Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
  • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
  • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
  • C10M133/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M133/12—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
  • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
  • C10M133/38—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
  • C10M133/44—Five-membered ring containing nitrogen and carbon only
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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
  • C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
  • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
  • C10M2215/223—Five-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/02—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds
  • C10M2219/022—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds of hydrocarbons, e.g. olefines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
  • C10M2219/104—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen in the ring
  • C10M2219/106—Thiadiazoles
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/12—Inhibition of corrosion, e.g. anti-rust agents or anti-corrosives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
  • C10N2030/42—Phosphor free or low phosphor content compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
  • C10N2030/44—Boron free or low content boron compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
  • C10N2040/252—Diesel engines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
  • C10N2040/252—Diesel engines
  • C10N2040/253—Small diesel engines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
  • C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines

Definitions

• the present disclosure is directed to additive and lubricant compositions and methods for use thereof. More particularly, this invention is directed to an additive composition comprising a synergistic combination comprising (i) a triazole compound, and (ii) a nitrogen-containing compound.
• Diesel engines are used in a variety of applications and lubricant compositions for use in diesel engines are well known.
• the medium speed diesel engines which are used in applications where thousands of horsepower (e.g., 2000 to 10,000 horsepower) are needed.
• these engines run at a speed of about 100 to about 1,200 rpm. This demanding environment results in oxidation of the oil, which can result in corrosion of the metals present in the engine.
• Medium speed diesel engines are unique among diesel engines generally because these engines frequently have silver parts, such as silver bearings.
• lubricating compositions intended for use in medium speed diesel engines must be formulated with specialized silver protecting agents in order that silver bearings in the engine are not attacked either by the additives in the oil or by the decomposition products produced during extended engine operation.
• Such agents often referred to as silver lubricity agents, protect against extreme pressure, wear and corrosion.
• a typical engine lubricating composition might comprise extreme pressure agents and antiwear agents.
• the most commonly used extreme pressure and antiwear agents are sulfur-containing compounds, such as zinc dialkyldithiophosphates (ZDDP).
• ZDDP zinc dialkyldithiophosphates
• an additive composition comprising (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety, with the proviso that the triazole compound is not an alkyl bis-3-amino-1,2,4-triazole; (ii) a nitrogen-containing compound represented by the formula:
• R 1 and R 2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro, and sulfono
• a lubricant composition comprising a major amount of a base oil; and a minor amount of a synergistic additive composition comprising (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety, with the proviso that the triazole compound is not an alkyl bis-3-amino-1,2,4-triazole; and (ii) a nitrogen-containing compound represented by the formula:
• R 1 and R 2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro, and sulfono.
• a lubricant composition comprising an additive composition comprising (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety, with the proviso that the triazole compound is not an alkyl bis-3-amino-1,2,4-triazole; and (ii) a nitrogen-containing compound represented by the formula:
• R 1 and R 2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro, and sulfono.
• a method of improving oxidation protection of a lubricant composition comprising: providing to a machine a lubricant composition comprising a major amount of a base oil; and a minor amount of a additive composition comprising (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety, with the proviso that the triazole compound is not an alkyl bis-3-amino-1,2,4-triazole; and (ii) a nitrogen-containing compound represented by the formula:
• R 1 and R 2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro, and sulfono.
• a method for operating a machine comprising adding a lubricating composition comprising a major amount of a base oil; and a minor amount of an additive composition comprising (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety, with the proviso that the triazole compound is not an alkyl bis-3-amino-1,2,4-triazole; and (ii) a nitrogen-containing compound represented by the formula:
• R 1 and R 2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro, and sulfono.
• a method of lubricating at least one moving part of a machine comprising contacting at least one moving part with a lubricant composition comprising a major amount of a base oil and a minor amount of a synergistic additive composition comprising: (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety, with the proviso that the triazole compound is not an alkyl bis-3-amino-1,2,4-triazole; and (ii) a nitrogen-containing compound represented by the formula:
• R 1 and R 2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro, and sulfono.
• the present disclosure generally relates to a lubricant composition
• a lubricant composition comprising a major amount of a base oil and a minor amount of an additive composition comprising (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety, with the proviso that the triazole compound is not an alkyl bis-3-amino-1,2,4-triazole; and (ii) a nitrogen-containing compound represented by the formula:
• R 1 and R 2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro, and sulfono.
• major amount is understood to mean an amount greater than or equal to 50 wt. %, for example from about 80 to about 98 wt. % relative to the total weight of the composition.
• minor amount is understood to mean an amount less than 50 wt. % relative to the total weight of the composition.
• aromatic refers to the typical substituted or unsubstituted non-aliphatic hydrocarbyl or heterocyclic moieties of this class, e.g., a polyunsaturated, typically aromatic, hydrocarbyl cyclical, or heterocyclic, substituent, which can have a single ring or multiple rings (up to three rings) that are fused together or linked covalently.
• Typical hydrocarbyl aromatic moieties include phenyl, naphthyl, biphenylenyl, phenanthrenyl, phenalenyl, and the like. Such moieties are optionally substituted with one or more hydrocarbyl substituents.
• aryl moieties substituted by other aryl moieties such as biphenyl.
• Heterocyclic aryl or aromatic moieties refers to unsaturated cyclical moieties containing carbon atoms in the ring and additionally one or more hetero atoms, which are typically oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and/or phosphorus, such as pyridyl, thienyl, furyl, thiazolyl, pyranyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazinyl, thiazolyl, etc.
• Such moieties are optionally substituted with one or more substituents such as hydroxy, optionally substituted lower alkyl, optionally substituted lower alkoxy, amino, amide, ester moieties and carbonyl moieties (e.g., aldehyde or ketonic moieties).
• substituents such as hydroxy, optionally substituted lower alkyl, optionally substituted lower alkoxy, amino, amide, ester moieties and carbonyl moieties (e.g., aldehyde or ketonic moieties).
• alkaryl refers to an alkyl moiety substituted by the typical substituted or unsubstituted non-aliphatic hydrocarbyl or heterocyclic moieties described above.
• Typical aryl moieties include phenyl, naphthyl, benzyl, and the like. Such moieties are optionally substituted with one or more substituents such as hydroxy, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkoxy, amino, amide, ester moieties and carbonyl moieties (e.g., aldehyde or ketonic moieties).
• hydrocarbon hydrocarbyl or “hydrocarbon based” mean that the moiety being described has predominantly hydrocarbon character within the context of this invention.
• moieties that are purely hydrocarbon in nature, that is, they contain only carbon and hydrogen. They can also include moieties containing substituents or atoms which do not alter the predominantly hydrocarbon character of the moiety. Such substituents can include halo-, alkoxy-, nitro-, etc.
• substituents can include halo-, alkoxy-, nitro-, etc.
• These moieties also can contain hetero atoms. Suitable hetero atoms will be apparent to those skilled in the art and include, for example, sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus. Therefore, while remaining predominantly hydrocarbon in character within the context of this invention, these moieties can contain atoms other than carbon present in a chain or ring otherwise composed of carbon atoms.
• the term “synergy” and its grammatical variations refer to the interaction of elements that, when combined, produce a total effect greater than the sum of the individual elements.
• a triazole compound suitable for use in the compositions of the present disclosure can be any triazole substituted with an aryl moiety, with the exception of an alkyl bis-3-amino-1,2,4-triazole.
• the triazole compound is a 1,2,3-triazole compound. In other embodiments the triazole compound is a 1,2,4-triazole compound.
• the triazole compound can be substituted with a substituted or unsubstituted aryl moiety comprising a single ring or multiple rings, for example covalently linked rings.
• substituted aryl moieties comprising covalently linked rings include biphenyl, 1,1′-binaphthyl, p,p′-bitolyl, biphenylenyl, and the like.
• the aryl moiety can comprise multiple fused rings.
• Non-limiting examples of aryl moieties comprising multiple fused rings include naphthyl, anthryl, pyrenyl, phenanthrenyl, phenalenyl, and the like.
• the aryl moiety can comprise a single ring covalently linked to the triazole.
• aryl moieties comprising a single ring covalently linked to the triazole include phenyl and the like.
• the aryl moiety can comprise a single ring fused to the triazole.
• a non-limiting example of such a compound includes benzotriazole.
• An example of a commercially available triazole compound suitable for use herein is a benzotriazole, which is an off-white solid having a melting point ranging from 95-99° C., a flashpoint of 170° C., and a water solubility of 25 g/L at 20° C.
• the triazole compound can be combined/reacted/mixed with other additives in order to increase its solubility in a composition.
• the triazole compound can be represented by formula (I) below:
• R 3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and at least one alkyl moiety comprising from about 1 to about 24 carbon atoms
• R 4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, at least one alkyl moiety comprising from about 1 to about 24 carbon atoms, and a substituted hydrocarbyl moiety.
• R 3 and R 4 of the triazole compound represented by formula (I) can each independently comprise from about 1 to about 16 carbon atoms.
• the triazole compound can be present in the lubricant and additive compositions in any effective amount, which can be readily determined by one of ordinary skill in the art. Moreover, the triazole compound can be present in any synergistic effective amount.
• the lubricating composition of the present disclosure can comprise from about 0.01 wt. % to about 10 wt. %, and for example from about 0.05 wt. % to about 0.5 wt. %, of the triazole compound, relative to the total weight of the lubricating composition.
• the additive composition of the present disclosure can comprise from about 0.01 wt. % to about 3 wt. % of the triazole compound, relative to the total weight of the additive composition.
• the disclosed compositions can also comprise a nitrogen-containing compound.
• a nitrogen-containing compound suitable for use herein can be represented by formula (II) below:
• R 1 and R 2 can each be independently selected from the group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro, and sulfono.
• R 1 and R 2 of the nitrogen-containing compound can both comprise an aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms.
• aryl moieties include alkphenyl of phenyl, benzyl, naphthyl, and alkaryl.
• R 1 and R 2 can each independently comprise alkaryl, such as alkphenyl or alknaphthyl, wherein the alkyl moiety comprises from about 4 to about 30, and for example from about 4 to about 12, carbon atoms.
• R 1 and R 2 can each independently comprise a substituted or unsubstituted aryl moiety.
• substituents for the aryl moiety can include an alkyl moiety comprising from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, hydroxyl, carboxyl, and nitro moieties.
• R 1 and R 2 can each independently be an alkyl substituted benzyl, phenyl, or naphthyl.
• nitrogen-containing compounds that are suitable include: phenylamine; diphenylamine; triphenylamine; various alkylated phenylamines, diphenylamines and triphenylamines; N,N′-bis(4-aminophenyl)-alkylamine; 3-hydroxydiphenylamine; N-phenyl-1,2-phenylenediamine; N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine; dibutyldiphenylamine; dioctyldiphenylamine; dinonyldiphenylamine; phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine; phenyl-beta-naphtylamine; diheptyldiphenylamine; and p-oriented styrenated diphenylamine. Additional non-limiting examples of suitable nitrogen-containing compounds and their methods of preparation include those in U.S. Pat. No. 6,218,576, which descriptions are incorporated herein by
• the nitrogen-containing compounds used herein can comprise a structure other than that shown above in formula (II) which shows but one nitrogen atom in the molecule.
• the nitrogen-containing compound can comprise a different structure provided that at least one nitrogen has at least one aryl moiety attached thereto, e.g., as in the case of various diamines having a secondary nitrogen atom as well as an aryl attached to one of the nitrogens.
• the nitrogen-containing compounds used herein can have antioxidant properties in the disclosed compositions when used alone but can also demonstrate synergistic properties in the presence of a triazole compound described herein.
• the oxidation protection afforded by the triazole compound and/or the nitrogen-containing compound alone can be significantly enhanced if these materials are present in the disclosed lubricant compositions, thereby demonstrating synergism.
• the synergy can allow a lower treat rate of the additive composition needed to achieve a desired level of achieving oxidation protection than would otherwise be required if either the triazole compound or nitrogen-containing compound were to be used alone.
• the nitrogen-containing compounds used herein should be soluble in a final lubricant composition.
• the amount of the nitrogen-containing compound in the disclosed compositions can vary depending upon specific requirements and applications.
• the nitrogen-containing compound can be present in a synergistic effective amount.
• the lubricating composition of the present disclosure can comprise from about 0.01 wt. % to about 10 wt. %, and for example from about 0.3 wt. % to about 3 wt. %, of the nitrogen-containing compound, relative to the total weight of the lubricating composition.
• the additive compositions of the present disclosure can comprise from about 0.07 wt. % to about 33 wt. % of the nitrogen-containing compound, relative to the total weight of the additive composition.
• compositions disclosed herein can optionally contain additives, such as dispersants, ash-containing detergents, ashless-detergents, overbased detergents, pour point depressing agents, viscosity index modifiers, ash-containing friction modifiers, ashless friction modifiers, nitrogen-containing friction modifiers, nitrogen-free friction modifiers, esterified friction modifiers, extreme pressure agents, rust inhibitors, antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, anti-foam agents, titanium compounds, titanium complexes, organic soluble molybdenum compounds, organic soluble molybdenum complexes, boron-containing compounds, boron-containing complexes, tungsten-containing compounds, tungsten-containing complexes, and combinations thereof.
• the compositions can comprise various levels of at least one titanium-containing compound depending on the needs and requirements of the application.
• the compositions can comprise various levels of at least one molybdenum-containing compound depending on the needs and requirements of the application.
• the lubricant compositions of the present application can be essentially free, such as devoid, of compounds containing free active sulfur.
• active sulfur is defined as sulfur containing compounds which would substantially react with machine parts to form metal sulfides at normal engine running temperatures ranging from about 100° C. to below about 400° C. Active sulfur is distinguished from non-active sulfur, which does not substantially react at temperatures under 400° C., but which may sufficiently react to form metal sulfides at temperatures above 400° C. so as to protect engine parts under extreme pressure conditions, or where boundary conditions exist.
• temperatures significantly above 400° can occur at various positions in engines that typically operate at lower temperatures, such as below 400° C., due to these boundary regions and extreme pressure regions.
• boundary regions and extreme pressure regions can occur, for example, when a particular engine part, such as a bearing, is placed under load.
• Non-active sulfur compounds can be employed that will react to protect engine parts as these higher temperatures, while not substantially reacting at the generally lower engine operating temperatures.
• ZDDP zinc dialkyldithiophosphate
• the lubricant compositions of the present application are substantially free, such as devoid, of compounds containing phosphorus.
• the compositions of the present application can be substantially free of compounds containing boron. It can be desirable to omit phosphorus and/or boron containing compounds from formulations of the present application so that these elements can be used as markers to indicate lubricant contamination.
• railroad engine oils are generally formulated to be free of phosphorus and boron. While in use, the oils are periodically checked for phosphorus and/or boron, the presence of which can indicate that the oil has been contaminated with e.g., ZDDP or, in the case of boron, boron containing coolants, during engine operation.
• the phosphorus and/or boron act as markers to indicate contamination of the lubricant.
• substantially free is meant that the composition comprises only trace amounts of phosphorus and/or boron, so that concentrations of these elements will have substantially no effect on the ability of phosphorus and boron to be used as markers.
• Base oils suitable for use in formulating the disclosed compositions can be selected from any of the synthetic or mineral oils or mixtures thereof.
• Mineral oils include animal oils and vegetable oils (e.g., castor oil, lard oil) as well as other mineral lubricating oils such as liquid petroleum oils and solvent treated or acid-treated mineral lubricating oils of the paraffinic, naphthenic or mixed paraffinic-naphthenic types. Oils derived from coal or shale are also suitable. Further, oils derived from a gas-to-liquid process are also suitable.
• the base oil can be present in a major amount, wherein “major amount” is understood to mean greater than or equal to 50%, for example from about 80 to about 98 percent by weight of the lubricant composition.
• the base oil can have any desired viscosity that is suitable for the intended purpose.
• suitable engine oil kinematic viscosities can range from about 2 to about 150 cSt and, as a further example, from about 5 to about 15 cSt at 100° C.
• base oils can be rated to have viscosity ranges of about SAE 15 to about SAE 250, and as a further example, from about SAE 20W to about SAE 50.
• Suitable automotive oils also include multi-grade oils such as 15W-40, 20W-50, 75W-140, 80W-90, 85W-140, 85W-90, and the like.
• Non-limiting examples of synthetic oils include hydrocarbon oils such as polymerized and interpolymerized olefins (e.g., polybutylenes, polypropylenes, propylene isobutylene copolymers, etc.); polyalphaolefins such as poly(1-hexenes), poly-(1-octenes), poly(1-decenes), etc.
• hydrocarbon oils such as polymerized and interpolymerized olefins (e.g., polybutylenes, polypropylenes, propylene isobutylene copolymers, etc.); polyalphaolefins such as poly(1-hexenes), poly-(1-octenes), poly(1-decenes), etc.
• alkylbenzenes e.g., dodecylbenzenes, tetradecylbenzenes, di-nonylbenzenes, di-(2-ethylhexyl)benzenes, etc.
• polyphenyls e.g., biphenyls, terphenyl, alkylated polyphenyls, etc.
• Alkylene oxide polymers and interpolymers and derivatives thereof where the terminal hydroxyl moieties have been modified by esterification, etherification, etc. constitute another class of known synthetic oils that can be used.
• Such oils are exemplified by the oils prepared through polymerization of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, the alkyl and aryl ethers of these polyoxyalkylene polymers (e.g., methyl-polyisopropylene glycol ether having an average molecular weight of about 1000, diphenyl ether of polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of about 500-1000, diethyl ether of polypropylene glycol having a molecular weight of about 1000-1500, etc.) or mono- and polycarboxylic esters thereof, for example, the acetic acid esters, mixed C 3-8 fatty acid esters, or the C 13 Oxo acid diester of tetraethylene glycol.
• esters of dicarboxylic acids e.g., phthalic acid, succinic acid, alkyl succinic acids, alkenyl succinic acids, maleic acid, azelaic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, linoleic acid dimer, malonic acid, alkyl malonic acids, alkenyl malonic acids, etc.
• alcohols e.g., butyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol monoether, propylene glycol, etc.
• these esters include dibutyl adipate, di(2-ethylhexyl)sebacate, di-n-hexyl fumarate, dioctyl sebacate, diisooctyl azelate, diisodecy
• Esters useful as synthetic oils also include those made from C 5-12 monocarboxylic acids and polyols and polyol ethers such as neopentyl glycol, trimethylol propane, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, etc.
• the base oil used which can be used to make the compositions as described herein can be selected from any of the base oils in Groups I-V as specified in the American Petroleum Institute (API) Base Oil Interchangeability Guidelines.
• Such base oil groups are as follows:
• Group I contain less than 90% saturates and/or greater than 0.03% sulfur and have a viscosity index greater than or equal to 80 and less than 120;
• Group II contain greater than or equal to 90% saturates and less than or equal to 0.03% sulfur and have a viscosity index greater than or equal to 80 and less than 120;
• Group III contain greater than or equal to 90% saturates and less than or equal to 0.03% sulfur and have a viscosity index greater than or equal to 120;
• Group IV are polyalphaolefins (PAO); and
• Group V include all other basestocks not included in Group I, II, III or IV.
• test methods used in defining the above groups are ASTM D2007 for saturates; ASTM D2270 for viscosity index; and one of ASTM D2622, 4294, 4927 and 3120 for sulfur.
• Group IV basestocks i.e. polyalphaolefins (PAO) include hydrogenated oligomers of an alpha-olefin, the most important methods of oligomerisation being free radical processes, Ziegler catalysis, and cationic, Friedel-Crafts catalysis.
• PAO polyalphaolefins
• the polyalphaolefins typically have viscosities in the range of 2 to 100 cSt at 100° C., for example 4 to 8 cSt at 100° C. They can, for example, be oligomers of branched or straight chain alpha-olefins having from about 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, non-limiting examples include polypropenes, polyisobutenes, poly-1-butenes, poly-1-hexenes, poly-1-octenes and poly-1-decene. Included are homopolymers, interpolymers and mixtures.
• a “Group I basestock” also includes a Group I basestock with which basestock(s) from one or more other groups can be admixed, provided that the resulting admixture has characteristics falling within those specified above for Group I basestocks.
• Exemplary basestocks include Group I basestocks and mixtures of Group II basestocks with Group I bright stock.
• Basestocks suitable for use herein can be made using a variety of different processes including but not limited to distillation, solvent refining, hydrogen processing, oligomerisation, esterification, and re-refining.
• the base oil can be an oil derived from Fischer-Tropsch synthesized hydrocarbons.
• Fischer-Tropsch synthesized hydrocarbons can be made from synthesis gas containing H 2 and CO using a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst.
• Such hydrocarbons typically require further processing in order to be useful as the base oil.
• the hydrocarbons can be hydroisomerized using processes disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,103,099 or 6,180,575; hydrocracked and hydroisomerized using processes disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,943,672 or 6,096,940; dewaxed using processes disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,882,505; or hydroisomerized and dewaxed using processes disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,013,171; 6,080,301; or 6,165,949.
• Unrefined, refined and rerefined oils either mineral or synthetic (as well as mixtures of two or more of any of these) of the type disclosed hereinabove can be used in the base oils.
• Unrefined oils are those obtained directly from a mineral or synthetic source without further purification treatment.
• a shale oil obtained directly from retorting operations a petroleum oil obtained directly from primary distillation or ester oil obtained directly from an esterification process and used without further treatment would be an unrefined oil.
• Refined oils are similar to the unrefined oils except they have been further treated in one or more purification steps to improve one or more properties.
• Rerefined oils are obtained by processes similar to those used to obtain refined oils applied to refined oils which have been already used in service. Such rerefined oils are also known as reclaimed or reprocessed oils and often are additionally processed by techniques directed to removal of spent additives, contaminants, and oil breakdown products.
• the term “improving oxidation protection” is understood to mean enhancing the oxidation protection that a composition can provide to a machine, e.g., reducing the amount of infrared carbonyl absorption and/or reducing the kinematic viscosity of a composition used in a machine, as compared to a composition that is devoid of the combination disclosed herein.
• the method of improving oxidation can comprise providing to a machine a lubricant composition comprising a major amount of a base oil; and a minor amount of an additive composition comprising (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety, with the proviso that the triazole compound is not an alkyl bis-3-amino-1,2,4-triazole; and (ii) a nitrogen-containing compound represented by the formula (II):
• R 1 and R 2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro, and sulfono.
• a method of lubricating at least one moving part of a machine comprising contacting the at least one moving part with a lubricant composition comprising a major amount of a base oil and a minor amount of the disclosed synergistic additive composition.
• a method for operating a machine comprising adding a lubricant composition comprising a major amount of a base oil and a minor amount of the disclosed synergistic additive composition.
• the machine in the disclosed methods can be selected from the group consisting of spark ignition and compression-ignition internal combustion engines, including diesel engines, marine engines, rotary engines, turbine engines, locomotive engines, propulsion engines, aviation piston engines, stationary power generation engines, continuous power generation engines, and engines comprising silver parts.
• the at least one moving part can be chosen from a gear, piston, bearing, rod, spring, camshaft, crankshaft, rotors, and the like.
• the lubricant composition can be any composition that would be effective in lubricating a machine.
• the composition is selected from the group consisting of medium speed diesel engine oils, passenger car motor oils, and heavy duty diesel engine oils.
• the composition is a medium speed diesel engine oil.
• Lubricant compositions that were essentially free of compounds containing active sulfur, boron and phosphorus were tested for their ability to protect against oxidation.
• the following examples show the synergism that exists when a triazole compound and a nitrogen-containing compound, such as an aryl amine, are formulated into lubricant composition, such as an engine oil. The examples also show that this synergism is unique when compared to antioxidant compounds alone or in combination.
• the base lubricant composition was as follows:
• blends 2 to 8 comprised at least one additional component in addition to the above base composition.
• a triazole compound was a benzotriazole manufactured by Afton Chemical Corporation wherein 25 wt. % benzotriazole was dissolved in a primary t-alkyl amine (Primene JM-T available from Rohm and Haas, Philadelphia, Pa.) and solvent neutral mineral oil so that it would be soluble in the base composition of Table 1.
• the aryl amine compound was a dialkyl diphenylamine.
• the primary t-alkyl amine was also tested with the triazole compound (5), the aryl amine compound (6), and a combination of the two (8).
• the oxidation stability of these eight lubricant compositions was measured by the Ethyl Oxidation Test. Oxygen was bubbled through a test tube containing suspended iron, copper and lead coupons and one of the lubricant compositions from Table 2 at 300° F. An air condenser retained most of the volatiles, and the lubricant composition was sampled and analyzed every 24 hours. The used lubricant compositions were evaluated for oxidation control by methods well known in the art for measuring kinematic viscosity increase and infrared carbonyl absorptions of the oil oxidation products.
• the base blend comprising the triazole compound (2), primary t-alkyl amine (3), or nitrogen-containing compound (4) showed some early, small oxidation protection.
• the nitrogen-containing compound (4) performed the best out of the three lubricant compositions with a 33% reduction in carbonyl absorption at 48 test hours, 11% reduction at 72 hours and a 7% reduction at 96 hours.
• Viscosity increases for the triazole compound (2) or primary t-alkyl amine (3) were comparable to the base blend.
• the nitrogen-containing compound (4) showed low viscosity increases at 48 and 72 hours, but a large viscosity increase at 96 hours.
• Lubricant composition (6) was comparable to the nitrogen-containing compound alone (4) in both carbonyl absorptions and viscosity increases.
• Lubricant composition (5) showed virtually no effect on oxidation, with carbonyl absorption equal to the base blend and viscosity increases larger than the base blend.
• the triazole compound (2) and primary t-alkyl amine (3) alone or in combination had little effect in oxidation protection of an active sulfur-free base blend as shown by carbonyl absorption or viscosity increases.
• the nitrogen-containing compound (4) alone provided some oxidation protection.
• the nitrogen-containing compound in combination with the triazole compound (7) showed significant synergism by both carbonyl absorption and viscosity increases.
• the negative carbonyl absorption values through 96 test hours in Table 4 indicate no detectable oxidation taking place. A small amount of oxidation was evidenced by the small viscosity decrease through 96 hours as shown in Table 3.
• the ternary combination of nitrogen-containing compound, triazole compound, and primary t-alkyl amine (8) showed small amounts of oxidation products by carbonyl absorption and slightly larger viscosity decreases indicating that the primary t-alkyl amine has a slight pro-oxidation tendency.
• the synergistic effect is attributable to the combination of the nitrogen-containing compound with the triazole compound (7).
• the primary t-alkyl amine does not play any role in the observed effect on oxidation.
• the base composition of Table 1 was again used, but with varying amounts of a triazole compound and a nitrogen-containing compound as shown in Table 5 below.
• the oxidation stability of these compositions was also measured by the Ethyl Oxidation Test.
• the compositions were evaluated for oxidation control by methods for measuring kinematic viscosity increase and infrared carbonyl absorptions of oxidation products as described above. The results are as shown in Tables 6 and 7 below.
• the triazole compound in Table 2 was tested at 0.375 wt. %, traditionally a rather high concentration for benzotriazole. As shown in Table 5, the triazole compound alone and with a nitrogen-containing compound was tested at 0.10 wt. % and 0.05 wt. % benzotriazole to determine if lower triazole amounts affected the results discussed above. As shown in Tables 6 and 7, the triazole compound in the base blend alone used at lower concentrations, e.g., 0.10 wt. % (10) and 0.05 wt. % (11), still yielded viscosity increases comparable to the base blend. The carbonyl absorptions were comparable for all three triazole concentrations and only about 20% less than the base blend.
• the lowest triazole concentration, 0.05 wt. % (14) showed a viscosity increase of only 6.6%, an 88% decrease over the base blend and an 84% decrease over the nitrogen-containing compound alone in the base blend (4).

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• 2007
  • 2007-08-22 US US11/843,195 patent/US20080139427A1/en not_active Abandoned
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  • 2007-11-20 JP JP2007300168A patent/JP2008144164A/ja not_active Withdrawn
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