Classifications

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  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
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  • C08J3/22—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring using masterbatch techniques
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
  • A01N25/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing solids as carriers or diluents
  • A01N25/10—Macromolecular compounds
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
  • A01N25/34—Shaped forms, e.g. sheets, not provided for in any other sub-group of this main group
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
  • A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
  • A01N59/20—Copper
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L29/00—Materials for catheters, medical tubing, cannulae, or endoscopes or for coating catheters
  • A61L29/12—Composite materials, i.e. containing one material dispersed in a matrix of the same or different material
  • A61L29/126—Composite materials, i.e. containing one material dispersed in a matrix of the same or different material having a macromolecular matrix
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  • A61L29/00—Materials for catheters, medical tubing, cannulae, or endoscopes or for coating catheters
  • A61L29/14—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. lubricating compositions
  • A61L29/16—Biologically active materials, e.g. therapeutic substances
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  • A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
  • A61L31/12—Composite materials, i.e. containing one material dispersed in a matrix of the same or different material
  • A61L31/125—Composite materials, i.e. containing one material dispersed in a matrix of the same or different material having a macromolecular matrix
  • A61L31/128—Composite materials, i.e. containing one material dispersed in a matrix of the same or different material having a macromolecular matrix containing other specific inorganic fillers not covered by A61L31/126 or A61L31/127
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
  • A61L31/14—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
  • A61L31/16—Biologically active materials, e.g. therapeutic substances
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  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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  • C08J3/20—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring
  • C08J3/201—Pre-melted polymers
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  • C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
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  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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  • C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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  • C08L67/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
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  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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  • C08L67/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L91/00—Compositions of oils, fats or waxes; Compositions of derivatives thereof
  • C08L91/06—Waxes
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
  • D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
  • D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
  • D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
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  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
  • A61B2017/00831—Material properties
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• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
  • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
  • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
  • A61F13/45—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the shape
  • A61F13/49—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the shape specially adapted to be worn around the waist, e.g. diapers, nappies
  • A61F2013/49098—Other Details not otherwise provided of the absorbent articles specially adapted to be worn around the waist
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  • A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
  • A61L2300/10—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices containing or releasing inorganic materials
  • A61L2300/102—Metals or metal compounds, e.g. salts such as bicarbonates, carbonates, oxides, zeolites, silicates
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  • A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
  • A61L2300/40—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices characterised by a specific therapeutic activity or mode of action
  • A61L2300/404—Biocides, antimicrobial agents, antiseptic agents
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  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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  • C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
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  • C08K2003/2248—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of copper

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an antimicrobial and antiviral polymeric master batch, to processes for producing antimicrobial and antiviral polymeric materials therefrom and to products produced therefrom. More particularly, the present invention relates to an improved process and master batch for preparing antimicrobial and antiviral polymeric materials having a multitude of uses.
• antimicrobial and antiviral polymeric materials are their use in a backing for a carpet, which could even be used in a hospital setting since it would not develop mold, smell, and would inactivate any viruses settling thereon; the use as a component of a molded non-woven product such as an air filter in a hospital or airplane or a mask which could be made air permeable or liquid permeable and be used to filter fluids flowing therethrough and to inactivate bacteria and viruses found in said fluids; formation into a continuous, flat, textured or stretched form which could be used in articles of clothing such as stockings, socks, shirts or any article of clothing that would incorporate a hydrophobic polymeric fiber or yarn; formation of a short staple fiber which could be then used as is or blended with other fibers such as cotton, which blended yarns could then be used for the manufacture of a variety of both knit and woven products such as socks, sheets, etc.; and use of such polymeric materials, manufactured in the form of a bi-component yarn in
• An example of said latter use would be the use of a polyethylene core with a polymeric sheath incorporating said water insoluble copper oxide particles to form a yarn with an increased resistance to being cut or ripped while also being both antimicrobial and antiviral and having a multiplicity of uses including in the food preparation industry.
• a hydrophilic polymeric fiber of yarn or material could be created from the hydrophobic material using any one of the commercial components available for this such as Burlington Industries Inc. Nano-Tech finish compounds.
• a process comprising the steps of: (a) providing a metallized textile, the metallized textile comprising: (i) a textile including fibers selected from the group consisting of natural fibers, synthetic cellulosic fibers, regenerated fibers, acrylic fibers, polyolefin fibers, polyurethane fibers, vinyl fibers, and blends thereof, and (ii) a plating including materials selected from the group consisting of metals and metal oxides, the metallized textile characterized in that the plating is bonded directly to the fibers; and (b) incorporating the metallized textile in an article of manufacture.
• the term “textile” includes fibers, whether natural (for example, cotton, silk, wool, and linen) or synthetic yarns spun from those fibers, and woven, knit, and non-woven fabrics made of those yarns.
• the scope of said invention includes all natural fibers; and all synthetic fibers used in textile applications, including but not limited to synthetic cellulosic fibers (i.e., regenerated cellulose fibers such as rayon, and cellulose derivative fibers such as acetate fibers), regenerated protein fibers, acrylic fibers, polyolefin fibers, polyurethane fibers, and vinyl fibers, but excluding nylon and polyester fibers, and blends thereof.
• Said invention comprised application to the products of an adaptation of boards made of plastic, with metals. See, for example, Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering (Jacqueline I. Kroschwitz, editor), Wiley and Sons, 1987, vol. IX, pp 580-598.
• this process included two steps. The first step was the activation of the textile by precipitating catalytic noble metal nucleation sites on the textile. This was done by first soaking the textile in a solution of a low-oxidation-state reductant cation, and then soaking the textile in a solution of noble metal cations, preferably a solution of Pd++ cations, most preferably an acidic PdCl 2 solution.
• the low-oxidation-state cation reduces the noble metal cations to the noble metals themselves, while being oxidized to a higher oxidation state.
• the reductant cation is one that is soluble in both the initial low oxidation state and the final high oxidation state, for example Sn++, which is oxidized to Sn++++, or Ti+++, which is oxidized to Ti++++.
• the second step was the reduction, in close proximity to the activated textile, of a metal cation whose reduction was catalyzed by a noble metal.
• the reducing agents used to reduce the cations typically were molecular species, for example, formaldehyde in the case of Cu++. Because the reducing agents were oxidized, the metal cations are termed “oxidant cations” herein.
• the metallized textiles thus produced were characterized in that their metal plating was bonded directly to the textile fibers.
• composition of matter comprising:
• a preferred process for preparing a metallized textile according to said publication comprises the steps of:
• water insoluble copper oxide particles that release Cu ++ are very reactive and therefore formed copper coatings and build-up on metal reactor walls as well as on the metal of the extruder.
• the present invention is therefore directed to an improvement on and modification of said process.
• thermoplastic resins incorporating copper oxide and these additives include: polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polystyrene, polyoxymethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyether sulfones, polysulfones, polyether ketones, polystyrene copolymers, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymers, polyamides such as nylon 6 or nylon 6.6, polyvinyl chloride and copolymers of ethylene.
• thermoplastic resin to be modified and the carrier polymer of the masterbatch can be the same, but do not have to be.
• the present invention in its first aspect, relates to a polymeric master batch for preparing an antimicrobal and antifungal and antiviral polymeric material comprising a slurry of thermoplastic resin, an antimicrobal and antifungal and antiviral agent consisting essentially of water insoluble particles of ionic copper oxide, a polymeric wax and an agent for occupying the charge of said ionic copper oxide.
• a polymeric master batch comprising between about 4% and 83% of a thermoplastic resin, about 10%-60% on a weight basis of water insoluble particles of ionic copper oxide, between about 1% and 30% of a polymeric wax, and between about 1% and 6% of an agent for occupying the charge of said ionic copper oxide.
• Particle size of the inorganic metal oxide is not a factor in being able to produce this product. This means that nano-particles that are classically very small, for example 200-300 nano-meters in size which are very common, can also be used to obtain the same effect. It is likely that even smaller particles can be used but are less cost effective. The limiting factor is in how large the size of the particle is simply because it becomes difficult to either flow the melted master batch through the holes of a spinneret, in an extruder, or under a knife coater.
• the copper based system are a dry powder with the potential to form agglomerates that have to be wetted well by the wax to prevent clumping together of the agglomerates.
• a small number of relatively large additive agglomerates make less contribution to the additive power of the material concerned than does a larger number of smaller additive agglomerates.
• the wax has to meet a number of requirements.
• One of these requirements concerns the viscosity of the melt.
• the viscosity of the melt should be as low as possible so that the molten wax can readily penetrate the voids within the agglomerates of the additive during formulation, which is usually carried out by mixing at a temperature above the melting point of the wax. As a result of the shear forces applied in this way, the agglomerates are more readily split up into the primary particles.
• the wetting capability of the waxes should also be good.
• Polar groups can in principle be introduced into a wax by means of various process steps.
• One method is to incorporate differing types of waxes including copolymers of polyethylene wax and maleic anhydride. These can be also used with ionomers of low molecular weight waxes.
• said agent is selected from the group consisting of a chelating agent, and a metal deactivating agent.
• said agent is selected from the group consisting of a metal deactivating phosphyte, a phenolic antioxidant, potassium iodide, potassium bromide, calcium stearate, zinc stearate, aluminium stearate, tertiary chain extenders and combinations thereof.
• said agent is a metal deactivator.
• said agent is a phenolic antioxidant.
• Chelating agents that can be used in the present invention include such compounds as:
• Tetraethylenepentamine-UHP (tepa-UHP)
• thermoplastic resin is selected from the group consisting of a polyester, a polyolefin, a nylon, a polyurethane, polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, an acrylic, polybutylene, polylactic acid, PTT, a silicon and mixtures thereof.
• said polymeric wax is selected from the group consisting of homopolymers, oxidized homopolymers, high density oxidized homopolymers and co-polymers of polyethylene, polypropylene and ionomer waxes, micronized polyolefin waxes and mixtures thereof, as well as co-polymers of ethylene-acrylic acid and ethylene-vinyl acetate.
• waxes selected from the group consisting of a polypropylene wax marketed by Clariant as Licowax PP 230, an oxidized polyethylene wax marketed by Clariant as Licowax PED 521, an oxidized polyethylene wax marketed by Clariant as Licowax PED 121, as well as an ethylene homopolymer wax marketed by BASF as Luwax®.
• a process for preparing an antimicrobial, antifungal and antiviral polymeric material comprising preparing a slurry of a thermoplastic resin, introducing a powder consisting essentially of water insoluble cationic copper oxides and dispersing the same in said slurry in combination with a polymeric wax and an agent for occupying the charge of said ionic copper oxide and then extruding said slurry to form a polymeric material wherein discreet water insoluble copper oxide particles that release Cu ++ are formed and incorporated therein with a portion of said particles being exposed and protruding from surfaces thereof.
• Preferably said combination of ingredients is carried out with high intensity mixing for a period of about 5-15 minutes and at a temperature of between 120° C. and 180° C.
• said process comprises combining between about 4% and 83% of a thermoplastic resin, about 10%-60% on a weight basis of water insoluble particles of ionic copper oxide, between about 1% and 30% of a polymeric wax, and between about 1% and 6% of an agent for occupying the charge of said ionic copper oxide.
• said agent is selected from the group consisting of a chelating agent and a metal deactivating agent.
• said agent is selected from the group consisting of a metal deactivating phosphyte, a phenolic antioxidant, potassium iodide, potassium bromide, calcium stearate, zinc stearate, aluminium stearate, tertiary chain extenders and combinations thereof.
• said agent is a metal deactivator.
• said agent is a phenolic antioxidant.
• thermoplastic resin is selected from the group consisting of a polyester, a polyolefin, a nylon, a polyurethane, polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, an acrylic, polybutylene, polylactic acid, PTT, a silicon and mixtures thereof.
• said polymeric wax is preferably selected from the group consisting of consisting of homopolymers and co-polymers of polyethylene, polypropylene and lonomer waxes, and mixtures thereof.
• an antimicrobial, antifungal and antiviral polymeric material whenever produced according to the process defined and claimed herein, said material being in the form of a fiber, a yarn, or a sheet and comprising an antimicrobial, antifungal and antiviral agent consisting essentially of discreet water insoluble ionic copper oxide particles that release Cu ++ incorporated therein with a portion of said particles being exposed and protruding from surfaces thereof.
• the ionic copper comprises a mixture of CuO and Cu 2 O.
• said particles are of a size of between 0.2 to 20 microns.
• said particles are present in an amount of between 0.25 and 5% of the polymer weight.
• thermoplastic resin is a single polymeric component.
• said polymeric material is manufactured in the form of a short staple fiber.
• the invention also provides a blended yarn incorporating fibers produced according to the process of the present invention.
• bi-component yarn wherein at least one of the components is an antimicrobial and antiviral polymeric material produced according to the process of the present invention.
• the invention also provides an article of clothing incorporating a yarn which includes an antimicrobial and antiviral polymeric material produced according to the process of the present invention.
• Also provided according to the present invention is a wrapping material comprising an antimicrobial polymeric material produced according to the process of the present invention.
• a carpet having an antimicrobial and antiviral polymeric material produced according to the process of the present invention incorporated into a backing layer thereof.
• the invention also provides a non-woven molded product having an antimicrobial and antiviral polymeric material produced according to the process of the present invention incorporated therein.
• said non-woven molded product is air permeable, and can be either hydrophobic or hydrophilic by post treatment of the finished non-woven material.
• said non-woven molded product is liquid permeable.
• textile fabrics for combating nosocomial infections in health care facilities said fabric incorporating a fiber, a yarn, or a sheet and comprising an antimicrobial and antiviral agent consisting essentially of discreet water insoluble copper oxide particles that release Cu ++ incorporated therein with a portion of said particles being exposed and protruding from surfaces thereof whenever produced according to the process of the present invention.
• the present invention is also directed to the use of a polymeric material produced from a master batch as defined and claimed herein, for inhibition of HIV-1 proliferation.
• the present invention is also directed to the use of a polymeric material produced from a master batch as defined and claimed herein for neutralizing infectious viruses.
• condoms, catheters, filters and gloves whenever produced from a master batch according to the present invention.
• non-woven fabrics whenever produced from a polymeric master batch comprising a thermoplastic resin, water insoluble particles of ionic copper oxide, a polymeric wax and an agent for occupying the charge of said ionic copper oxide.
• disposable diapers incorporating a non-woven fabric as defined above.
• disposable hospital and operating theatre products for combating viral infections said products incorporating fibers produced from a master batch as defined above wherein said fibers are effective for the inactivation of viruses and fluids brought in contact therewith.
• said products are selected from the group consisting of disposable scrubs, barriers, clothing, masks, shoe covers and caps.
• said fibers are disposed in said products as randomly scattered fibers in a non-woven textile.
• the invention also provides a device for the inactivation of a virus comprising a housing delimiting a fluid passageway, said passageway being provided with a filtering material including polymeric fibers comprising an antimicrobial, antifungal and antiviral agent consisting essentially of discreet water insoluble ionic copper oxide particles that release Cu ++ incorporated therein with a portion of said particles being exposed and protruding from surfaces thereof, wherein said fibers are produced from a master batch according to the present invention.
• a filtering material including polymeric fibers comprising an antimicrobial, antifungal and antiviral agent consisting essentially of discreet water insoluble ionic copper oxide particles that release Cu ++ incorporated therein with a portion of said particles being exposed and protruding from surfaces thereof, wherein said fibers are produced from a master batch according to the present invention.
• said fluid is either a liquid or air containing breath moisture.
• said discreet ionic water insoluble copper particles are incorporated in fibers in a non-woven fabric.
• a device for inactivating a virus found in cells in body fluids comprising a filtering material including polymeric fibers comprising an antimicrobial, antifungal and antiviral agent consisting essentially of discreet water insoluble ionic copper oxide particles that release Cu ++ incorporated therein with a portion of said particles being exposed and protruding from surfaces thereof, wherein said fibers are produced from a master batch according to the present invention.
• the polymeric material of the present invention can be in the form of a film, a fiber, or a yarn, wherein said films can be used per se, e.g. for wrapping and for forming articles of manufacture such as gloves, condoms, blood storage bags, catheters and other forms of tubing or can be cut into fine strips, woven into a substrate to form a backing for a carpet by punching said substrate with carpet pile.
• Said fibers and yarns can be formed into a packaging material for agricultural products or into a non-woven molded product, such as a non-woven mask, an air filter for a hospital or airplane, or a gauze.
• the polymeric materials of the present invention can be mixed with other fibers or materials and used to prepare feminine hygiene products, diapers, shoe-lining material, articles of clothing, sheets, pillow cases, barrier fabrics, etc.
• said polymer can be in a continuous, flat, textured or stretched form which can be used in articles of clothing, etc.
• Said material can be made from almost any thermoplastic polymer, which will allow the introduction of an cationic, copper oxide particles into its liquid slurry state.
• examples of some materials are polyester, a polyolefin, a nylon, a polyurethane, polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, an acrylic, polybutylene, polylactic acid, PTT, a silicon and mixtures thereof.
• the copper oxide dust is ground down to fine powder, e.g., a size of between 0.2 and 20 microns and introduced into the slurry in small quantities, e.
• said polymeric material is manufactured in the form of a short staple fiber and the present invention is also directed to a blended yarn incorporating such fibers.
• a bi-component yarn wherein at least one of the components is an antimicrobial and antiviral polymeric material produced from the master batch of the present invention.
• the present invention also provides an article of clothing incorporating a yarn which includes an antimicrobial and antiviral polymeric material produced from the master batch of the present invention.
• pigments can be added to the master batch as defined herein, in order to form a paint, as known per se, with the added properties of being antifungal and antibacterial, and therefore being useful in healthcare settings, as well as for preventing mold formation in all settings.
• the polymeric materials produced from a master batch as defined herein can be incorporated into therapeutic and cosmetic topical creams, lotions and ointments by methods known per se, including encapsulating the same with time release coatings.
• Encapsulation technologies abound in the market place. Methods for preparing a controlled, delayed release encapsulate triggered by a time release, or pressure release or dissolving release of the encapsulate are common in both the food/medicine and cosmetic industries. These encapsulates are usually made from a water insoluble matrix which are applied to a ground solid base targeted powder, the introduction of the insoluble matrix in liquid form is exposed to the base powder which it coats. This coating will prevent elusion of the base powder and will not dissolve under the hydrolytic condition of an oil or hand cream or food additive until they are rubbed in the hands and burst in the case of the hand cream or chewed in the case of the medicine. These types of techniques are common in many industries for chemical time release and are well known to those familiar with these arts.
• the polymer has microscopic water insoluble particles of cationic copper oxide incorporated therein with a portion of said particles being exposed and protruding from surfaces thereof. These exposed particles which protrude from the surface of the polymeric material have been shown to be active.
• antimicrobial compositions comprising an inorganic particle with a first coating providing antimicrobial properties and a second coating providing a protective function wherein said first coating can be silver or copper or compounds of silver, copper and zinc and preferred are compounds containing silver and copper (II) oxide.
• Said patent is based on the complicated and expensive process involving the coating of the metallic compositions with a secondary protective coating selected from silica, silicates, borosilicates, aluminosilicates, alumina, aluminum phosphate, or mixtures thereof and in fact all the claims are directed to compositions having successive coatings including silica, hydrous alumina and dioctyl azelate.
• the present invention is directed to the use and preparation of a polymeric material, having microscopic discreet water insoluble particles of cationic copper oxide in powder form, which release Cu ++ incorporated therein with a portion of said particles being exposed and protruding from surfaces thereof, which is neither taught nor suggested by said publication and which has the advantage that the exposed Cu ++ releasing water insoluble particles which protrude from the polymeric material have been proven to be effective even in the inhibition of HIV-1 activity.
• EP 427858 there is described an antibacterial composition characterized in that inorganic fine particles are coated with an antibacterial metal and/or antibacterial metal compound and said patent does not teach or suggest a polymer that incorporates discreet microscopic water insoluble particles of cationic copper oxide in powder form, which release Cu ++ encapsulated therein with a portion of said particles being exposed and protruding from surfaces thereof.
• JP-01 046465 there is described a condom releasing sterilizing ions utilizing metals selected from copper, silver, mercury and their alloys which metals have a sterilizing and sperm killing effect, wherein the metal is preferably finely powdered copper.
• copper salts such as copper chloride, copper sulfate and copper nitrate are also mentioned, as is known, these are water soluble salts which will dissolve and break down the polymer in which they are introduced.
• cuprous oxide is specifically mentioned, this is a Cu + ionic form, and not the Cu ++ form.
• said patent also does not teach or suggest the use of discreet, exposed, Cu ++ releasing water insoluble particles which protrude from the polymeric material and which have been proven to be effective in the reduction of oral bacteria.
• JP-01 246204 there is described an antimicrobial molded article in which a mixture of a powdery copper compound and organic polysiloxane are dispersed into a thermoplastic molded article for the preparation of cloth, socks, etc.
• Said patent specifically states and teaches that metal ions cannot be introduced by themselves into a polymer molecule and requires the inclusion of organopolysiloxane which is also intended to provide a connecting path for the release of copper ions to the fiber surface.
• the copper powder is introduced simultaneously with the organopolysiloxane which results in the copper being cross-linked within the polymeric material and not existing as discreet free water insoluble particles of copper oxide that protrude from the polymeric material and release Cu ++ .
• Oyamada did not describe or teach the use of a polymeric wax and an agent for occupying the charge of cupric oxide in the master batch and the advantages inherent therein.
• JP-03 113011 there is described a fiber having good antifungus and hygienic action preferably for producing underwear wherein said synthetic fiber contains copper or a copper compound in combination with germanium or a compound thereof, however, said patent teaches and requires the presence of a major portion of germanium and the copper compounds disclose therein are preferably metallic copper, cuprous iodide which is a monovalent Cu + compound and water soluble copper salts. Thus, said patent does not teach or suggest the use of exposed Cu ++ releasing water insoluble copper oxide particles which protrude from the polymeric material or teach the use of a polymeric wax and an agent for occupying the charge of cupric oxide in the master batch and the advantages inherent therein.
• EP 253653 there is described and claimed a polymer containing amorphous aluminosilicate particles comprising an organic polymer and amorphous aluminosilicate solid particles or amorphous aluminosilicate solid particles treated with a coating agent, at least some of said amorphous aluminosilicate solid particles holding metal ions having a bactericidal actions.
• said patent does not teach or suggest the use of exposed Cu ++ releasing water insoluble copper oxide particles, by themselves and in the absence of amorphous aluminosilicate particles, which exposed Cu ++ releasing water insoluble copper oxide particles, protrude from the polymeric material, or teach the use of a polymeric wax and an agent for occupying the charge of cupric oxide in the master batch and the advantages inherent therein
• Silver does not have the same reduction capacity of copper in latex and will therefore have a much smaller effect on the linkage.
• the appearance of any copper oxide at all is known to reduce zinc and to weaken the bond. This reduction would have the effect of weakening the latex and would render the latex too weak to be used for normal commercial uses.
• If the inventor were to substitute copper or copper oxide for the silver in the formula discussed he would find an unsuccessful creation of a latex product. The product simply would have no elasticity or strength. No one has yet been able to add a copper compound to latex and still retain the same qualities as when it has no additives. Therefore this patent does not teach or suggest a polymeric batch as defined herein.
• U.S. Pat. No. 5,976,562 to Krall et al. relates to a process for producing bactericidal/fungicidal plastic bodies.
• a process for producing bactericidal/fungicidal plastic bodies there is a discussion regarding the formation of a thin film on a plastic which contains a metal oxide thus imparting an antimicrobial quality to the injection molded plastic part.
• the coating is the actual metal oxide which is used to line the inside of a mold so that when the plastic is injected into the mold the metal oxide is incorporated on the outside layer of the object.
• the copper metal oxide is encapsulated and is incorporated into the actual polymer, and not just as an outside coating, as taught and suggested by this reference.
• US Patent Application No: 2004/0259973 to Sakuma et al describes and claims antibacterial composite particles and an antibacterial resin composition comprising a thermoplastic polymer based material and a phosphate salt compound.
• a preferred embodiment comprises a phosphate salt compound carrier having an antibacterial metal carried thereon, wherein said antibacterial metal is selected from silver, copper and zinc.
• the metal oxide is attached to a ceramic compound in order to allow its inclusion in a master batch.
• the inorganic particles are formed by carrying a metallic ion on an inorganic ceramic carrier. Since the above patent application is limited to the teaching of the use of a ceramic carrier and the necessary inclusion of a phosphate salt and since the present invention does not use the same said publication is relating to a completely different technology than that described and taught in the present specification.
• US Patent Application No: 2005/0065231 to Sasaki et al is directed to inorganic antimicrobial agents, antimicrobial molded resin articles using the same and processes for the production thereof.
• the inorganic antibacterial particles preferably comprise a metal and inorganic carrier and include a metal selected from silver, copper, zinc, gold, platinum and nickel.
• the inorganic antibacterial particles comprise calcium phosphate carrying at least one metal selected from silver and zinc.
• the metals are elemental metals, not metal oxides.
• they are attached to a ceramic compound which acts as a carrier.
• the present invention does not use an elemental metal nor does it involve the use of a ceramic carrier for the creation of the active compound in a master batch.
• the density of each polymer is controlled by the amount of water in the compound.
• water is a forbidden element as it destroys the ability of the polymer to link.
• U.S. Pat. No. 5,503,840 Jacobson et al is directed to antimicrobial compositions consisting essentially of coated core particles, wherein the core particles consist essentially of a mixture of at least two members selected from the group consisting of titania, barium sulphate and zinc oxides, wherein said core particles are successively with successive coatings of silver and further coatings of zinc and/or copper compounds such as zinc oxide, copper oxide and a series of other coatings.
• the present invention is directed to the use of a powder consisting essentially of water insoluble cationic copper oxides as a stand-alone compound functioning as the sole active ingredient and does not involve a coating combined with a combination of different anti-microbials in a polymer.
• said patent is also very different than the subject matter of the present invention and does not teach or suggest the same.
• U.S. Pat. No. 5,180,585 to Jacobson et al discloses an antimicrobial powder composition comprising inorganic particles having a primary surface coating having a metal or metal compound and a secondary coating providing a protective function such as silica and alumina or alumina by itself.
• said patent is directed to an inorganic particle with a first coating providing antimicrobial properties and a second coating providing a protective function which secondary coating functions as a barrier between the antimicrobial particle and a polymer matrix in which it may be incorporated for minimizing interactions with the polymer.
• the present invention is directed to water insoluble particles of ionic copper oxide which are directly incorporated within the polymeric master batch without any protective coating or core element.
• Said components were subjected to high intensity mixing for 2 to 10 minutes at a temperature of 80 to 150° C. and then extruded through a twin screw extruder.
• copper oxide 10-60% on a weight basis 1. copper oxide 10-60% on a weight basis 2. a polymer wax type material consisting 1 to 30% of homopolymers and co-polymers of polyethylene, polypropylene and Ionomer waxes, and mixtures thereof. 3. thermoplastic resin 4-83% 4. Irgafoss 3114 (a phenolic antioxidant) 1-6%
• Said components were subjected to high intensity mixing for 2 to 10 minutes at a temperature of 80 to 150° C. and then extruded through a twin screw extruder.
• the difference between the normal process of manufacturing polymeric products and the process of the present invention is the addition of microscopic Cu ++ releasing water insoluble particles into the polymeric raw materials in the presence of a polyethylene wax and in the presence of an agent for occupying the charge of the cupric oxide.

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