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US20070240876A1 - Non-metallic whipstock - Google Patents

Non-metallic whipstock Download PDF

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Publication number
US20070240876A1
US20070240876A1 US11/403,107 US40310706A US2007240876A1 US 20070240876 A1 US20070240876 A1 US 20070240876A1 US 40310706 A US40310706 A US 40310706A US 2007240876 A1 US2007240876 A1 US 2007240876A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
whipstock
metallic
ramp
stiffeners
bottom sub
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US11/403,107
Inventor
Gerald Lynde
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Baker Hughes Holdings LLC
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to US11/403,107 priority Critical patent/US20070240876A1/en
Assigned to BAKER HUGHES INCORPORATED reassignment BAKER HUGHES INCORPORATED ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: LYNDE, GERALD D.
Priority to AU2007238078A priority patent/AU2007238078B2/en
Priority to GB0815805A priority patent/GB2449802B/en
Priority to RU2008144483/03A priority patent/RU2398089C2/en
Priority to PCT/US2007/066532 priority patent/WO2007121306A1/en
Priority to CA002643763A priority patent/CA2643763A1/en
Publication of US20070240876A1 publication Critical patent/US20070240876A1/en
Priority to NO20083788A priority patent/NO20083788L/en
Priority to MYPI20084003A priority patent/MY147301A/en
Priority to US12/543,310 priority patent/US8069915B2/en
Assigned to BAKER HUGHES, A GE COMPANY, LLC reassignment BAKER HUGHES, A GE COMPANY, LLC CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BAKER HUGHES INCORPORATED
Assigned to BAKER HUGHES HOLDINGS LLC reassignment BAKER HUGHES HOLDINGS LLC CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BAKER HUGHES, A GE COMPANY, LLC
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
    • E21B7/061—Deflecting the direction of boreholes the tool shaft advancing relative to a guide, e.g. a curved tube or a whipstock

Definitions

  • the field of this invention is whipstocks for creating laterals from wellbores and more particularly to whipstocks that are substantially non-metallic.
  • Whipstocks are properly positioned in the wellbore and oriented so that the lateral will exit in the proper direction into the target formation. Whipstocks are typically anchored from below and feature a ramp surface in the range of about 3 degrees. As a result the whipstock body is generally fairly long and features a lug near its upper end to allow a window mill to be delivered with it. After proper orientation and anchoring, the window mill is started and it breaks loose from its mounting lug and begins to make the exit or window in the surrounding tubular.
  • the whipstocks are typically milled from a metal cylinder stock in a process that takes a great deal of time to mill away a ramp that can be over 15 feet long.
  • the resulting rigidity of the whipstock also makes it difficult to manipulate it in deviated wellbores and risks breaking the connection between the window mill and the lug when running in.
  • Whipstocks have always been made this way.
  • the present invention is a departure from this tradition in that it results in a streamlined manufacturing process that is easier to run in and yet comparably performs to the traditional totally metallic designs.
  • Examples of the whipstocks now in use are illustrated in U.S. Pat. Nos.: 6,766,859; 6,497,288; 6,419,024; 6,419,023; 6,419,021; 6,419, 012; 6,419,010; 6,386,287; 5,725,060; 5,507,346; 5,499,680; 5,467,820; 5,277,251; 5,199,513 and US Publication Number 2002/0029889.
  • the last reference shows the use of a polymeric coating on the whipstock to protect its metal body and to ease the advancement of a washover tool over the top of the whipstock if it needs to be retrieved.
  • FIGS. 1-3 illustrate the method.
  • a tubular 10 gets a half circumferential cut 12 and two opposed tapered cuts 14 and 16 .
  • the cut piece 18 is removed and inverted, as shown in FIG. 3 and welded back into position and the result is a ramp to an opening 20 .
  • One disadvantage here is the presence of a piece of the tubular 22 that has an internal diameter 24 which can limit the diameter of the window mill that can fit though and still make the turn on the ramp formed by cut piece 18 .
  • FIG. 4 shows a typical milled whipstock 26 that has a retrieval slot 28 and a lug 30 for initial support from a window mill 32 .
  • the window is produced in the tubular 34 .
  • a whipstock that is totally to substantially non-metallic is made preferably form a composite material.
  • the body can include one or more stiffeners that are also preferably non-metallic.
  • the mounting lug for the window mill can also be non-metallic.
  • a metallic base can be uses to connect to an anchor.
  • the ramp can include a plate that is optionally internally supported.
  • the ramp can include hardened inserts or other wear resistant material. Composite materials that can me molded are preferred.
  • FIGS. 1-3 illustrate a prior art method of creating a whipstock without milling a cylinder
  • FIG. 4 is a section view of a typical assembly of a metallic whipstock delivered to a location supported off a window mill attached to a lug at the upper end of the whipstock;
  • FIGS. 5, 5 a - c show an overall non-metallic whipstock with section views along its length
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 show a non-metallic whipstock having a ramp surface that can accept a wear plate
  • FIG. 7 shows a wear plate that fits on the ramp surface
  • FIG. 8 shows a non-metallic ramp with imbedded hardened material to improve wear resistance
  • FIGS. 9 and 9 a - b shows a variation of the whipstock shown in FIG. 5 that features body stiffeners.
  • FIG. 5 shows a whipstock 36 that has a non-metallic body 38 including the ramp 40 .
  • Mounting lug 42 is disposed on the ramp 40 and can be the same material as the body 38 . It can be made integrally to the body 38 or it can be a built up structure attached to it by bonding, adhesives or other comparable techniques.
  • FIG. 5 a shows the arc shape of the ramp 40 while FIG. 5 b shows the retrieval slot 44 that extends into the ramp 40 .
  • a bottom sub 46 is preferably metallic and connects to the body 38 at thread 48 .
  • Sub 46 is typically connected to an anchor (not shown) and may optionally be an integral or separate component of the body 38 and be of a non-metallic material.
  • a passage 50 may extend from sub 46 to ramp 40 .
  • FIG. 6 shows a ramp 52 and a slide 54 that is designed to be attached to ramp 52 to make the ramp 52 more resistant to wear during the window milling.
  • the slide 54 can be metallic and can be secured to ramp 52 by adhesives or other known techniques.
  • the slide 54 can have a rod attached to its underside 56 and that rod inserted through passage 50 shown in FIG. 5 . If that is done the rod (not shown) can transmit impacts to the slide 54 directly to the sub 46 and to an anchor (not shown) below as opposed to the body 38 absorbing the impact loads.
  • FIG. 8 shows the use of a wear resistant material, such as carbide inserts, 58 that can be in the ramp 60 to improve service life.
  • FIG. 9 is essentially the same as FIG. 5 except that the body 62 has one or more generally longitudinally oriented stiffeners 64 that are more rigid than body 62 or alternatively can even be from the same material. Although the cross-section of the stiffeners 64 is shown as rectangular, other shapes are envisioned as well as other quantities or differing lengths. The stiffeners can be fully embedded or have a side flush with the body as shown in FIG. 9 b.
  • the whipstock of the present invention can be a composite material that can be injection molded or fabricated from a blank. It can be at least 80% composite or other durable non-metallic substance that is somewhat flexible and not brittle. It can have fiber reinforcement. If desired, the whipstock can be up to fully non-metallic. Making the whipstock this way cuts down on the manufacturing time and reduces cost. Metallic whipstocks require milling away a lot of steel to produce the ramp. Another advantage of the non-metallic whipstock is if it has to be milled out. In that case the procedure is so much quicker. In negotiating well deviations the non-metallic whipstock will run in faster and will be less likely to get stuck. The resulting rigidity can be very comparable to the steel whipstocks while providing the needed column strength with stiffeners and still retaining some degree of flexibility for running in to deviated bores.
  • non-metallic is intended to refer to the degree of use of other materials and can encompass a 100% composite design, for example, as well as including as design that may be 80% composite and the rest metallic as illustrated by using the bottom sub 46 or the slide 54 in FIG. 7 .

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  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Clamps And Clips (AREA)

Abstract

A whipstock that is totally to substantially non-metallic is made preferably form a composite material. The body can include one or more stiffeners that are also preferably non-metallic. The mounting lug for the window mill can also be non-metallic. A metallic base can be uses to connect to an anchor. Optionally the ramp can include a plate that is optionally internally supported. Alternatively the ramp can include hardened inserts or other wear resistant material. Composite materials that can me molded are preferred.

Description

    FIELD OF THE INVENTION
  • The field of this invention is whipstocks for creating laterals from wellbores and more particularly to whipstocks that are substantially non-metallic.
    • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • Frequently in the life of a well additional laterals are needed to properly and more fully produce a formation. Whipstocks are properly positioned in the wellbore and oriented so that the lateral will exit in the proper direction into the target formation. Whipstocks are typically anchored from below and feature a ramp surface in the range of about 3 degrees. As a result the whipstock body is generally fairly long and features a lug near its upper end to allow a window mill to be delivered with it. After proper orientation and anchoring, the window mill is started and it breaks loose from its mounting lug and begins to make the exit or window in the surrounding tubular.
  • The whipstocks are typically milled from a metal cylinder stock in a process that takes a great deal of time to mill away a ramp that can be over 15 feet long. The resulting rigidity of the whipstock also makes it difficult to manipulate it in deviated wellbores and risks breaking the connection between the window mill and the lug when running in.
  • Whipstocks have always been made this way. The present invention is a departure from this tradition in that it results in a streamlined manufacturing process that is easier to run in and yet comparably performs to the traditional totally metallic designs. Examples of the whipstocks now in use are illustrated in U.S. Pat. Nos.: 6,766,859; 6,497,288; 6,419,024; 6,419,023; 6,419,021; 6,419, 012; 6,419,010; 6,386,287; 5,725,060; 5,507,346; 5,499,680; 5,467,820; 5,277,251; 5,199,513 and US Publication Number 2002/0029889. The last reference shows the use of a polymeric coating on the whipstock to protect its metal body and to ease the advancement of a washover tool over the top of the whipstock if it needs to be retrieved.
  • Apart from the prior art mentioned above, an older technique presents an alternative to milling a whipstock from a metal cylinder. FIGS. 1-3 illustrate the method. A tubular 10 gets a half circumferential cut 12 and two opposed tapered cuts 14 and 16. The cut piece 18 is removed and inverted, as shown in FIG. 3 and welded back into position and the result is a ramp to an opening 20. One disadvantage here is the presence of a piece of the tubular 22 that has an internal diameter 24 which can limit the diameter of the window mill that can fit though and still make the turn on the ramp formed by cut piece 18. FIG. 4 shows a typical milled whipstock 26 that has a retrieval slot 28 and a lug 30 for initial support from a window mill 32. The window is produced in the tubular 34.
  • The present invention will be more readily understood by those skilled in the art from the discussion of the preferred embodiment and the related drawings and from the claims that define the scope of the invention.
    • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • A whipstock that is totally to substantially non-metallic is made preferably form a composite material. The body can include one or more stiffeners that are also preferably non-metallic. The mounting lug for the window mill can also be non-metallic. A metallic base can be uses to connect to an anchor. Optionally the ramp can include a plate that is optionally internally supported. Alternatively the ramp can include hardened inserts or other wear resistant material. Composite materials that can me molded are preferred.
    • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • FIGS. 1-3 illustrate a prior art method of creating a whipstock without milling a cylinder;
  • FIG. 4 is a section view of a typical assembly of a metallic whipstock delivered to a location supported off a window mill attached to a lug at the upper end of the whipstock;
  • FIGS. 5, 5 a-c show an overall non-metallic whipstock with section views along its length;
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 show a non-metallic whipstock having a ramp surface that can accept a wear plate and
  • FIG. 7 shows a wear plate that fits on the ramp surface;
  • FIG. 8 shows a non-metallic ramp with imbedded hardened material to improve wear resistance;
  • FIGS. 9 and 9 a-b shows a variation of the whipstock shown in FIG. 5 that features body stiffeners.
    • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
  • FIG. 5 shows a whipstock 36 that has a non-metallic body 38 including the ramp 40. Mounting lug 42 is disposed on the ramp 40 and can be the same material as the body 38. It can be made integrally to the body 38 or it can be a built up structure attached to it by bonding, adhesives or other comparable techniques. FIG. 5 a shows the arc shape of the ramp 40 while FIG. 5 b shows the retrieval slot 44 that extends into the ramp 40. A bottom sub 46 is preferably metallic and connects to the body 38 at thread 48. Sub 46 is typically connected to an anchor (not shown) and may optionally be an integral or separate component of the body 38 and be of a non-metallic material. A passage 50 may extend from sub 46 to ramp 40. One purpose for passage 50 is shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. FIG. 6 shows a ramp 52 and a slide 54 that is designed to be attached to ramp 52 to make the ramp 52 more resistant to wear during the window milling. The slide 54 can be metallic and can be secured to ramp 52 by adhesives or other known techniques. Optionally, the slide 54 can have a rod attached to its underside 56 and that rod inserted through passage 50 shown in FIG. 5. If that is done the rod (not shown) can transmit impacts to the slide 54 directly to the sub 46 and to an anchor (not shown) below as opposed to the body 38 absorbing the impact loads.
  • FIG. 8 shows the use of a wear resistant material, such as carbide inserts, 58 that can be in the ramp 60 to improve service life.
  • FIG. 9 is essentially the same as FIG. 5 except that the body 62 has one or more generally longitudinally oriented stiffeners 64 that are more rigid than body 62 or alternatively can even be from the same material. Although the cross-section of the stiffeners 64 is shown as rectangular, other shapes are envisioned as well as other quantities or differing lengths. The stiffeners can be fully embedded or have a side flush with the body as shown in FIG. 9 b.
  • Preferably the whipstock of the present invention can be a composite material that can be injection molded or fabricated from a blank. It can be at least 80% composite or other durable non-metallic substance that is somewhat flexible and not brittle. It can have fiber reinforcement. If desired, the whipstock can be up to fully non-metallic. Making the whipstock this way cuts down on the manufacturing time and reduces cost. Metallic whipstocks require milling away a lot of steel to produce the ramp. Another advantage of the non-metallic whipstock is if it has to be milled out. In that case the procedure is so much quicker. In negotiating well deviations the non-metallic whipstock will run in faster and will be less likely to get stuck. The resulting rigidity can be very comparable to the steel whipstocks while providing the needed column strength with stiffeners and still retaining some degree of flexibility for running in to deviated bores.
  • Those skilled in the art will appreciate that “non-metallic” is intended to refer to the degree of use of other materials and can encompass a 100% composite design, for example, as well as including as design that may be 80% composite and the rest metallic as illustrated by using the bottom sub 46 or the slide 54 in FIG. 7.
  • The above description is illustrative of the preferred embodiment and many modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the invention whose scope is to be determined from the literal and equivalent scope of the claims below:

Claims (17)

1. A whipstock, comprising:
a body further comprising a ramp wherein said body is mostly non-metallic.
2. The whipstock of claim 1, wherein:
said body is at least 80% non-metallic.
3. The whipstock of claim 2, wherein:
said body is fully non-metallic.
4. The whipstock of claim 1, wherein:
said ramp is fully non metallic.
5. The whipstock of claim 1, wherein:
said ramp is substantially covered by a metallic plate.
6. The whipstock of claim 1, wherein:
said ramp comprises wear resistant particles extending from said ramp.
7. The whipstock of claim 5, wherein:
said body comprises a bore extending from said ramp and a support connected to said plate extending in said bore.
8. The whipstock of claim 1, further comprising:
a removable bottom sub that is non metallic.
9. The whipstock of claim 1, further comprising:
a removable bottom sub that is metallic.
10. The whipstock of claim 7, wherein:
said support rests on said bottom sub.
11. The whipstock of claim 1, further comprising:
stiffeners mounted substantially within said body.
12. The whipstock of claim 11, wherein:
said stiffeners are non-metallic.
13. The whipstock of claim 11, wherein:
said stiffeners are metallic.
14. The whipstock of claim 1, wherein:
said stiffeners comprise elongated members that run generally longitudinally in said body.
15. The whipstock of claim 1,wherein:
said non-metallic portions comprise composites.
16. The whipstock of claim 15, wherein:
said non-metallic portions further comprise fiber reinforcement.
17. The whipstock of claim 6, wherein:
said particles comprise carbide.
US11/403,107 2006-04-12 2006-04-12 Non-metallic whipstock Abandoned US20070240876A1 (en)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/403,107 US20070240876A1 (en) 2006-04-12 2006-04-12 Non-metallic whipstock
CA002643763A CA2643763A1 (en) 2006-04-12 2007-04-12 Non-metallic whipstock
PCT/US2007/066532 WO2007121306A1 (en) 2006-04-12 2007-04-12 Non-metallic whipstock
GB0815805A GB2449802B (en) 2006-04-12 2007-04-12 Non-metallic whipstock
RU2008144483/03A RU2398089C2 (en) 2006-04-12 2007-04-12 Nonmetal whipstock
AU2007238078A AU2007238078B2 (en) 2006-04-12 2007-04-12 Non-metallic whipstock
NO20083788A NO20083788L (en) 2006-04-12 2008-09-03 Non-metallic guide wedge
MYPI20084003A MY147301A (en) 2006-04-12 2008-10-08 Non-metallic whipstock
US12/543,310 US8069915B2 (en) 2006-04-12 2009-08-18 Non-metallic whipstock

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/403,107 US20070240876A1 (en) 2006-04-12 2006-04-12 Non-metallic whipstock

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/543,310 Division US8069915B2 (en) 2006-04-12 2009-08-18 Non-metallic whipstock

Publications (1)

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US20070240876A1 true US20070240876A1 (en) 2007-10-18

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/403,107 Abandoned US20070240876A1 (en) 2006-04-12 2006-04-12 Non-metallic whipstock
US12/543,310 Expired - Fee Related US8069915B2 (en) 2006-04-12 2009-08-18 Non-metallic whipstock

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/543,310 Expired - Fee Related US8069915B2 (en) 2006-04-12 2009-08-18 Non-metallic whipstock

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US (2) US20070240876A1 (en)
AU (1) AU2007238078B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2643763A1 (en)
GB (1) GB2449802B (en)
MY (1) MY147301A (en)
NO (1) NO20083788L (en)
RU (1) RU2398089C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2007121306A1 (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080296029A1 (en) * 2007-06-04 2008-12-04 Baker Hughes Incorporated Debris control arrangement for a whipstock and method
CN102182415A (en) * 2011-04-06 2011-09-14 中国海洋石油总公司 Efficient milling cone with guide tool
GB2570865A (en) * 2017-12-29 2019-08-14 Mcgarian Bruce A whipstock
WO2019194800A1 (en) * 2018-04-04 2019-10-10 Weatherford Technology Holdings, Llc Downhole whipstock and method of manufacture
US20240279989A1 (en) * 2023-02-22 2024-08-22 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Non-magnetic openhole whipstock

Families Citing this family (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030113496A1 (en) 2001-12-17 2003-06-19 Harris Michael G. Polyethylene melt blends for high density polyethylene applications

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US5277251A (en) * 1992-10-09 1994-01-11 Blount Curtis G Method for forming a window in a subsurface well conduit
US5398754A (en) * 1994-01-25 1995-03-21 Baker Hughes Incorporated Retrievable whipstock anchor assembly
US5467820A (en) * 1994-02-25 1995-11-21 Sieber; Bobby G. Slotted face wellbore deviation assembly
US5494111A (en) * 1994-05-13 1996-02-27 Baker Hughes Incorporated Permanent whipstock
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NO953304L (en) * 1994-08-26 1996-02-27 Halliburton Co Diverter and tools for introducing and retrieving this, as well as associated procedure
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US1835227A (en) * 1929-08-05 1931-12-08 Charles H Lane Whip stock
US5199513A (en) * 1990-02-10 1993-04-06 Tri-State Oil Tool (Uk) Side-tracking mills
US5277251A (en) * 1992-10-09 1994-01-11 Blount Curtis G Method for forming a window in a subsurface well conduit
US5887655A (en) * 1993-09-10 1999-03-30 Weatherford/Lamb, Inc Wellbore milling and drilling
US5398754A (en) * 1994-01-25 1995-03-21 Baker Hughes Incorporated Retrievable whipstock anchor assembly
US5467820A (en) * 1994-02-25 1995-11-21 Sieber; Bobby G. Slotted face wellbore deviation assembly
US5494111A (en) * 1994-05-13 1996-02-27 Baker Hughes Incorporated Permanent whipstock
US5499680A (en) * 1994-08-26 1996-03-19 Halliburton Company Diverter, diverter retrieving and running tool and method for running and retrieving a diverter
US5507348A (en) * 1994-11-16 1996-04-16 Scientific Drilling International Apparatus for locking wire line instrument to drill collar
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US6766859B2 (en) * 1996-05-02 2004-07-27 Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. Wellbore liner system
US5909770A (en) * 1996-11-18 1999-06-08 Baker Hughes Incorporated Retrievable whipstock
US20020029889A1 (en) * 1997-09-05 2002-03-14 George Grant E.E. Deviated borehole drilling assembly
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US6419021B1 (en) * 1997-09-05 2002-07-16 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Deviated borehole drilling assembly
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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080296029A1 (en) * 2007-06-04 2008-12-04 Baker Hughes Incorporated Debris control arrangement for a whipstock and method
CN102182415A (en) * 2011-04-06 2011-09-14 中国海洋石油总公司 Efficient milling cone with guide tool
GB2570865A (en) * 2017-12-29 2019-08-14 Mcgarian Bruce A whipstock
US11313193B2 (en) 2017-12-29 2022-04-26 Bruce McGarian Whipstock
WO2019194800A1 (en) * 2018-04-04 2019-10-10 Weatherford Technology Holdings, Llc Downhole whipstock and method of manufacture
US20240279989A1 (en) * 2023-02-22 2024-08-22 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Non-magnetic openhole whipstock
US12140024B2 (en) * 2023-02-22 2024-11-12 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Non-magnetic openhole whipstock

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Publication number Publication date
RU2008144483A (en) 2010-05-20
RU2398089C2 (en) 2010-08-27
WO2007121306A1 (en) 2007-10-25
MY147301A (en) 2012-11-30
US20090301706A1 (en) 2009-12-10
AU2007238078B2 (en) 2012-01-19
GB0815805D0 (en) 2008-10-08
US8069915B2 (en) 2011-12-06
GB2449802A (en) 2008-12-03
AU2007238078A1 (en) 2007-10-25
CA2643763A1 (en) 2007-10-25
GB2449802B (en) 2010-06-30
NO20083788L (en) 2008-09-30

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