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US20070202769A1 - Device and method for melt spinning fine non-woven fibers - Google Patents

Device and method for melt spinning fine non-woven fibers Download PDF

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Publication number
US20070202769A1
US20070202769A1 US11/693,235 US69323507A US2007202769A1 US 20070202769 A1 US20070202769 A1 US 20070202769A1 US 69323507 A US69323507 A US 69323507A US 2007202769 A1 US2007202769 A1 US 2007202769A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
blowing
fiber strands
woven fabric
spinneret
microfibers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
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US11/693,235
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English (en)
Inventor
Mathias Groner
Henning Rave
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Oerlikon Textile GmbH and Co KG
Sauer GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Sauer GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sauer GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Sauer GmbH and Co KG
Assigned to SAURER GMBH & CO. KG reassignment SAURER GMBH & CO. KG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: GRONER, MATHIAS, RAVE, HENNING
Publication of US20070202769A1 publication Critical patent/US20070202769A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
    • D01D5/098—Melt spinning methods with simultaneous stretching
    • D01D5/0985—Melt spinning methods with simultaneous stretching by means of a flowing gas (e.g. melt-blowing)
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D4/00—Spinnerette packs; Cleaning thereof
    • D01D4/02—Spinnerettes
    • D01D4/025—Melt-blowing or solution-blowing dies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a melt-blown method for melt spinning fine non-woven fibers, as well as to a device for carrying out said method.
  • non-woven microfibers In the production of non-woven microfibers a plurality of fiber strands are extruded from a polymer melt through nozzle holes of a spinneret and then drawn with a blowing stream into microfibers. Such fibers exhibit an average fiber diameter of usually ⁇ 10 ⁇ m. In the state of the art such methods are called melt-blown methods.
  • the blowing stream is preferably produced from hot air that is blown with a high expenditure of energy on the fiber strands. The blowing stream leads to drawing and bursting of the fiber strands so that fine non-woven fibers of finite length are produced.
  • the fiber strands are usually torn into finite fibers.
  • the fibers lead, upon being deposited to form a non-woven fabric, to irregularities in the physical properties due to the conglutinated fiber pieces.
  • such non-woven fabrics can tolerate only slight tensile strengths owing to the finite fiber pieces.
  • an object of the invention is to provide a melt-blown method for melt spinning fine non-woven fibers of the type described in the introductory part. According to this method, a high quality microfiber could be produced at a relatively low expenditure of energy.
  • Another goal of the invention is to provide non-woven fibers for producing a non-woven fabric, which exhibits improved physical properties.
  • an object of the invention is to improve a melt-blown method and a melt-blown device for melt spinning fine non-woven fibers in such a manner that a microfiber is produced that exhibits maximum uniformity and continuity in order to attain, during their subsequent manufacture into a non-woven fabric, a uniform distribution of the fibers during the depositing process.
  • a method for melt spinning fine non-woven fibers comprising extruding a polymer melt through several nozzle holes of a spinneret in order to form several fiber strands, and immediately after emerging from the nozzle holes, acting on the fiber strands with a cold blowing stream that, subject to the action of an overpressure, flows through at least one blowing nozzle orifice onto the fiber strands and draws the fiber strands, wherein the blowing stream is guided to the fiber strands inside an acceleration section, in which the fiber strands and the blowing stream are accelerated in such a manner that the fiber strands are drawn to form infinite microfibers.
  • the present invention also provides a non-woven fiber and a resulting non-woven fabric produced according to the method.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that in the conventional melt-blown methods, the blowing stream is accelerated, upon impinging on the fiber strand, to a maximum velocity. Therefore, the meeting of the blowing stream and the fiber strand results in a more or less sudden elongation of the fiber strands. This elongation leads to drafting and—optionally upon exceeding a maximum spinning draft—to tearing of the fibers.
  • the blowing stream is fed, according to the invention, to the fiber strands inside an acceleration section. In the acceleration section the blowing stream and the fiber strands are then accelerated together in such a manner that the fiber strands are drawn to form endless micro fibers. In this way overstressing the fiber strand while drawing can be avoided in an advantageous way.
  • the maximum velocity of the blowing stream is not reached until the end of the acceleration section and leads to the desired total drawing of the fiber strands.
  • the blowing stream and the fiber strands are accelerated inside the acceleration section, the blowing stream can be fed to the fiber strands at a relatively low expenditure of energy.
  • an overpressure in a range below 1,000 mbar is sufficient to provide the fiber strands with the desired spinning draft. Consequently the consumption of the blowing stream can also be reduced to a minimum.
  • the blowing stream is preferably air that exhibits a natural air temperature in a range between 15° C. and 110° C.
  • a natural air temperature in a range between 15° C. and 110° C.
  • the blowing stream is produced preferably from the surrounding air at an ambient temperature. Said surrounding air is drawn in from the environment below the spinneret. At an average consumption of approximately 600 m 3 /h*m of surrounding air and at a maximum overpressure of 1 bar in a conventional spinning device, the blowing stream can be provided at a low cost.
  • the fiber strands are extruded at a mass flow of the polymer melt through the nozzle hole of the spinneret of 1.0 g/min. to 10 g/min. per nozzle hole
  • all of the current types of polymers for example polypropylene or polyamide, may be extruded.
  • a throughflow of >3 g/min. is set per nozzle hole. Therefore, the hole diameter may lie in a range between 0.2 and 1.0 mm.
  • the polymer melt is heated inside the spinnerets just before emerging from the nozzle holes, so that the freshly extruded fiber strand exhibits a relatively high melting temperature that may be, for example, above 350° C. for a polypropylene fiber.
  • the polymer melt is heated preferably to a range between 300° C. and 400° C. in order to obtain a constant optimal setting as a function of the type of polymer, the capillary diameter of the nozzle holes and the desired fiber fineness, the length of the acceleration section for accelerating the blowing stream and the fiber strands ranges from 2 mm to 30 mm.
  • the fiber strands can be fed directly from the nozzle hole into the acceleration section or not until the fiber strands have passed through a short extrusion zone of a maximum 2 mm, in which the fiber strands may emerge from the nozzle hole without any influence of the blowing stream.
  • a preferred alternative of the method provides that the fiber strands and the blowing stream are fed, upon passing through the acceleration section, into a free space, where an atmosphere prevails that is in essence equal to an ambient pressure.
  • the expansion of the blowing stream into the free space produces zones of turbulence, which improves the blowing stream's attack on the fiber surface. So-called whiplash effects may also occur with the result that the fibers continue to be drawn.
  • the method is suitable for processing all current types of polymers, such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polyester or polyamide, and to process into non-woven fibers with microfiber cross sections ranging up to 0.5 ⁇ m.
  • polymers such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polyester or polyamide
  • microfiber cross sections ranging up to 0.5 ⁇ m.
  • good results could be attained with a polypropylene material, where the fiber fineness of the infinite microfibers was in a range between 1 ⁇ m and 30 ⁇ m.
  • microfiber produced with the method according to the invention, is suitable, as an infinite fiber, in particular for depositing in order to form a non-woven fabric.
  • the inventive device for carrying out the inventive method provides that an acceleration section is formed between the upper edges and the bottom edges of the two blowing nozzle orifices, which are arranged below the spinneret.
  • an acceleration section is formed between the upper edges and the bottom edges of the two blowing nozzle orifices, which are arranged below the spinneret.
  • the device, according to the invention is characterized in particular in that a plurality of fiber strands can be drawn uniformly with relatively close spacing to form microfibers without the adjacent fibers conglutinating. Therefore, the device, according to the invention, is suitable for producing a large number of high quality microfibers of high uniformity.
  • the upper edge of the two blowing nozzle orifices is assigned to an entry throat; and the bottom edges of the two blowing nozzle orifices are assigned to an exit throat in order to achieve a defined acceleration section.
  • the exit throat exhibits a free flow cross section that is smaller than the flow cross section of the entry throat.
  • the exit throat is set to a slit width ranging from 2 to 8 mm.
  • the slit width is defined by the smallest distance between the bottom edges that are opposite each other and belong to the blowing nozzle orifices.
  • the entry throat which exhibits a larger slit width, can be formed advantageously directly on a level with the underside of the spinneret, so that the extruded fiber strands can enter directly into the acceleration section.
  • the entry throat there is the possibility of forming the entry throat at a short distance from the underside of the spinneret, so that the fiber strands do not reach the acceleration section until after passing through a short extrusion zone ranging from 0 to 2 mm.
  • the length of the acceleration section is defined by the distance of the entry throat from the exit throat. Depending on the type of fiber and the fiber fineness this length may range from 2 mm to 20 mm.
  • a preferred design of the inventive device exhibits an inflow channel for each blowing orifice for the air supply.
  • Said inflow channel is formed between the bottom edge and the upper edge of the respective blowing nozzle. Therefore, the upper edge and the bottom edge are aligned or formed in such a manner that the inflow channel exhibits in the direction of the blowing orifice a tapering flow cross section on the end of the bottom edge and the upper edge respectively.
  • the air that is made available is held advantageously in reserve in a pressure chamber that is connected to the blowing orifices.
  • the pressure chamber is connected to a suction unit in order to provide air as inexpensively as possible.
  • This suction unit takes in the surrounding air and conveys it directly into the pressure chamber.
  • a free space is formed below the bottom edges of the blowing orifices in order to facilitate an intensive draft of the fiber strands during the expansion of the blowing stream upon emerging from the acceleration section.
  • the free space may contain additional aids for guiding, cooling and/or drawing the fibers.
  • the non-woven fiber which is made of a polymer material and produced according to the method of the invention, is characterized in that, despite the microfiber cross sections ranging from 0.5 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m, the fibers exhibit an infinite length. This makes it possible to provide infinite microfibers, produced by a melt-blown method, in order to produce non-woven fabrics.
  • the inventive non-woven fabric which is formed from the non-woven fibers of the invention, is characterized in particular by a high uniformity both in the machine direction and in the cross direction. Therefore, such non-woven fabrics are especially suitable for barrier products, where, on the one hand, permeability to air is desired, but, on the other hand, such a non-woven fabric exhibits a blocking effect with respect to liquids. Therefore, the inventive non-woven fabric is especially suitable for hygienic products, medical products and filter applications.
  • the inventive non-woven fabric is characterized in particular by a higher stretching ability as compared to conventional melt-blown non-woven fabrics. Therefore, the inventive non-woven fabric can be used advantageously in products, where minor deformations occur during production or use.
  • a suitable non-woven fabric is one, where the infinite microfibers, which are made of a polypropylene, are deposited to form a weight per unit of area in a range between 1.5 g/m 2 and 50 g/m 2 and lead to an elongation at break of at least 60% or can tolerate a maximum tensile stress at an elongation of at least 40%.
  • the high strength and deformability of the non-woven fabrics make it possible to produce in an advantageous manner composite non-woven fabrics that exhibit a plurality of layers.
  • the composite non-woven fabric of the invention at least one of the layers is made of a non-woven fabric exhibiting the infinite microfibers of the invention.
  • Both the inventive non-woven fabric and the composite non-woven fabric are especially suitable for hygienic products, such as diapers, sanitary napkins, medicinal products, such as wound dressings, filter products, or household products, such as cleaning cloths or dust cloths.
  • composite non-woven fabrics wherein at least one other layer is made of a spun bond non-woven fabric, are preferably used.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a view of one embodiment of the inventive device for carrying out the inventive method
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a view of a detail of the spinneret underside of another embodiment of the inventive device
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a view of a detail of another embodiment of the inventive device.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of a longitudinal sectional view of another embodiment of the inventive device.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram of the elongation as a function of the weight per unit of area of a non-woven fabric, according to the invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram of the tensile strength as a function of the weight per unit of area of a non-woven fabric, according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a view of a first embodiment of the inventive device for carrying out the inventive method.
  • the embodiment exhibits a spinneret 1 , which is connected to a melt source (not illustrated here) by means of a melt feed 2 .
  • a melt source not illustrated here
  • an extruder is used as the melt source.
  • Said extruder melts a thermoplastic material and feeds said material as the polymer melt under pressure to the spinneret.
  • the underside of the spinneret 1 exhibits a plurality of nozzle holes 5 , which are connected inside the spinneret 1 to the melt feed 2 .
  • the nozzle holes 5 are configured on the underside of the spinneret 1 in a specific arrangement, preferably in a series of rows with one or more rows next to one another.
  • a fiber strand can be extruded out of the polymer melt emerging from each of the nozzle holes 5 .
  • a blower 3 Underneath the spinneret 1 there is a blower 3 , which exhibits two blowing nozzles 4 . 1 and 4 . 2 , which lie opposite each other and are located a short distance underneath the spinneret 1 .
  • Each of the blowing nozzles 4 . 1 and 4 . 2 contains a blowing nozzle orifice 7 . 1 and 7 . 2 , which is formed between a respective upper edge 9 . 1 or 9 . 2 and the respective bottom edge 10 . 1 or 10 . 2 .
  • the upper edges 9 . 1 and 9 . 2 which lie opposite each other, form an entry throat; and the bottom edges 10 . 1 and 10 . 2 , which lie opposite each other, form an exit throat for the fiber strands 6 .
  • the entry throat and the exit throat are designed in such a manner that between the upper edges 9 . 1 and 9 . 2 and the bottom edges 10 . 1 and 10 . 2 there is an acceleration section 15 , in which a blowing stream, emerging from the blowing nozzle orifice 7 . 1 and 7 . 2 , is accelerated together with the fiber strands 6 .
  • the upper edges 9 . 1 and 9 . 2 of the blowing nozzles 4 . 1 an 4 . 2 are usually arranged in such a manner with respect to the spinneret 1 that, on the one hand, no significant heat losses can occur at the spinneret 1 and, on the other hand, no blowing air can escape outside the acceleration section.
  • the design (which is not shown in FIG. 1 ) of the transition from the spinneret 1 to the upper edges 9 . 1 and 9 . 2 shall be explained in detail below.
  • Each of the blowing nozzles 4 . 1 and 4 . 2 is assigned a pressure chamber 8 . 1 and 8 . 2 , in which is stored a blowing medium, which is held under an overpressure.
  • a blowing medium Preferably air is used as the blowing medium.
  • the pressure chambers 8 . 1 and 8 . 2 may be connected jointly or separately to a pressure source, for example a compressed air ductwork system.
  • a free space 12 that extends from the bottom edges 10 . 1 and/or 10 . 2 of the blowing nozzles 4 . 1 and 4 . 2 as far as to a depositing belt 13 .
  • the depositing belt 13 serves to deposit the drawn microfibers 11 to form a non-woven fabric 14 .
  • the depositing belt 13 is connected to a drive in order to carry away in a continuous mode the non-woven fabric 14 after the microfibers 11 have been deposited.
  • the arrows show the direction of movement of the depositing belt 13 .
  • the embodiment (shown in FIG. 1 ) of the inventive device is shown in an operating situation.
  • the spinneret 1 is fed continuously a polymer melt, which is made, for example, of polypropylene.
  • the spinneret 1 is designed so that it can be heated in order to hold the melt temperature of the polymer melt in a range above 300° C., preferably in a range between 300 and 400° C.
  • the polymer melt is extruded through the nozzle holes 5 to form a respective fiber strand 6 .
  • the fiber strands 6 emerge from the nozzle holes 5 , they arrive in the acceleration section 15 and are brought together with a blowing stream.
  • the fiber strands 6 and the blowing stream are accelerated continuously inside the acceleration section 15 as far as up to an exit throat. In this way the fiber strands 6 are increasingly stretched.
  • said fiber strands form microfibers with a fiber cross section in a range between 0.5 ⁇ m and 30 ⁇ m.
  • the microfibers 11 are deposited continuously as the non-woven fabric 14 on the depositing belt 13 .
  • a cold blowing medium preferably cold air
  • This process allows the fiber strands to cool down until they are deposited, so that no additional cooling of the fibers is necessary.
  • air temperatures of, for example 25° C. in particular the free space 12 between the blower 3 and the depositing belt 13 can be held extremely small so that the blowing stream significantly improves the depositing of the microfibers so as to form a non-woven fabric.
  • the stability of the fiber guide is enhanced in that, when the cold blowing air meets the freshly extruded fiber strands, rapid cooling of the peripheral zones of the fiber strands 6 takes place.
  • the stretchability remains essentially preserved owing to the molten core areas of the fiber strands 6 .
  • FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view of another embodiment of the inventive device. This cross sectional view shows only a part of the spinneret underside with the underlying blowing nozzle orifices of the blowing nozzles.
  • FIG. 2 shows the emergence situation of a fiber strand 6 at the spinneret 1 in a cross sectional view. To this end, the spinneret 1 exhibits a nozzle hole 5 .
  • the spinneret 1 has a number of heating elements 19 in order to heat the polymer melt, conveyed inside the spinneret 1 .
  • blowing nozzles 4 . 1 and 4 . 2 with blowing nozzle orifices 7 . 1 and 7 . 2 .
  • the blowing nozzle orifice 7 . 1 is placed between the upper edge 9 . 1 and the bottom edge 10 . 1 .
  • the upper edge 9 . 1 and the bottom edge 10 . 1 are designed as mold plates, which between themselves form the inflow channel 18 . 1 .
  • the inflow channel 18 . 1 exhibits a flow cross section that tapers off in the direction of the blowing nozzle orifice 7 . 1 so that the blowing air, supplied inside the inflow channel 18 . 1 , is accelerated continuously as far as up to the blowing nozzle orifice 7 . 1 .
  • the inflow channel 18 . 1 is shaped by the upper edge 9 . 1 and the bottom edge 10 . 1 in such a manner that the blowing stream, emerging from the blowing nozzle orifice 7 . 1 , is fed in the direction of travel of the fibers. It has proven to be especially advantageous if the upper edge 9 . 1 in relation to the bottom edge 10 . 1 exhibits such a physical curvature that its theoretical imaginary extension that projects beyond the free end strikes in the middle of an exit throat 17 , which is formed by the bottom edges 10 . 1 and 10 . 2 , which lie opposite each other. At the same time, the continuous decrease in the distance between the upper edge 9 . 1 and the bottom edge 10 . 1 continues as far as up to the middle of the exit throat 17 .
  • This design of the blowing nozzle 4 . 1 makes it possible to improve the accelerating effect for drawing off the fiber strand.
  • the blowing nozzle orifice 7 . 2 of the blowing nozzle 4 . 2 on the opposite side of the spinneret 1 is identical (as the mirror-image) to the first blowing nozzle orifice 7 . 1 of the blowing nozzle 4 . 1 .
  • the inflow channel 18 . 2 between the formed plates of the upper edge 9 . 2 and the bottom edge 10 . 2 is configured with a tapering flow cross section.
  • the upper edges 9 . 1 and 9 . 2 are spaced apart so as to lie opposite each other below the underside of the spinneret 1 and form an entry throat 16 .
  • the slit width of the entry throat 16 is labeled with the capital letter E in FIG. 2 and defined by the distance between the two upper edges 9 . 1 and 9 . 2 .
  • the slit width E is essentially constant over the entire spinning width of the spinneret 1 .
  • the slit width of the exit throat 17 is labeled with the capital letter A in FIG. 2 and is defined by the narrowest distance between the two bottom edges 10 . 1 and 10 . 2 .
  • the slit width A of the exit throat 17 is also in essence constant over the entire spinning width of the spinneret 1 .
  • the slit width A of the exit throat 17 is designed smaller than the slit width E of the entry throat 16 .
  • the fiber strand 6 together with the blowing air is guided from the entry throat 16 with increasing velocity along the acceleration section 15 as far as up to the exit throat 17 and blown into the free space 12 , which is formed below the exit throat 17 .
  • the distance between the entry throat 16 and the exit throat 17 which defines directly the exit cross section of the blowing nozzle orifices 7 . 1 and 7 . 2 and gives the length of the acceleration section 15 , may range from 2 mm to 30 mm as a function of the type of polymer and fiber fineness.
  • the split width of the exit throat 17 varies from 2 mm to 8 mm. Even if the nozzle holes 5 exhibit a capillary diameter of 0.6 mm, microfibers exhibiting a fiber fineness in a range between 1 and 30 ⁇ m could be produced with the device of the invention.
  • a sealant 23 . 1 and 23 . 2 is disposed between the spinneret 1 and the upper edges 9 . 1 and 9 . 2 .
  • the sealants 23 . 1 and 23 . 2 form, on the one hand, in relation to the spinneret 1 an insulating layer in order to avoid heat losses and, on the other hand, a seal with respect to the blowing air, conveyed in the acceleration section 15 .
  • the sealants 23 . 1 and 23 . 2 are made preferably of insulating materials.
  • the entry throat 16 between the upper edges 9 . 1 and 9 . 2 is constructed directly on a level with the underside of the spinneret 1 .
  • the result is that upon leaving the nozzle hole 5 , the fiber strands 6 enter directly into the acceleration section 15 and make contact with the blowing stream and thus acquire from the spinneret 1 a different take-off behavior.
  • the air gaps 24 . 1 and 24 . 2 are dimensioned so closely that in essence no blowing air can pass through, but a sufficient layer of air remains in order to insulate it from the spinneret 1 .
  • the free space 12 in the embodiment, depicted in FIG. 3 has a number of conductors 20 , which result in the formation of a plurality of turbulence zones and, thus, effect an intensification of the drawing process.
  • this enables the production of even preferably microfibers with special effects, such as thin points.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of a longitudinal sectional view of another embodiment of the device of the invention.
  • the embodiment, according to FIG. 4 is in essence identical to the embodiment according to FIG. 1 , so that only the differences are explained below, and otherwise reference is made to the above description.
  • the blower 3 exhibits a suction unit 21 below the spinneret 1 .
  • the suction unit 21 is connected to the pressure chambers 8 . 1 and 8 . 2 .
  • the suction unit 21 takes in the surrounding air from below the spinneret 1 and feeds it to the pressure chambers 8 . 1 and 8 . 2 .
  • the blowing stream for drawing the fiber strands can be produced advantageously from the surrounding air.
  • the surrounding air exhibits a room temperature that may range, as a function of the surroundings, from 15° C. to 40° C.
  • the result is that the blowing stream can be provided and produced at a very low cost.
  • the embodiment, depicted in FIG. 4 exhibits an injector 22 in order to further improve the guide of the fibers below the blowing nozzles 4 . 1 and 4 . 2 in the free space 12 .
  • the surrounding air pending in the free space 12 from the surrounding is directly involved without any outside assistance in the guiding and cooling of the fibers.
  • climate-controlled air it is also possible for climate-controlled air to be drawn into the free space 12 . Then, as the conditioned air, the climate-controlled air can be predetermined with respect to the air temperature, humidity and air quantity so that specific cooling conditions at the fibers can be set.
  • such mechanisms are used preferably in those cases, in which the blowing stream must be produced from a relatively warm air.
  • inventive method and the inventive device for carrying out the inventive method are suitable for use with polymer melts of all current polymers, such as polyester, polyamide, polypropylene or polyethylene.
  • a polymer which is made of a polypropylene, is melted to form a melt and extruded through a nozzle hole having a capillary diameter of 0.6 mm and a melt throughput of 6 g/min. per nozzle hole.
  • the number of nozzle holes was 36 .
  • the pressure chambers 8 . 1 and 8 . 2 were supplied with air at room temperature and an overpressure of 260 mbar. Therefore, the configuration of the device, depicted in FIG. 2 , was used in order to draw the extruded fiber strands so as to form microfibers.
  • the PP microfibers were deposited to form a non-woven fabric with a weight per unit of area of 50 g/m 2 .
  • An analysis of a non-woven fabric sample revealed a fiber fineness of the microfiber in a range between 2.5 and 25.1 ⁇ m.
  • the average fiber cross section of the microfibers was 5.2 ⁇ m.
  • the subsequent determination of the elongation at break of a non-woven fabric sample which was 40 mm long, yielded a value of 63% in the machine direction and 70% in the cross direction.
  • a maximum tensile strength of 29 N in the machine direction and 17 N in the cross direction could be determined. Therefore, in comparison with conventional melt-blown non-woven fabrics with finite fiber pieces, an approximately 300% improvement in the physical properties could be determined.
  • FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the weight per unit of area of the non-woven fabric and the attained elongation at break.
  • the capital letters MD and CD designate the orientation of the non-woven material, where MD (machine direction) stands for the machine direction and CD (cross direction) stands for the cross direction in the non-woven fabric.
  • MD machine direction
  • CD cross direction
  • FIG. 6 shows a diagram of the tensile strength of the non-woven fabric as a function of the weight per unit of area.
  • the maximum tensile strength was above 5 N for non-woven materials with a weight per unit of area of about 10 g/m 2 and above 25 N for non-woven materials with a weight per unit of area of about 50 g/m irrespective of the direction of pull. Therefore, such non-woven materials are especially suitable for applications, where deformations, such as in hygienic materials, must be tolerated, or where deformations occur during production.
  • the microfiber characteristics of the non-woven fabric, according to the invention result, on the one hand, in an air and/or vapor permeability with a simultaneous low penetration tendency.
  • the non-woven materials can be used preferably as barrier products, such as in the hygiene sector for diapers and sanitary napkins.
  • barrier products such as in the hygiene sector for diapers and sanitary napkins.
  • applications in medical technology, such as wound dressings, are also possible.
  • the non-woven fabrics made of such fibers, may be included in an especially advantageous manner in composite materials.
  • the suction capability and blocking effect of such non-woven fabrics may be used advantageously in a composite non-woven fabric in order to form a barrier layer.
  • the significantly high elongation and tensile strength of the inventive melt-blown method also lead to improved processing. Even applications with small deformation, such as in hygienic products, are possible without any problems.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
US11/693,235 2004-09-30 2007-03-29 Device and method for melt spinning fine non-woven fibers Abandoned US20070202769A1 (en)

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DEDE102004047537.7 2004-09-30
DE102004047537 2004-09-30
PCT/EP2004/014403 WO2006037371A1 (fr) 2004-09-30 2004-12-17 Procede de fusion-soufflage destine au filage par fusion de fines fibres de non-tisses et dispositif de mise en oeuvre de ce procede

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CN103469317A (zh) * 2013-09-29 2013-12-25 无锡众望四维科技有限公司 熔喷机的熔喷头结构
CN109868513A (zh) * 2018-12-14 2019-06-11 朴哲范 一种原位成纤的纳米纤维增强的聚合物纤维
CN109868512A (zh) * 2018-12-14 2019-06-11 朴哲范 一种聚合物挤出法非织造布生产设备、生产线及生产工艺
CN111748145A (zh) * 2019-03-26 2020-10-09 朴哲范 一种用于制备汽车零部件的纳米纤维复合热塑性弹性体
US11447893B2 (en) 2017-11-22 2022-09-20 Extrusion Group, LLC Meltblown die tip assembly and method
CN116219563A (zh) * 2023-01-31 2023-06-06 南通大学 一种纳米纤维纺丝喷嘴
US12123121B2 (en) 2018-03-20 2024-10-22 Aladdin Manufacturing Corporation Method for manufacturing a carpet or a rug and a carpet or rug obtained thereby

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WO2013152858A1 (fr) 2012-04-11 2013-10-17 Ap Fibre Gmbh Nappes de microfibres et produits similaires au papier et leur procédé de fabrication
CN103510164B (zh) * 2013-09-26 2016-06-29 苏州大学 应用于制备纳米纤维的熔喷喷嘴部件及喷嘴装置
CN106687634A (zh) 2014-06-16 2017-05-17 格罗兹-贝克特公司 用于形成合捻结构的多模具熔喷系统及其方法
CN104073897A (zh) * 2014-07-04 2014-10-01 南通丽洋新材料开发有限公司 一种喉管式冷风牵伸熔融微纤维纺丝装置
JP6171072B1 (ja) * 2016-11-14 2017-07-26 関西電子株式会社 樹脂ファイバの製造方法、これに用いられるノズルヘッド及び製造装置
CN109177150B (zh) * 2018-08-28 2020-04-10 北京化工大学 一种同轴3d打印工艺及设备
GB2607211B (en) * 2019-12-18 2023-10-25 Kimberly Clark Co Nonwoven web with increased CD strength
CN113502549B (zh) * 2021-05-28 2022-10-28 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种熔喷纺丝组件
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Cited By (9)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080242171A1 (en) * 2007-03-29 2008-10-02 Tao Huang Production of nanofibers by melt spinning
US8277711B2 (en) 2007-03-29 2012-10-02 E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company Production of nanofibers by melt spinning
CN103469317A (zh) * 2013-09-29 2013-12-25 无锡众望四维科技有限公司 熔喷机的熔喷头结构
US11447893B2 (en) 2017-11-22 2022-09-20 Extrusion Group, LLC Meltblown die tip assembly and method
US12123121B2 (en) 2018-03-20 2024-10-22 Aladdin Manufacturing Corporation Method for manufacturing a carpet or a rug and a carpet or rug obtained thereby
CN109868513A (zh) * 2018-12-14 2019-06-11 朴哲范 一种原位成纤的纳米纤维增强的聚合物纤维
CN109868512A (zh) * 2018-12-14 2019-06-11 朴哲范 一种聚合物挤出法非织造布生产设备、生产线及生产工艺
CN111748145A (zh) * 2019-03-26 2020-10-09 朴哲范 一种用于制备汽车零部件的纳米纤维复合热塑性弹性体
CN116219563A (zh) * 2023-01-31 2023-06-06 南通大学 一种纳米纤维纺丝喷嘴

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