only a very small compensation current is necessary to compensate even for large measurement currents. Above all, there is no need for an inductance in the form of a coil having a plurality of turns. One conductor loop, namely the U-turn, suffices. As a result of this, the overall arrangement can be realized very well in a planar monolithically integrable structure.
  • the gradient recorded by the gradient sensor correspondingly decreases at 1/x 4 .
  • the combination of GMR sensor and conductor section in one component it is thus possible to realize a comparatively small distance between GMR sensor and conductor section. Moreover, with combination in one component, this results in a defined distance between the sensor and the conductor section.
  • This distance in addition to the distance to the circuit in which the electrical variable that is respectively of interest is intended to be measured, has to be known and taken as a basis in the evaluation of the measured values that respectively result.
  • the distance between GMR sensor and measurement circuit can be greater than the component-internal distance by a power of 4.
  • the measurement current and the compensation current then bring about an identical magnetic field at the location of the GMR sensor.
  • the compensation current can become smaller in accordance with the relations of the distances with respect to one another, such that only a comparatively small compensation current is required for compensating for the magnetic field of the measurement circuit.
  • the MR sensor comprises a number of MR elements, that is to say, depending on the embodiment of the MR sensor as GMR/AMR or TMR sensor, GMR/AMR or respectively TMR elements—referred to in summarizing combination as GMR element hereinafter—, wherein each GMR element can be contact-connected individually.
  • This type of offset compensation requires a freely accessible array interconnection of the GMR elements, that is to say the individual contact-connectability thereof, which is complicated in the case of conventional realization with a plurality of circuits and, owing to the line routing, is also very sensitive to coupled-in disturbances.
  • the GMR sensors can be applied directly on a silicon area of a circuit in the sense of vertical integration.
  • the electrical connections can be realized as extremely short interconnects (sandwich arrangement).
  • FIG. 1 shows a current-sensing apparatus
  • FIG. 2 shows a gradient sensor as an example of a specific GMR sensor
  • FIG. 3 shows a component with a gradient sensor.
  • FIG. 1 shows a component 12 with a GMR sensor functioning as a current sensor.
  • a GMR sensor functioning as a current sensor.
  • This is shown in schematically simplified form as an apparatus for sensing at least one electrical variable, in particular an electric current in a circuit 10 (measurement circuit).
  • the GMR sensor, or the component 12 comprises a conductor section 14 of a compensation circuit 16 .
  • an amplifier 18 For feeding the compensation current into the compensation circuit 16 , an amplifier 18 is provided, which receives at least one input 20 a signal from the component 12 or the GMR sensor which the component comprises.
  • the signal present at the input 20 of the amplifier 18 corresponds to the resulting magnetic field strength of the magnetic field generated by the current flowing through the measurement circuit 10 and the field strength that arises on account of the compensation current through the compensation circuit 16 . If the magnetic field associated with the compensation current quenches, that is to say compensates for, the magnetic field from the measurement circuit 10 , the signal at the input 20 disappears.
  • the compensation current that is to say the intensity of the compensation current, is then a measure of the current intensity in the measurement circuit 10 .
  • the conductor section 14 of the compensation circuit 16 comprises at least two segments 22 , 24 —first and second segments 22 , 24 —, wherein a direction of a compensation current flowing through the conductor section 14 in the first segment 22 is opposite to the direction of the current in the second segment 24 .
  • the conductor section 14 is manifested overall as a “U-shaped” conductor section 14 and is correspondingly also referred to as a “U-turn” hereinafter.
  • the component 12 and/or the GMR sensor that the component 12 comprises is assigned to a conductor contour 26 in the measurement circuit 10 that corresponds to the conductor section 14 .
  • the conductor contour 26 comprises, analogously to the conductor section 14 in the compensation circuit 16 , at least two sections 28 , 30 —first and second sections 28 , 30 —, wherein a direction of a current flowing through the first section 28 , that is to say of the measurement current, is opposite to the direction of the measurement current in the second section 30 .
  • the conductor section 14 of the compensation circuit 16 and the conductor contour 26 of the measurement circuit 10 form an inductance, wherein a gradient field is established in the conductor-free region between the two segments 22 , 24 , and between the two sections 28 , 30 , the gradient field being sensed by the component 12 and/or the GMR sensor that the component comprises, in its preferred embodiment as a gradient sensor.
  • FIG. 2 shows, in schematically simplified form, an illustration of a gradient sensor 32 as a GMR sensor such as is part of the component 12 ( FIG. 1 ), for example.
  • the gradient sensor 32 has four GMR elements 34 , 36 , 38 , 40 , wherein the GMR elements 34 - 40 are assigned respectively in pairs to the conductor section 14 of the compensation circuit 16 ( FIG. 1 ).
  • the gradient field designated by “Hx” in the figure, forms between the segments 22 , 24 of the U-shaped conductor section 14 of the compensation circuit 16 , the gradient field being detected by the gradient sensor 32 .
  • FIG. 3 shows, once again in simplified illustration, a section through the component 12 (cf. FIG. 1 ), wherein a layer of the component 12 that can be discerned only as the topmost layer 42 in the cross section illustrated is represented by the U-shaped conductor section 14 (also cf. FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 ).
  • a passivation can be discerned as a further layer 44 between the topmost layer 42 and GMR elements 34 , 36 arranged within the component 12 .
  • Beneath the further layer 44 is an ASIC, which is only represented as a third layer 46 and is provided for processing the data supplied by the GMR elements 34 - 40 .
  • the component 12 can be assigned overall (not illustrated) to the respective conductor contour 26 ( FIG. 1 ) of a measurement circuit 10 ( FIG. 1 ).
  • a comparatively smaller compensation current in the compensation circuit 16 also suffices to compensate for the magnetic field of the measurement circuit 10 . If the signal of the gradient sensor 32 ( FIG. 2 ) disappears, therefore, the compensation current then present corresponds to the current flowing in the measurement circuit 10 not directly but rather only taking as a basis the proportionality correlated with the abovementioned distances.
  • a current-sensing apparatus and a method for operating it are specified, based on the fact that the current sensor provided is a GMR sensor in an embodiment as a gradient sensor 32 , and that the gradient sensor 32 or a component 12 comprising the gradient sensor 32 comprises, for its part, a conductor section 14 of a compensation circuit 16 , such that the current in the measurement circuit can be compensated for by a current in the compensation circuit 16 and the compensation current can be evaluated as a measure of the electrical variable to be sensed with regard to the measurement circuit 10 .

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measuring Instrument Details And Bridges, And Automatic Balancing Devices (AREA)
US12/309,488 2006-07-26 2007-07-24 Current-Sensing Apparatus and Method for Current Sensing Abandoned US20090289694A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006034579A DE102006034579A1 (de) 2006-07-26 2006-07-26 Stromerfassungsvorrichtung und Verfahren zur Stromerfassung
DE102006034579.7 2006-07-26
PCT/EP2007/057620 WO2008012309A2 (de) 2006-07-26 2007-07-24 Stromerfassungsvorrichtung und verfahren zur stromerfassung

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US20090289694A1 true US20090289694A1 (en) 2009-11-26

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US12/309,488 Abandoned US20090289694A1 (en) 2006-07-26 2007-07-24 Current-Sensing Apparatus and Method for Current Sensing

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US (1) US20090289694A1 (de)
EP (1) EP2044446A2 (de)
CN (1) CN101495874A (de)
DE (1) DE102006034579A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2008012309A2 (de)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100176816A1 (en) * 2009-01-15 2010-07-15 John Horowy Partial Corona Discharge Detection
CN102043083A (zh) * 2010-11-23 2011-05-04 中国科学院电工研究所 一种巨磁阻阵列电流传感器
US20120330491A1 (en) * 2010-10-05 2012-12-27 Olinger Michael D Automatic guided vehicle sensor system and method of using same
US20130076343A1 (en) * 2011-02-09 2013-03-28 International Business Machines Corporation Non-contact current and voltage sensing clamp
JP2013535674A (ja) * 2010-07-30 2013-09-12 コミッサリア ア レネルジー アトミーク エ オ ゼネルジ ザルタナテイヴ 磁気抵抗に基づき電圧又は電流を測定する集積化センサ
US9322854B2 (en) 2011-02-09 2016-04-26 International Business Machines Corporation Non-contact current and voltage sensing method using a clamshell housing and a ferrite cylinder
US9529060B2 (en) 2014-01-09 2016-12-27 Allegro Microsystems, Llc Magnetoresistance element with improved response to magnetic fields
US9812637B2 (en) 2015-06-05 2017-11-07 Allegro Microsystems, Llc Spin valve magnetoresistance element with improved response to magnetic fields
US20180095112A1 (en) * 2015-03-31 2018-04-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Current-Measuring Device And Method For Determining An Electric Current
EP3376238A1 (de) * 2017-03-16 2018-09-19 LEM Intellectual Property SA Stromwandler mit magnetfeldgradientensensor
US10620279B2 (en) 2017-05-19 2020-04-14 Allegro Microsystems, Llc Magnetoresistance element with increased operational range
US11022661B2 (en) 2017-05-19 2021-06-01 Allegro Microsystems, Llc Magnetoresistance element with increased operational range
US11719771B1 (en) 2022-06-02 2023-08-08 Allegro Microsystems, Llc Magnetoresistive sensor having seed layer hysteresis suppression
US12320870B2 (en) 2022-07-19 2025-06-03 Allegro Microsystems, Llc Controlling out-of-plane anisotropy in an MR sensor with free layer dusting
US12352832B2 (en) 2023-01-30 2025-07-08 Allegro Microsystems, Llc Reducing angle error in angle sensor due to orthogonality drift over magnetic-field
US12359904B2 (en) 2023-01-26 2025-07-15 Allegro Microsystems, Llc Method of manufacturing angle sensors including magnetoresistance elements including different types of antiferromagnetic materials

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FR2930994B1 (fr) 2008-05-07 2010-06-18 Commissariat Energie Atomique Structure et procede de fabrication d'un capteur de gradient de champ magnetique en technologie integree
US8975889B2 (en) 2011-01-24 2015-03-10 Infineon Technologies Ag Current difference sensors, systems and methods
FR2979707B1 (fr) * 2011-09-07 2014-04-25 Sagemcom Energy & Telecom Sas Dispositif de mesure comportant un shunt et un compteur electrique comportant un tel dispositif de mesure
CN102590587A (zh) * 2012-02-22 2012-07-18 西安交通大学 中压大电流直流断路器短路电流识别装置及其识别方法
CN103323643B (zh) * 2012-03-20 2016-06-29 美新半导体（无锡）有限公司 单芯片电流传感器及其制造方法
CN102890175B (zh) * 2012-10-24 2015-07-01 无锡乐尔科技有限公司 用于电流传感器的磁电阻集成芯片
DE102013210298A1 (de) * 2013-06-04 2014-12-04 Robert Bosch Gmbh Anordnung zur Ermittlung von Kenngrößen eines elektrochemischen Energiespeichers
DE102013112760A1 (de) * 2013-11-19 2015-05-21 Danfoss Silicon Power Gmbh Leistungsmodul mit integrierter Strommessung
DE102016124167A1 (de) * 2016-12-13 2018-06-14 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Rogowski-Stromsensor mit aktiver Kapazitätskompensation
US20200300894A1 (en) * 2017-10-12 2020-09-24 Sensitec Gmbh Current sensor assembly
DE102018113005B4 (de) 2018-05-30 2024-02-01 Infineon Technologies Austria Ag Magnetischer stromsensor
DE102020211526A1 (de) * 2019-09-20 2021-03-25 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Sensorvorrichtung mit Sensor und Stromrichter

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US20060091993A1 (en) * 2004-10-28 2006-05-04 Tdk Corporation Current sensor
US20070091509A1 (en) * 2003-07-29 2007-04-26 Seagate Technology Llc Magnetoresistive sensor

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US5705926A (en) * 1993-08-25 1998-01-06 Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation Magnetic sensor and magnetic field sensing method of using same based on impedance changes of a high frequency supplied conductor
US20070091509A1 (en) * 2003-07-29 2007-04-26 Seagate Technology Llc Magnetoresistive sensor
US20050248336A1 (en) * 2003-08-26 2005-11-10 Nirmal Sharma Current sensor
US20060091993A1 (en) * 2004-10-28 2006-05-04 Tdk Corporation Current sensor
US7495541B2 (en) * 2004-10-28 2009-02-24 Tdk Corporation Current sensor

Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100176816A1 (en) * 2009-01-15 2010-07-15 John Horowy Partial Corona Discharge Detection
US8193818B2 (en) * 2009-01-15 2012-06-05 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Partial corona discharge detection
JP2013535674A (ja) * 2010-07-30 2013-09-12 コミッサリア ア レネルジー アトミーク エ オ ゼネルジ ザルタナテイヴ 磁気抵抗に基づき電圧又は電流を測定する集積化センサ
US8761987B2 (en) * 2010-10-05 2014-06-24 Checkpoint Llc Automatic guided vehicle sensor system and method of using same
US20120330491A1 (en) * 2010-10-05 2012-12-27 Olinger Michael D Automatic guided vehicle sensor system and method of using same
CN102043083A (zh) * 2010-11-23 2011-05-04 中国科学院电工研究所 一种巨磁阻阵列电流传感器
US20130076343A1 (en) * 2011-02-09 2013-03-28 International Business Machines Corporation Non-contact current and voltage sensing clamp
US9063184B2 (en) * 2011-02-09 2015-06-23 International Business Machines Corporation Non-contact current-sensing and voltage-sensing clamp
US9322854B2 (en) 2011-02-09 2016-04-26 International Business Machines Corporation Non-contact current and voltage sensing method using a clamshell housing and a ferrite cylinder
US9322855B2 (en) 2011-02-09 2016-04-26 International Business Machines Corporation Non-contact current and voltage sensor having detachable housing incorporating multiple ferrite cylinder portions
US9529060B2 (en) 2014-01-09 2016-12-27 Allegro Microsystems, Llc Magnetoresistance element with improved response to magnetic fields
US9804234B2 (en) 2014-01-09 2017-10-31 Allegro Microsystems, Llc Magnetoresistance element with an improved seed layer to promote an improved response to magnetic fields
US10347277B2 (en) 2014-01-09 2019-07-09 Allegro Microsystems, Llc Magnetoresistance element with improved response to magnetic fields
US9922673B2 (en) 2014-01-09 2018-03-20 Allegro Microsystems, Llc Magnetoresistance element with improved response to magnetic fields
US20180095112A1 (en) * 2015-03-31 2018-04-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Current-Measuring Device And Method For Determining An Electric Current
US10393775B2 (en) * 2015-03-31 2019-08-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Current-measuring device and method for determining an electric current
US9812637B2 (en) 2015-06-05 2017-11-07 Allegro Microsystems, Llc Spin valve magnetoresistance element with improved response to magnetic fields
EP4235192A3 (de) * 2017-03-16 2023-10-11 LEM International SA Stromwandler mit magnetfeldgradientensensor
WO2018166995A1 (en) * 2017-03-16 2018-09-20 Lem Intellectual Property Sa Electrical current transducer with magnetic field gradient sensor
US11215644B2 (en) 2017-03-16 2022-01-04 Lem International Sa Electrical current transducer with magnetic field gradient sensor
EP3376238A1 (de) * 2017-03-16 2018-09-19 LEM Intellectual Property SA Stromwandler mit magnetfeldgradientensensor
US10620279B2 (en) 2017-05-19 2020-04-14 Allegro Microsystems, Llc Magnetoresistance element with increased operational range
US11002807B2 (en) 2017-05-19 2021-05-11 Allegro Microsystems, Llc Magnetoresistance element with increased operational range
US11022661B2 (en) 2017-05-19 2021-06-01 Allegro Microsystems, Llc Magnetoresistance element with increased operational range
US11719771B1 (en) 2022-06-02 2023-08-08 Allegro Microsystems, Llc Magnetoresistive sensor having seed layer hysteresis suppression
US12320870B2 (en) 2022-07-19 2025-06-03 Allegro Microsystems, Llc Controlling out-of-plane anisotropy in an MR sensor with free layer dusting
US12359904B2 (en) 2023-01-26 2025-07-15 Allegro Microsystems, Llc Method of manufacturing angle sensors including magnetoresistance elements including different types of antiferromagnetic materials
US12352832B2 (en) 2023-01-30 2025-07-08 Allegro Microsystems, Llc Reducing angle error in angle sensor due to orthogonality drift over magnetic-field

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN101495874A (zh) 2009-07-29
DE102006034579A1 (de) 2008-01-31
WO2008012309A3 (de) 2008-03-27
WO2008012309A2 (de) 2008-01-31
EP2044446A2 (de) 2009-04-08

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