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US20090069203A1 - Heat reversible gel-like lubricating composition, process for producing the same, and bearing lubricant and bearing system using said composition - Google Patents

Heat reversible gel-like lubricating composition, process for producing the same, and bearing lubricant and bearing system using said composition Download PDF

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Publication number
US20090069203A1
US20090069203A1 US11/665,827 US66582705A US2009069203A1 US 20090069203 A1 US20090069203 A1 US 20090069203A1 US 66582705 A US66582705 A US 66582705A US 2009069203 A1 US2009069203 A1 US 2009069203A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
oil
gel
lubricant
bearing
lubricating
Prior art date
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Abandoned
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US11/665,827
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English (en)
Inventor
Yoji Takezaki
Masaya Asari
Seijiro Yasutomi
Yuji Shitara
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
PORITE Corp
Eneos Corp
Original Assignee
PORITE Corp
Japan Energy Corp
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Assigned to JAPAN ENERGY CORPORATION, PORITE CORPORATION reassignment JAPAN ENERGY CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: YASUTOMI, SEIJIRO, SHITARA, YUJI, ASARI, MASAYA, TAKEZAKI, YOJI
Publication of US20090069203A1 publication Critical patent/US20090069203A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/16—Amides; Imides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M115/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a non-macromolecular organic compound other than a carboxylic acid or salt thereof
    • C10M115/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a non-macromolecular organic compound other than a carboxylic acid or salt thereof containing nitrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M141/06—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic nitrogen-containing compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M177/00—Special methods of preparation of lubricating compositions; Chemical modification by after-treatment of components or of the whole of a lubricating composition, not covered by other classes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/66—Special parts or details in view of lubrication
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/66—Special parts or details in view of lubrication
    • F16C33/6637—Special parts or details in view of lubrication with liquid lubricant
    • F16C33/664—Retaining the liquid in or near the bearing
    • F16C33/6648—Retaining the liquid in or near the bearing in a porous or resinous body, e.g. a cage impregnated with the liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/66—Special parts or details in view of lubrication
    • F16C33/6637—Special parts or details in view of lubrication with liquid lubricant
    • F16C33/6688—Lubricant compositions or properties, e.g. viscosity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/0206—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/14—Synthetic waxes, e.g. polythene waxes
    • C10M2205/146—Synthetic waxes, e.g. polythene waxes used as thickening agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/16—Paraffin waxes; Petrolatum, e.g. slack wax
    • C10M2205/166—Paraffin waxes; Petrolatum, e.g. slack wax used as thickening agent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
    • C10M2207/128—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids containing hydroxy groups; Ethers thereof
    • C10M2207/1285—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids containing hydroxy groups; Ethers thereof used as thickening agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/2835—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/10—Amides of carbonic or haloformic acids
    • C10M2215/102—Ureas; Semicarbazides; Allophanates
    • C10M2215/1026—Ureas; Semicarbazides; Allophanates used as thickening material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/02—Bearings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/10—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated semi-solid; greasy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/86—Optimisation of rolling resistance, e.g. weight reduction 

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heat reversible gel-like lubricating composition, a bearing lubricant, and a bearing system using the heat reversible gel-like lubricating composition and the bearing lubricant.
  • the present invention relates to a heat reversible gel-like lubricating composition which, when used in a sintered metal oil-impregnated bearing or rolling bearing, scarcely cause leakage or separation of oil, can reconstruct the gel structure even after being repeatedly subjected to heating and cooling stresses during use, can adjust gel properties such as flow characteristics and consistency according to the application over a wide range, and exhibits friction characteristics with a significantly improved low coefficient of friction as compared with conventional lubricants.
  • Lubricants are classified to lubricating oil which mainly comprises a base oil such as a mineral oil or a synthetic oil and is liquid at room temperature, and grease in a semi-solid gel form in which a puffing agent such as a metal soap and urea is dispersed. These lubricants have different advantages and disadvantages respectively, and are used depending on the use conditions, circumstance, and application.
  • Liquid lubricating oil usually tends to spread due to the high wetting properties thereof, and a measure for preventing splashing and spreading of the oil, e.g., an appropriate oil-repellent treatment on the surface of a system material, is necessary, if required, when the liquid lubricating oil is used in a compact precision instrument such as a camera.
  • an amino acid gelling agent is used for a contact grease (see JP-A-63-221198).
  • optical activity is required for a non-aqueous gelling agent, only limited types of gelling agents are put into practical use in the view of ease of purification and cost (see “Hyomen (Surface)” by Kenji HANABUSA, et al., Vol. 36, No. 6, pp. 291-301, 2003).
  • a triamide compound which is one of a limited number of non-aqueous gelling agents, is lower in lubricating performance as compared with a bisamide compound or a monoamide compound. Therefore, a heat reversible gel-like lubricant with sufficiently low friction characteristics cannot be prepared by merely adjusting the type and concentration of a triamide compound.
  • a lubricating oil composition in which a wax component such as paraffin wax and bees wax is blended to a liquid lube base oil is disclosed (see JP-A-10-246230, for example).
  • a wax component such as paraffin wax and bees wax
  • a liquid lube base oil is disclosed (see JP-A-10-246230, for example).
  • oil leakage may be prevented by blending wax components, performance of the composition is insufficient in terms of friction characteristics.
  • the present invention solves the above-mentioned problems and an object of the present invention is to provide a heat reversible gel-like lubricating composition which is a semi-solid gel like grease in an operating bulk temperature region, but is homogeneously melted in a local high-temperature region such as a sliding and contacting portion, is free from the problem of precipitation of foreign substances which is an inherent week point of grease, exhibits remarkable low-friction characteristics unrealizable by grease, and possesses excellent energy saving performance.
  • the present inventors conceived an idea of solving the above-mentioned problem at once by blending a specific amount of a bisamide and/or a monoamide having a melting point in a range from several tens to several hundreds degrees Celsius (° C.) to a base oil. That is, a grease-like semi-solid gel can be prepared by the blending of such a bisamide and/or a monoamide, the gel can prevent leakage or splashing of oil. Therefore, the bisamide and/or monoamide are melted in sliding portion at the temperature higher than the melting point thereof, the gel is free from the drawback of grease to precipitate foreign substances, and exhibits excellent low friction characteristics possessed by a bisamide and a monoamide. As a result of extensive studies based on this concept, the inventors have confirmed that the expected effect can be achieved and completed the present invention.
  • the present invention is a heat reversible gel-like lubricating composition comprising a mineral and/or synthetic liquid base oil for lubricant and a bisamide and/or a monoamide. Furthermore, the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a heat reversible gel-like lubricating composition comprising blending a bisamide and/or a monoamide capable of forming a heat reversible gel to a mineral and/or synthetic liquid base oil for lubricant.
  • a triamide more preferably to blend the bisamide and/or the monoamide in an amount of 0.01 to 500 parts by weight in total per 100 parts by weight of the liquid base oil for lubricant, and still more preferably to blend a friction modifier in an amount of 0.05 to 10 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the liquid base oil for lubricant.
  • the present invention is a bearing lubricant comprising the heat reversible gel-like lubricating composition and a bearing lubricant system using the bearing lubricant, which are particularly preferably applied in an oil-impregnated bearing system or a rolling bearing system.
  • the present invention is a method for producing a bearing system comprising a step of heating the bearing lubricant together with an oil-impregnated bearing.
  • the oil-impregnated bearing before the heating step does not usually contain an oily component such as a lubricant, but may contain an oily component.
  • the heat reversible gel-like lubricating composition of the present invention is a semi-solid gel same as grease at a bulk temperature in mechanical elements, as well as at room temperature.
  • amides are homogeneously dissolved, the composition exhibits a lubricating performance as a liquid base oil for lubricant having low friction characteristics without precipitation of foreign substances, which is an inevitable defect of grease.
  • the composition has an advantage of being substantially free from lubricating trouble caused by precipitation of foreign substances.
  • the excellent low friction characteristics unrealizable by grease can be realised by interaction between a bisamide and/or a monoamide, and a liquid base oil for lubricant, resulting in significant energy saving.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the relationship between the blend amount of an amide and 1 ⁇ 4 consistency.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the main portion of an oil-impregnated sintered bearing in which the bearing lubricant comprising the heat reversible gel-like lubricating composition of the present invention can be suitably used.
  • FIG. 2 also shows an example of a supply mechanism of the gel-like lubricating composition.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the main portion of a rolling bearing in which the bearing lubricant comprising the heat reversible gel-like lubricating composition of the present invention can be suitably used.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a main portion of an example of a bearing system in which the heat reversible gel-like lubricating composition of the present invention is placed outside of an oil-impregnated bearing for the purpose of giving a function for retaining oil in order to prevent pollution due to oil splashing.
  • the heat reversible gel-like lubricating composition of the present invention can be obtained by blending a bisamide and/or a monoamide to a liquid base oil for lubricant, optionally blending a triamide and a friction modifier, further blending additives such as an antioxidant and a rust preventive, stirring the mixture at a temperature more than the highest melting point of the amides (bisamide, monoamide, and triamide to be added), preferably at a temperature 2 to 20° C. higher, more preferably about 5 to 10° C. higher, than the highest melting point of the amides, and allowing the mixture to cool after confirming homogeneous dissolution.
  • Heat reversible is defined in the present invention as the property of semipermanently repeating a change in the state depending upon environmental thermal energy (liquefaction by temperature rising and gelation by temperature lowering) and, specifically, properties of being in a gel-like state in a bulk temperature region of a machine used (from room temperature to several tens ° C., for example, 0 to 80° C.) and being in a liquid state in only a local high-temperature region (for example, 100 to 200° C.) in a machine slide portion (boundary lubrication mode).
  • the composition having gel-like lubricating properties of the present invention must have hardness (consistency) according to application and a mechanical element or machine which is used.
  • the hardness (consistency) can be set with a wide range by adjusting the blending amount of an amide. Specifically, blending of a bisamide and/or a monoamide in an amount of from 0.01 to 500 parts by weight in total per 100 parts by weight of the liquid base oil for lubricant is preferable.
  • any oils commonly used as a lubricating oil including a mineral oil, a synthetic oil, or a mixture thereof, can be used.
  • properties of the lubricating oil a lubricating oil having a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of 3 to 500 mm 2 /s is preferably used.
  • a lubricating oil having a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of 8 to 100 mm 2 /s is more preferable.
  • the viscosity index of the lubricating oil is 90 or more, preferably from 95 to 250, the pour point is less than ⁇ 10° C., preferably from ⁇ 15 to ⁇ 70° C., and the flash point is preferably 150° C. or more.
  • the mixture can be used even though the properties of oils before mixing may be outside the range described above, except for the flash point, inasmuch as the properties of the mixture are within the range described above.
  • Mineral oil-type base oils for lubricant are generally prepared by distilling crude oil under atmospheric pressure, optionally further distilling the atmospheric residual oil under reduced pressure, refining the resulting distillate oil by various refining processes to obtain a lubricating oil fraction.
  • the fraction is used as a base oil, as it is, or a base oil is prepared by blending various additives to the fraction.
  • Examples of the above refining processes include hydrotreating, solvent extraction, solvent dewaxing, hydrodewaxing, sulfuric acid washing, and a clay treatment.
  • a mineral oil-type base oil for lubricant suitable for the present invention can be obtained by combining these processes in an appropriate order and submitting thereto.
  • a mixture of two or more refined oils having different properties obtained by processing different crude oils or different distillate oils in combination with different processes, or in different orders may also be used as a suitable base oil.
  • Synthetic oil-type lubricating oils include a poly- ⁇ -olefin (PAO), a fatty acid ester, a low-molecular-weight ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer, a silicone oil, a fluorinated oil, an alkyl naphthalene, and the like having high heat resistance, for example. These may be used alone or in combination as the base oil. Further, the base oil may be used as it is or prepared by blending various additives. Mineral oil-type lubricating oils and synthetic oil-type lubricating oils can be used alone individually or by mixing both at an appropriate ratio.
  • the bisamide in the present invention may be a acid amide of diamine or a acid amide of diacid.
  • the bisamide preferably used in the present invention has a melting point of 80 to 180° C., more preferably 100 to 170° C., and a molecular weight of 242 to 932, more preferably 298 to 876.
  • a suitable acid amide of diamine is shown by the following formula.
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently a saturated or unsaturated chain hydrocarbon group with a carbon number of 5 to 25.
  • a 1 is an alkylene group, a phenylene group, or an alkyl phenylene group with a carbon number of 1 to 10, or a bivalent hydrocarbon group with a carbon number of 1 to 10 in combination therewith.
  • a suitable acid amide of diacid is shown by the following formula.
  • R 3 and R 4 are independently a saturated or unsaturated chain hydrocarbon group with a carbon number of 5 to 25.
  • a 2 is an alkylene group, a phenylene group, or an alkyl phenylene group with a carbon number of 1 to 10, or a bivalent hydrocarbon group with a carbon number of 1 to 10 in combination therewith.
  • the acid amide of diamine includes preferably ethylene bisstearic acid amide, ethylene bisisostearic acid amide, ethylene bisoleic acid amide, methylene bislauric acid amide, hexamethylene bisoleic acid amide, hexamethylene bishydroxy stearic acid amide, m-xylylene bisstearic acid amide, and the like.
  • the acid amide of diacid includes preferably N,N′-distearyl sebacic acid amide, and the like. Of these, ethylene bisstearic acid amide is particularly preferable.
  • the monoamide preferably used in the present invention is shown by the following formula.
  • R 5 is a saturated or unsaturated chain hydrocarbon group with a carbon number of 5 to 25 and R 6 is a hydrogen atom or a saturated or unsaturated chain hydrocarbon group with a carbon number of 5 to 25.
  • the monoamide may be a saturated fatty acid amide such as lauric acid amide, palmitic acid amide, stearic acid amide, behenic acid amide, hydroxystearic acid amide, and the like, an unsaturated fatty acid amide such as oleic acid amide and erucic acid amide, and the like, and a substituted amide of a long-chain fatty acid and a long-chain amine (monoamide of the above formula in which R 6 is not hydrogen) such as a substituted amide of stearyl stearic acid amide and oleyl oleic acid amide.
  • a saturated fatty acid amide such as lauric acid amide, palmitic acid amide, stearic acid amide, behenic acid amide, hydroxystearic acid amide, and the like
  • an unsaturated fatty acid amide such as oleic acid amide and erucic acid amide, and the like
  • the substituted amide since the substituted amide is used at a high temperature, the substituted amide which has a molecular weight close to that of a bisamide is preferable from the viewpoint of being used at a high temperature.
  • the monoamide preferably used has a melting point of 30 to 130° C., more preferably 50 to 120° C., and the molecular weight of 115 to 745, more preferably 157 to 689.
  • the blending amount of the bisamide and/or monoamide to the liquid base oil for lubricant is preferably in a range of 0.01 to 500 parts by weight, particularly preferably in a range of 0.05 to 25.0 parts by weight in total per 100 parts by weight of the liquid base oil for lubricant.
  • a gel state and sufficiently low friction characteristics can be obtained by adjusting the blending amount of the bisamide and/or monoamide to 0.01 parts by weight or more.
  • the liquid base oil for lubricant can be retained in the sliding portion in an amount sufficient to prevent an increase of friction by adjusting the amount of bisamide and/or monoamide to 500 parts by weight or less.
  • FIG. 1 ethylene bisstearic acid amide, stearic acid amide, and N-lauroyl-L-glutamic acid- ⁇ , ⁇ -di-n-butylamide used in Examples are used as a parameter bisamide, monoamide, and triamide, respectively.
  • the blending amounts of each amide are shown by parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the liquid base oil for lubricant.
  • Nos. 2 , 4 , and 6 in FIG. 1 indicate each consistency number stipulated in JIS K2220 “Grease” and simply show the range of each consistency number.
  • the triamide preferably used in the present invention is shown by the following formula.
  • R 7 , R 8 and R 9 are independently saturated or unsaturated chain hydrocarbon groups with a carbon number of 2 to 25.
  • M is an amide group (—CO—NH—) and A 3 , A 4 and A 5 are independently single bonds or alkylene group having a carbon number of 5 or less.
  • N-acylamino acid diamide compounds are preferable.
  • the N-acyl group of the compound is preferably a linear or branched and saturated or unsaturated aliphatic acyl group or an aromatic acyl group with a carbon number of 1 to 30, and specifically preferably a caproyl group, a capryroyl group, a lauroyl group, a miristoyl group, or a stearoyl group.
  • the amino acid for the compound is preferably originated from aspartic acid or glutamic acid.
  • the amine of the amide group is preferably a linear or branched and saturated or unsaturated aliphatic amine, aromatic amine, or alicyclic amine with a carbon number of 1 to 30, and more preferably butylamine, octylamine, laurylamine, isostearylamine, stearylamine cyclohexylamine, and benzylamine.
  • N-lauroyl-L-glutamic acid-a,y-di-n-butylamide is particularly preferable.
  • the blending amount of the triamide may vary depending on the base oil used, it is preferable to add 0.01 to 30 parts by weight of the triamide, more preferably 0.05 to 30 parts by weight, and still more preferably more than 0.1 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the liquid base oil for lubricant. If the blending amount of the triamide is 0.01 parts or more by weight, preferably 0.05 parts or more by weight, the gel structure can be developed sufficiently, and if the amount of the triamide is 30 parts or less by weight, the gel can be maintained suitable hardness for use and costs can advantageously be reduced.
  • Addition of 0.05 to 10 parts by weight of a friction modifier, preferably an oil soluble friction modifier, per 100 parts by weight of the liquid base oil for lubricant used in the present invention is particularly preferable in significantly reducing the period (running-in period) of time required for conditioning the heat reversible gel-like lubricating composition.
  • an ashless friction modifier such as an ester ashless friction modifier, an ether ashless friction modifier, a polyol ashless friction modifier, an imidazole ashless friction modifier, and an amine ashless friction modifier, for example, monoester of a long-chain fatty acid, an ester of a higher alcohol and the compound thereof, and an aliphatic amine ester and an aliphatic amide ester, and the like, and a metal friction modifier such as a molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate, or the like may be used individually or in combination.
  • additives for lubricants such as an antioxidant, an anti-wear additive, an anti-rust additive, a pour-point depressant, a metal deactivator, a defoaming agent, and an adhesive agent for providing viscosity may be added to the lubricating composition of the present invention as necessary.
  • the lubricating composition of the present invention possesses excellent friction characteristics (a low friction coefficient), can prevent greasy dirt due to oil leakage, and enables reconstruction of the gel structure even after repeated stresses of heating and cooling during use and non-use. Therefore, the lubricating composition of the present invention can be suitably used as a bearing lubricant in a lubrication system, for example, the bearings mentioned below.
  • An oil-impregnated bearing and a rolling bearing can be given as examples of the bearings.
  • the oil-impregnated sintered bearing indicated by numeral 2 in FIG. 2 is Produced by impregnating with the liquid lubricant oil by vacuum impregnation or the like into a porous sintered metal which is made from a powder of a metal such as copper, bronze, brass, iron, and zinc by mixing, molding, sintering, and sizing, and generally has 5 to 30 vol % voids.
  • a porous sintered metal which is made from a powder of a metal such as copper, bronze, brass, iron, and zinc by mixing, molding, sintering, and sizing, and generally has 5 to 30 vol % voids.
  • a gel-like lubricating composition needs to melt in a liquid state by heating to a temperature of 10° C. higher than the melting point of the amide blended therein, and impregnate into a porous sintered metal material by vacuum impregnation or the like.
  • a centrifugal deoil process that the excessive lubricating oil is removed by utilizing centrifugal force is carried out by putting the oil-impregnated sintered bearing in a basket, and rotating the bearing together with the basket.
  • this process needs to be done in a state where the surrounding temperature is kept higher than the melting point of the amide contained in the lubricating composition so that the gel-like lubricating composition is melted.
  • the processes described above other than the vacuum impregnation are preferably carried out under the atmosphere of inert gas such as nitrogen to prevent the lubricating oil and the bearing metal from oxidation deterioration due to a high temperature.
  • a material having porosity capable of being impregnated with the heat reversible gel-like lubricating composition of the present invention by any means such as heating and maintaining the lubricating composition, such as a plastic resin, a ceramic, a fiber material such as wood or cork, or a composite material made from two or more of these materials can be used.
  • a rolling bearing is fabricated from two bearing rings (an inner ring 10 and an outer ring 9 ), rolling elements 12 (balls or rollers), and a holder 11 , and the rolling elements 12 disposed between the inner ring 10 and outer ring 9 have a certain distance from the other by the holder 11 so as to prevent from coming into contact each other.
  • a rolling bearing has a rolling mechanism and is largely classified into radial bearing and thrust bearing.
  • a rolling bearing is generally filled with a liquid lubricating oil or a grease so that the bearing is smoothly lubricated.
  • the heat reversible gel-like lubricating composition of the present invention has the same lubricating properties as these liquid lubricating oils or greases, and can derive better bearing performance due to the excellent friction characteristics and lubricating performance.
  • As the application method a method of filling in the bearing with the gel-like lubricating composition in the same manner as a grease, a method of heating the gel-like lubricating composition to liquefy the composition and charging the bearing with the heated liquefied composition, followed by cooling to form a gel, and the like can be given.
  • the holder 11 is made of a porous material, the bearing is used by impregnating the holder 11 with the gel-like lubricating composition.
  • the gel-like lubricating composition of the present invention is a gel of semi-solid state, and the liquid base oil for lubricant is held in an amide compound which forms a three-dimensional network structure. Microscopically, the liquid base oil for lubricant is freely moving inside the network structure.
  • the liquid base oil for lubricant can move from the gel to the small gaps by capillary phenomenon, or when an excessive amount of the liquid base oil for lubricant is present in the system, on the other hand, the gel functions as a capillary of the three-dimensional structure and incorporates the excessive liquid base oil for lubricant therein.
  • a system of disposing the gel-like lubricating composition outside the oil-impregnated bearing in order to supply the lubricating oil to the oil-impregnated bearing or a system of disposing the gel-like lubricating composition for the purpose of oil-retaining function in order to prevent the system from being polluted by the liquid base oil for lubricant by collecting the base oil leaked from the bearing can be given.
  • felt (nonwoven fabric) or cellulose fibers with high oil absorptivity impregnated with liquid lubricating oil are used as a mechanism for supplying oil to an oil-impregnated bearing.
  • Such a mechanism has problems such as insufficient impregnated oil content, difficulty in controlling the impregnated oil content, requirement of a time-consuming effort for impregnating the oil, and lubrication failure such as seizure due to fibrous foreign substances came into the bearing clearance.
  • the impregnated oil content can be appropriately adjusted and the composition can be easily filled in the bearing by heating and liquefying the composition.
  • amides are non-fibrous materials and have low friction characteristics, the amides have no problems even if they come into clearances.
  • the composition can be used as a means for solving the problems in the prior arts. Specifically, as shown in FIG.
  • the lube component can be automatically supplied from the composition when the lube component in the oil-impregnated bearing 2 decreases. Conversely, if the lube component leaks from the oil-impregnated bearing 2 , the leaked oil is automatically collected in the lubricating composition.
  • a method of providing an oil-repellent treatment has problems such as a fluctuation in the oil-repelling effect and requirement of a time-consuming effort for the oil-repellent treatment.
  • a noncontact bearing system in which oil is prevented from splashing by using a magnetic fluid or the like has a problem of expensive cost, although high-speed rotation performance is satisfied.
  • the oil-retaining effect of the gel-like lubricating composition of the present invention that is, for example, by providing the gel-like lubricating composition of the present invention in a housing 15 as an oil retention mechanism 14 , as shown in FIG.
  • liquid base oils for lubricant amides, waxes, oil-soluble friction modifier, and puffing agents were blended at the proportions shown in Tables 2, 3, and 4 to prepare the lubricating compositions of the Examples and the Comparative Examples.
  • the four liquid base oils for lubricant having the properties as shown in Table 1 were used.
  • Base oil A and base oil D indicated as “PAO” are commercially-available poly- ⁇ -olefins, and these viscosity grades are respectively VG32 and VG68.
  • Base oil B is a mineral oil with VG46.
  • the fatty acid ester of base oil C is an ester of a polyhydric alcohol with a neopentyl structure (neopentyl glycol) and a fatty acid (isostearic acid).
  • These liquid base oils for lubricant contain previously predetermined amounts of additives such as an antioxidant, and an anti-wear additive, and have basic properties (antioxidant properties, antiwear properties, etc.) as lubricating oils.
  • A-Bisamide Ethylene bisstearic acid amide [mp: 145° C., molecular weight: 592]
  • Ester-based friction modifier [Irgalube F10A manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals, Corp.]
  • Lithium soap 12 hydroxy lithium stearate was used as a soap puffing agent.
  • Diurea A mixture of an aliphatic diurea compound and an aromatic diurea compound was used as a non-soap puffing agent.
  • liquid base oils for lubricant, amides, waxes, and the like were blended at the proportions shown in Tables 2, 3, and 4, and the mixture was heated to a temperature above the melting points of the components, specifically to a temperature 10° C. higher than the melting point of the blended amide having the highest melting point. The mixture was stirred until homogeneous dissolution was confirmed, and then cooled to room temperature to obtain lubricating compositions of Examples 1 to 16 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5.
  • the prepared lubricating compositions were subjected to tests for evaluating heat reversibility, state observation, anti-dripping properties, and lubricity according to the methods described below, and the properties as gel-like lubricants were compared with these of a non-gel-like lubricating oil (a liquid containing no amide) of composition of Comparative Example 1, semi-solid gel to which a wax such as paraffin wax was added (Comparative Examples 1 and 2), commercially-available Li-containing grease No. 2 (Reference Example), and Li-containing grease (Comparative Example 4) and urea grease (Comparative Example 5) adjusted using the same liquid base oil for lubricant as the Examples.
  • oil-impregnated sintered bronze bearings were impregnated with the compositions of the Examples and the Comparative Examples to measure and compare friction characteristics.
  • sample oil lubricating compositions of the Examples and the Comparative Examples
  • sample oil lubricating compositions of the Examples and the Comparative Examples
  • Unmixing consistency was measured according to JIS K2220 using a 1 ⁇ 4 consistency tester.
  • the Shell Four-Ball Wear Test (ASTM D4172) was conducted for measuring wear resistance. The Test was conducted under the conditions of speed of 1,200 rpm, load of 40 kgf/cm 2 , and temperature of 50° C. for 60 minutes to measure ball wear scar diameter (mm).
  • Friction characteristics were determined using SRV test with ball-on-disc configuration by measuring a coefficient of friction after 15 minutes from start of the test conducted under conditions of a load of 100N, a frequency of 50 Hz, an amplitude of 1.5 mm, and a temperature of 40° C.
  • the test machine used for the SRV test conformed to ASTM D5706 and the material of the ball and disc was SUJ-2.
  • An oil-impregnated sintered bronze bearing (internal diameter: 4.007 mm) was impregnated under a vacuum with the lubricating compositions of the Examples and the Comparative Examples melted by heating at about 150° C.
  • the impregnated oil content was about 20 vol %.
  • a steel shaft (external diameter: 3.994 mm) was positioned in the impregnated bearing material and a slide test was carried out by applying a load of 3.7 kgf/cm 2 from above at speeds of 100 rpm and 4,000 rpm to evaluated the friction characteristics by the coefficient of friction. The experiment was conducted; three times for each of the above rotation speeds at room temperature. The mean value of the coefficients of friction at steady states was recorded. The period of time required for the friction coefficient at 100 rpm to become steady-state (running-in period) was also measured.
  • Example Comparative 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
  • Example 1 Base oil A 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 — — 100 Base oil B — — — — — 100 — — Base oil C — — — — — — — 100 — A-Bisamide 0.1 0.5 1.0 5.0 — — 1.0 1.0 — B-Monoamide — — — — 1.0 5.0 — — — C-triamide 0.1 0.5 — — — — — — — — — Heat reversibility Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good — State (observation)* H-gel H-gel H-gel H-gel H-gel H-gel H-gel Liquid Anti-dripping properties Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Bad Wear resistance 0.41 — 0.38 — — — ⁇ — — 0.48 Ball wear scar deiameter (mm) Friction characteristics (SRV) 0.125 — 0.
  • Example Comparative Comparative 16 Example 4
  • Base oil D 100 100 100 D-Monoamide 10 — — Puffing agent Lithium soap — 8 — Diurea — — 12 Consistency (1 ⁇ 4) 271 279 284 Friction characteristic Coefficient of friction 0.100 0.105 0.110 Fluctuation of coefficient of .Small .Medium .Large friction Wear resistance ⁇ Ball wear scar diameter (mm) 0.28 0.33 0.40
  • Comparative Example 1 is a lubricating composition consisting only of base oil A.
  • the compositions of Examples 1 to 8 were blended a bisamide and/or a monoamide.
  • a triamide was added to the compositions with a specifically small content of bisamide (Examples 1 and 2).
  • All of the gel-like lubricating compositions of Examples 1 to 8 prepared by adding amides to a base oil were confirmed to form a homogeneous gel and exhibit heat reversibility due to reheating.
  • these gel-like lubricating compositions were confirmed to exhibit excellent anti-dripping properties, and be useful for prevention of the oil leakage as compared with the lubricating consisting only of a base oil (Comparative Example 1). Moreover, their wear resistance and friction characteristics are also excellent as compared with the lubricating consisting only of a base oil, confirming that the addition of an amide, in particularly, can lower friction.
  • the compositions of Examples 9 to 16 and Comparative Examples 2 to 5, and a commercially available lithium grease of the Reference Example are shown in Tables 3 and 4. It can be understood from Table 3 that all the gel-like lubricating compositions of Examples 9 to 15 to which a bisamide and/or a monoamide was added in an amount from 20 parts by weight to the maximum amount of 250 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of base oil A formed homogeneous gels and exhibited good heat reversibility. The consistency hardened with the increase of the amount of amides blended ed as shown in FIG. 1 .
  • Example 15 the gel-like lubricating composition of Example 15 in which a friction modifier was added was confirmed to exhibit a more excellent lubricant performance by a reduced running-in period.
  • Li-based grease did not show heat reversibility, with confirming separation of soap components and oil by heating, and could not be homogeneously impregnated in a sintered bearing under a vacuum.
  • Example 16 exhibits not only low and extremely stable friction characteristics with a low fluctuation of the coefficient of friction, but also superior wear resistance as compared with commonly known Li grease and urea grease.
  • the composition can be suitably used as a lubricating for bearing systems (oil-impregnated bearing, rolling bearing, etc.) of various general machines such as vehicles, precision instruments, and the like. Furthermore, the composition can be used for bearing systems equipped with a means for making use of the oil supply mechanism or oil retention mechanism possessed by a gel-like lubricating composition.

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US11/665,827 2004-10-20 2005-10-17 Heat reversible gel-like lubricating composition, process for producing the same, and bearing lubricant and bearing system using said composition Abandoned US20090069203A1 (en)

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US20140328999A1 (en) * 2011-11-04 2014-11-06 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Dynamic and Switchable Slippery Surfaces
US20150361272A1 (en) * 2013-01-30 2015-12-17 Jx Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation Rust preventive oil composition
US20160265589A1 (en) * 2015-03-13 2016-09-15 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Sliding member
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US20120230623A1 (en) * 2011-03-11 2012-09-13 Nippon Thompson Co., Ltd. Full complement roller bearing packed with gel-like lubricant
US8562223B2 (en) * 2011-03-11 2013-10-22 Nippon Thompson Co., Ltd. Full complement roller bearing packed with gel-like lubricant
US20140328999A1 (en) * 2011-11-04 2014-11-06 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Dynamic and Switchable Slippery Surfaces
US9683197B2 (en) * 2011-11-04 2017-06-20 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Dynamic and switchable slippery surfaces
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JPWO2006051671A1 (ja) 2008-05-29
TWI373520B (en) 2012-10-01
JP2012017472A (ja) 2012-01-26
EP1803792A1 (fr) 2007-07-04
EP1803792A4 (fr) 2010-07-28
TW200619372A (en) 2006-06-16
CN101044229A (zh) 2007-09-26
KR101243600B1 (ko) 2013-03-20
JP5460671B2 (ja) 2014-04-02
WO2006051671A1 (fr) 2006-05-18
CN101044229B (zh) 2011-02-02
KR20070072599A (ko) 2007-07-04

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