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US20070180790A1 - Shear connector using perforated and/or cut out plate - Google Patents

Shear connector using perforated and/or cut out plate Download PDF

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Publication number
US20070180790A1
US20070180790A1 US10/574,355 US57435504A US2007180790A1 US 20070180790 A1 US20070180790 A1 US 20070180790A1 US 57435504 A US57435504 A US 57435504A US 2007180790 A1 US2007180790 A1 US 2007180790A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
web
connector
flange
shear connector
concrete
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Abandoned
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US10/574,355
Inventor
Ki Hong Lee
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Assigned to LEE, KI HONG reassignment LEE, KI HONG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: JI, GEONG MIN, KIM, YOUNG HO, KIM, YOUNG SUK, PARK, JONG MYEN, YOU, SUNG KUN
Publication of US20070180790A1 publication Critical patent/US20070180790A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/29—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures
    • E04C3/293—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures the materials being steel and concrete
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
    • E04C5/06—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of high bending resistance, i.e. of essentially three-dimensional extent, e.g. lattice girders
    • E04C5/0645—Shear reinforcements, e.g. shearheads for floor slabs

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a shear connector used between a steel material and a concrete, and in particular to a shear connector using a perforated and/or cut-out plate.
  • a combined structure used in architecture, or civil engineering field, etc. is designed with long span and high weight. Therefore, a desired strength is not achieved with only a pure steel structure, and a steel material needed is increased. Therefore, a constructed cross section or a material strength gets increased using a large mass concrete for thereby enhancing a weight resistance ability.
  • a shear connector is installed between a steel beam and a concrete slave for thereby achieving a mechanical adhering force (namely, shearing resistance) against a horizontal shear force.
  • FIG. 5 is a view illustrating a beam member capable of supporting a bending moment in such a manner that a H steel beam member 51 and a concrete slave 52 are formed integrally by a stud connector 53 .
  • the beam can be classified into a combined beam and a non-combined beam depending on the presence of a shear connector.
  • the concrete slave 52 and the steel beam 51 form neutral axes Z s and Z b , respectively and are bendable. At this time, a slip phenomenon may occur between the steel beam surface and the concrete. In addition, an uplift force f up occurs at a contacting surface between the steel beam surface and the concrete.
  • FIGS. 7 a through 7 c are views illustrating a transformation state and a bending stress distribution with respect to an operation bending moment in a combined beam which the enough amount of shear connectors are installed at an upper side of the beam so that a slip phenomenon does not occur between the concrete slave and the steel beam.
  • the resistance at the cross section has an in-facial shear stress (horizontal shear force ⁇ h ) and an out-facial shear force (vertical shear force ⁇ v , uplift force).
  • a shear connector having the above two resistance functions should be provided in order to obtain a perfect combination between the concrete and the steel material.
  • a stud connector has been used as a shear connector in order to achieve a combined effect between the steel material and the concrete in architecture, or civil engineering field, etc., for thereby transferring an in-facial shear force between different materials.
  • a circular head and a body are formed integrally.
  • An arc stud welding machine is needed for a work at a construction site, or a factory, etc.
  • the arc stud welding needs 220V/380V (three-phase) voltage and over fixed rate current of 350 ⁇ 1000KA. Therefore, there are many problems in that it is impossible to obtain a fixed rate voltage or current at a remote area or a small size factory.
  • the anchorage effect may be decreased due to a frequent vibration or fatigue weight load.
  • a shear connector comprising a flange and a web having a plurality of holes.
  • a shear connector comprising a flange formed of a plurality of flange pieces cut-out in biased shapes, and a web having a plurality of holes.
  • a shear connector comprising an upper flange and a web having a plurality of through holes.
  • a combination operation with a steel material is enhanced, so that a separation is prevented between concrete and a steel material, and thereby, a resistance with respect to a uplift operation and a facial shear resistance are enhanced.
  • FIGS. 1 a and 1 b are perspective views of a shear connector according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIGS. 2 a and 2 b are perspective views of a shear connector according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 3 a and 3 b are perspective views of a shear connector according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of another example of a shear connector according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a partly cut-out perspective view of a beam member combination beam capable of resisting a bending moment in such a manner that a H-shaped beam member 51 and a concrete slave 52 are integrated using a stud connector 53 ;
  • FIGS. 6 a through 6 c are views illustrating a transformation state and a bending stress distribution in a non-combined beam in which a shear connector is not installed between a concrete slave and a steel beam;
  • FIGS. 7 a through 7 c are views of a transformation state and a bending stress distribution with respect to an operation bending moment in a beam combined with a concrete slave wherein the enough amount of shear connectors are installed at an upper side of the steel beam so that a slip phenomenon does not occur between the concrete slave and the steel beam.
  • FIG. 1 a is a view of a shear connector 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the shear connector 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention is formed of a T-shaped steel having a flange 10 and a web 20 .
  • a plurality of through holes 12 and 22 are formed at the flange 10 and the web 20 at regular intervals.
  • the through holes 12 and 22 are provided in order to increase a combining operation with concrete.
  • FIG. 1 a there are shown the shapes of the through holes 12 and 22 .
  • the through holes 12 and 22 may be formed in a rectangular shape, a triangle shape and a diamond shape.
  • a rounding portion 14 is formed in order to prevent a certain fatigue breakdown by a corner stress concentration.
  • the through holes 12 and 22 formed in the flange 10 and the web 20 are designed to secure a continuity of the concrete and are capable of preventing a material separation based on a wedge function with respect to the horizontal and the vertical shear forces.
  • reinforced steel may be inserted into the through holes 12 and 22 , respectively.
  • the reinforced steel is provided to enhance vertical and horizontal shear stresses. Namely, a brittleness property of the concrete is changed into a malleability property.
  • the flange 10 is provided in order to achieve a desired mounting effect with respect to an uplift force by limiting a flange lower concrete for thereby preventing a separation between the contacting surfaces of the materials.
  • FIGS. 2 a and 2 b are views illustrating a shear connector 2 according to second embodiment of the present invention.
  • a plurality of through holes 22 are formed on the web 20 .
  • the plate forming the flange 10 is formed of a plurality of flange pieces 16 and 18 wherein the flange pieces are cut-out in a biased shape.
  • the construction that the flanges 10 are cut-out based on a biased method is provided in order to prevent the problems that the concrete is not effectively filled in the lower side of the flange after the concrete is filled.
  • the brittleness breakage is prevented during the shearing resistance by slightly decreasing the strength of the flange. Therefore, the malleability property can be achieved.
  • cut-out flanges 10 are capable of coping with the horizontal shear stresses by the wedge functions of the concrete.
  • the through holes 22 formed at the web 20 can be formed in various shapes like the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • a corner portion is formed at the through holes in a triangle shape, a rectangular shape, and a diamond shape, a fatigue breakage may occur by the corner stress concentration as shown in FIG. 2 b . Therefore, a rounding portion 14 is provided in order to decentralize the stress concentration.
  • FIGS. 3 a and 3 b are views illustrating a shear connector 3 according to third embodiment of the present invention.
  • a shear connector 3 according to third embodiment of the present invention.
  • a plurality of through holes are formed at an upper flange and a web.
  • a lower flange 30 is designed to enhance the weldability for thereby achieving a stable adherence with the steel material.
  • a plurality of protrusions (not shown) and/or grooves (not shown) can be formed at the web and the flange for thereby enhancing a friction force with the concrete.
  • the web 20 of the shear connector 1 , 2 or 3 according to the present invention may be formed to have a plurality of ridges and valley portions in the shape of a wave. Therefore, it is possible to guide a small size breakage, not a big size breakage based on a pocket effect of concrete filled into the valley portions of the web 20 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a shear connector having perforated and/or cut-out plates. In a T-shaped steel plate having a certain length, there are provided a plurality of through holes at a flange and a web. The flanges may be cut-out in biased method, and a plurality of through holes may be formed at the web. In the present invention, it is possible to achieve a perfect combination or a partial combination effect between a steel material and concrete. In addition, it is possible to enhance a weight resistance ability and a resistance ability with respect to transformation in such a manner that weight transfer function is provided between different materials.

Description

    TECHNICAL FIELD
  • The present invention relates to a shear connector used between a steel material and a concrete, and in particular to a shear connector using a perforated and/or cut-out plate.
    • BACKGROUND ART
  • A combined structure used in architecture, or civil engineering field, etc. is designed with long span and high weight. Therefore, a desired strength is not achieved with only a pure steel structure, and a steel material needed is increased. Therefore, a constructed cross section or a material strength gets increased using a large mass concrete for thereby enhancing a weight resistance ability.
  • In particular, when a bending member is implemented using a combined structure, a shear connector is installed between a steel beam and a concrete slave for thereby achieving a mechanical adhering force (namely, shearing resistance) against a horizontal shear force.
  • FIG. 5 is a view illustrating a beam member capable of supporting a bending moment in such a manner that a H steel beam member 51 and a concrete slave 52 are formed integrally by a stud connector 53. The beam can be classified into a combined beam and a non-combined beam depending on the presence of a shear connector.
  • In the non-combined beam in which the shear connector is not installed between the concrete slave and steel material, there are a transformation state and a bending stress distribution with respect to an operation bending moment as shown in FIGS. 6 a through 6 c. At this time, it is assumed that a friction force between the concrete slave and the steel material surface is too weak, so that it can be neglected.
  • As shown therein, the concrete slave 52 and the steel beam 51 form neutral axes Zs and Zb, respectively and are bendable. At this time, a slip phenomenon may occur between the steel beam surface and the concrete. In addition, an uplift force fup occurs at a contacting surface between the steel beam surface and the concrete.
  • FIGS. 7 a through 7 c are views illustrating a transformation state and a bending stress distribution with respect to an operation bending moment in a combined beam which the enough amount of shear connectors are installed at an upper side of the beam so that a slip phenomenon does not occur between the concrete slave and the steel beam.
  • The resistance at the cross section has an in-facial shear stress (horizontal shear force σh) and an out-facial shear force (vertical shear force σv, uplift force). Namely, a shear connector having the above two resistance functions should be provided in order to obtain a perfect combination between the concrete and the steel material.
  • Generally, a stud connector has been used as a shear connector in order to achieve a combined effect between the steel material and the concrete in architecture, or civil engineering field, etc., for thereby transferring an in-facial shear force between different materials.
  • In the stud connector, a circular head and a body are formed integrally. An arc stud welding machine is needed for a work at a construction site, or a factory, etc.
  • However, the arc stud welding needs 220V/380V (three-phase) voltage and over fixed rate current of 350˜1000KA. Therefore, there are many problems in that it is impossible to obtain a fixed rate voltage or current at a remote area or a small size factory.
  • In addition, since the conventional stud connector has a small size head, a desired combination effect cannot be achieved in material separation prevention with respect to uplift force and an anchorage effect.
  • Furthermore, the anchorage effect may be decreased due to a frequent vibration or fatigue weight load.
    • DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION
  • Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a shear connector having a perforated and/or cut-out plate capable of overcoming the problems encountered in the conventional art.
  • It is another object of the present invention to provide a shear connector having a perforated and/or cut-out plate capable of being easily constructed, achieving a perfect combination and a partial combination effect and enhancing a weight resistance ability and a resistance ability with respect to transformations in such a manner that a weight transfer function is provided between different materials.
  • It is further another object of the present invention to provide a shear connector having a perforated and/or cut-out plate capable of achieving the same resistance performances with respect to an in-facial shear stress and an out-facial shear stress.
  • To achieve the above objects, according to an aspect of the present invention, in a T-shaped steel plate having a predetermined length, there is provided a shear connector, comprising a flange and a web having a plurality of holes.
  • To achieve the above objects, according to other aspect of the present invention, in a T-shaped steel plate having a predetermined length, there is provided a shear connector, comprising a flange formed of a plurality of flange pieces cut-out in biased shapes, and a web having a plurality of holes.
  • To achieve the above objects, according to another aspect of the present invention, in a Z-shaped steel plate having a predetermined length, there is provided a shear connector, comprising an upper flange and a web having a plurality of through holes.
  • Therefore, in the present invention, a combination operation with a steel material is enhanced, so that a separation is prevented between concrete and a steel material, and thereby, a resistance with respect to a uplift operation and a facial shear resistance are enhanced.
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
  • The present invention will become better understood with reference to the accompanying drawings which are given only by way of illustration and thus are not limitative of the present invention, wherein;
  • FIGS. 1 a and 1 b are perspective views of a shear connector according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
  • FIGS. 2 a and 2 b are perspective views of a shear connector according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
  • FIGS. 3 a and 3 b are perspective views of a shear connector according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of another example of a shear connector according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
  • FIG. 5 is a partly cut-out perspective view of a beam member combination beam capable of resisting a bending moment in such a manner that a H-shaped beam member 51 and a concrete slave 52 are integrated using a stud connector 53;
  • FIGS. 6 a through 6 c are views illustrating a transformation state and a bending stress distribution in a non-combined beam in which a shear connector is not installed between a concrete slave and a steel beam; and
  • FIGS. 7 a through 7 c are views of a transformation state and a bending stress distribution with respect to an operation bending moment in a beam combined with a concrete slave wherein the enough amount of shear connectors are installed at an upper side of the steel beam so that a slip phenomenon does not occur between the concrete slave and the steel beam.
    • BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
  • The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • FIG. 1 a is a view of a shear connector 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. As shown therein, the shear connector 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention is formed of a T-shaped steel having a flange 10 and a web 20. A plurality of through holes 12 and 22 are formed at the flange 10 and the web 20 at regular intervals.
  • Here, the through holes 12 and 22 are provided in order to increase a combining operation with concrete. As shown in FIG. 1 a, there are shown the shapes of the through holes 12 and 22. However, the shapes are not limited to the shapes of FIG. 1 a. The through holes 12 and 22 may be formed in a rectangular shape, a triangle shape and a diamond shape. In addition, in the case that a corner is formed at the through hole like a triangle shape, a rectangular shape and a diamond shape, as shown in FIG. 1 b, a rounding portion 14 is formed in order to prevent a certain fatigue breakdown by a corner stress concentration.
  • The through holes 12 and 22 formed in the flange 10 and the web 20 are designed to secure a continuity of the concrete and are capable of preventing a material separation based on a wedge function with respect to the horizontal and the vertical shear forces. In addition, reinforced steel may be inserted into the through holes 12 and 22, respectively. Here, the reinforced steel is provided to enhance vertical and horizontal shear stresses. Namely, a brittleness property of the concrete is changed into a malleability property.
  • The flange 10 is provided in order to achieve a desired mounting effect with respect to an uplift force by limiting a flange lower concrete for thereby preventing a separation between the contacting surfaces of the materials.
  • FIGS. 2 a and 2 b are views illustrating a shear connector 2 according to second embodiment of the present invention. A plurality of through holes 22 are formed on the web 20. The plate forming the flange 10 is formed of a plurality of flange pieces 16 and 18 wherein the flange pieces are cut-out in a biased shape.
  • At this time, the construction that the flanges 10 are cut-out based on a biased method is provided in order to prevent the problems that the concrete is not effectively filled in the lower side of the flange after the concrete is filled. The brittleness breakage is prevented during the shearing resistance by slightly decreasing the strength of the flange. Therefore, the malleability property can be achieved.
  • In addition, the cut-out flanges 10 are capable of coping with the horizontal shear stresses by the wedge functions of the concrete.
  • The through holes 22 formed at the web 20 can be formed in various shapes like the first embodiment of the present invention. In the case that a corner portion is formed at the through holes in a triangle shape, a rectangular shape, and a diamond shape, a fatigue breakage may occur by the corner stress concentration as shown in FIG. 2 b. Therefore, a rounding portion 14 is provided in order to decentralize the stress concentration.
  • FIGS. 3 a and 3 b are views illustrating a shear connector 3 according to third embodiment of the present invention. As shown therein, in a Z-shaped steel plate, a plurality of through holes are formed at an upper flange and a web. At this time, a lower flange 30 is designed to enhance the weldability for thereby achieving a stable adherence with the steel material.
  • In the preferred embodiments of the present invention, a plurality of protrusions (not shown) and/or grooves (not shown) can be formed at the web and the flange for thereby enhancing a friction force with the concrete.
  • As shown in FIG. 4, the web 20 of the shear connector 1, 2 or 3 according to the present invention may be formed to have a plurality of ridges and valley portions in the shape of a wave. Therefore, it is possible to guide a small size breakage, not a big size breakage based on a pocket effect of concrete filled into the valley portions of the web 20.
    • INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
  • As described above, in the present invention, it is possible to achieve a perfect combination and a partial combination effect between a steel material and concrete. In addition, a weight resistance ability and a resistance ability with respect to transformation are significantly enhanced in such a manner that a weight transfer function is provided between different materials.
  • The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. As the present invention may be embodied in several forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof, it should also be understood that the above-described examples are not limited by any of the details of the foregoing description, unless otherwise specified, but rather should be construed broadly within its spirit and scope as defined in the appended claims, and therefore all changes and modifications that fall within the meets and bounds of the claims, or equivalences of such meets and bounds are therefore intended to be embraced by the appended claims.

Claims (12)

1. A shear connector having a predetermined length in a T-shaped steel plate, comprising:
a flange and a web having a plurality of through holes.
2. The connector of claim 1, wherein said web has a plurality of valley portions and ridges in wave shapes.
3. The connector of claim 1, wherein a plurality of protrusions and/or grooves are formed at the flange and the web.
4. The connector of claim 3, wherein said web has a plurality of valley portions and ridges in wave shapes.
5. A shear connector having a predetermined length in a T-shaped steel plate, comprising:
a flange formed of a plurality of flange pieces wherein said flange pieces are cut-out in biased shapes; and
a web having a plurality of through holes.
6. The connector of claim 5, wherein said web has a plurality of valley portions and ridges in wave shapes.
7. The connector of claim 5, wherein a plurality of protrusions and/or grooves are formed at the flange and the web, respectively.
8. The connector of claim 7, wherein said web has a plurality of valley portions and ridges in wave shapes.
9. A shear connector having a predetermined length in a Z-shaped steel plate, comprising:
an upper flange and a web having a plurality of through holes.
10. The connector of claim 9, wherein said web has a plurality of valley portions and ridges in wave shapes.
11. The connector of claim 9, wherein a plurality of protrusions and/or grooves are formed at the flange and the web, respectively.
12. The connector of claim 11, wherein said web has a plurality of valley portions and ridges in wave shapes.
US10/574,355 2003-10-01 2004-06-24 Shear connector using perforated and/or cut out plate Abandoned US20070180790A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1020030068475A KR100585503B1 (en) 2003-10-01 2003-10-01 Shear connector using perforated and / or staggered steel sheets
KR10-2003-0068475 2003-10-01
PCT/KR2004/001529 WO2005031081A1 (en) 2003-10-01 2004-06-24 Shear connector using perforated and/or cut out plate

Publications (1)

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US20070180790A1 true US20070180790A1 (en) 2007-08-09

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US10/574,355 Abandoned US20070180790A1 (en) 2003-10-01 2004-06-24 Shear connector using perforated and/or cut out plate

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US (1) US20070180790A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1682732A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2007507629A (en)
KR (1) KR100585503B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1863973A (en)
BR (1) BRPI0414937A (en)
CA (1) CA2540492A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2005031081A1 (en)

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US20120023858A1 (en) * 2009-04-03 2012-02-02 Jae Ho Lee Truss-type shear reinforcement material having double anchorage functions at both top and bottom thereof
CN112012399A (en) * 2020-07-31 2020-12-01 中冶(上海)钢结构科技有限公司 Method for arranging stirrup without punching steel skeleton beam web
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JP6590192B2 (en) * 2015-07-31 2019-10-16 清水建設株式会社 Strength evaluation method and design method of high performance perforated steel plate gibber
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CN108104272A (en) * 2017-12-12 2018-06-01 上海市政工程设计研究总院（集团）有限公司 A kind of shear connector used in steel-concrete combined structure
CN108277886B (en) * 2018-02-05 2019-08-27 沈阳建筑大学 A T-shaped CR shear connector for steel concrete columns
CN108222372B (en) * 2018-02-05 2020-05-29 沈阳建筑大学 Shear connector and manufacturing method thereof, and profile steel concrete column and pouring method thereof
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KR102092499B1 (en) * 2019-01-15 2020-03-23 주식회사 승일 Aerosol can having overpressure protector and valve assembly thereof

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US20120023858A1 (en) * 2009-04-03 2012-02-02 Jae Ho Lee Truss-type shear reinforcement material having double anchorage functions at both top and bottom thereof
US11408170B2 (en) * 2019-02-06 2022-08-09 Flexible OR Solutions LLC Universal pre-fabricated operating room ceiling system
CN112012399A (en) * 2020-07-31 2020-12-01 中冶(上海)钢结构科技有限公司 Method for arranging stirrup without punching steel skeleton beam web

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KR20050032421A (en) 2005-04-07
CA2540492A1 (en) 2005-04-07
CN1863973A (en) 2006-11-15
EP1682732A1 (en) 2006-07-26
WO2005031081A1 (en) 2005-04-07
BRPI0414937A (en) 2006-11-07
KR100585503B1 (en) 2006-06-07
JP2007507629A (en) 2007-03-29

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