US20070065308A1

US20070065308A1 - Diaphragm pump and cooling system with the diaphragm pump

Info

Publication number: US20070065308A1
Application number: US10/566,580
Authority: US
Inventors: Mitsuru Yamamoto; Yasuhiro Sasaki; Atsushi Ochi; Sakae Kitajo
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: NEC Corp
Priority date: 2003-08-04
Filing date: 2004-07-21
Publication date: 2007-03-22
Also published as: CN100510400C; WO2005012729A1; TW200508489A; CN1833105A; JPWO2005012729A1; TWI255886B

Abstract

A diaphragm pump enabling an increase in pump efficiency by reducing the pressure loss of liquid and reduction in thickness. The flow passage in piezoelectric pump (1) includes a pressure chamber (50) formed into a flat shape in cross section and a suction side flow passage (70 a) and discharge side flow passage (70 b). The suction side flow passage (70 a) and the discharge side flow passage (70 b) are disposed at both ends of the pressure chamber (50) so that the axes thereof are aligned with each other. The check valves (20 a , 20 b) are respectively disposed on the suction side flow passage (70 a) and the discharge side flow passage (70 b), and are tilted relative to the flow direction of the liquid.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a diaphragm pump used for a cooling system or the like, and in particular, relates to a slim diaphragm pump capable of discharging liquid efficiently. Further, the present invention relates to a cooling system with the diaphragm pump used for cooling electronic equipment or the like.

BACKGROUND ART

As the performance of electronic equipment becomes higher and processing speed is enhanced, power consumption for electronic parts such as CPU increases. As a result, the heating value in the electronic parts becomes high, and it is absolutely necessary to have a technology that can efficiently dissipate heat generated from the electronic parts and that remains inside the electronic equipment in terms of ensuring reliable operation of the electronic equipment.
As a cooling technique for a portable personal computer such as a notebook personal computer, instead of an air-cooled cooing system, there is proposed a water-cooled cooling system that can provide cooling by circulating liquid by a pump (for example, refer to Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-232174). The water-cooled cooling system is provided with a closed-structure flow passage to be in thermally contact with heating parts, such as electronic parts, and a pump to circulate the liquid inside the flow passage. The cooling system dissipates heat by circulating the liquid that is heated by the heated parts with the pump, so as to provide cooling for the heated parts.
As the pump for the cooling system, a piezoelectric pump, a kind of diaphragm pump, which is compact and capable of generating a high discharge pressure, is often used. The piezoelectric pump is usually provided with a pressure chamber with a suction port and a discharge port, a piezoelectric oscillator disposed on a wall of the pressure chamber, and a flow passage that is connected with the suction port and the discharge port. In the piezoelectric pump, the piezoelectric oscillator functions as a diaphragm in the diaphragm pump. The piezoelectric oscillator is provided with an elastic plate made of metal and the like and a piezoelectric element bonded to the elastic plate. When a voltage is applied to the piezoelectric element, the elastic plate (piezoelectric oscillator itself) is bent and displaced. In the piezoelectric pump, by oscillating the piezoelectric oscillator, pressure operating on the liquid is generated in the pressure chamber. Further, the suction port and the discharge port are provided with check valves to prevent backflow of the liquid so as to restrict the flow direction of the liquid from the suction port to the discharge port.
FIG. 10 shows an example of a conventional piezoelectric pump. The piezoelectric pump shown in FIG. 10 is provided with piezoelectric oscillator 130 arranged to form an upper surface of pressure chamber 150. On the lower surface of pressure chamber 150, suction port 121 a is provided for ingesting the liquid and discharge port 121 b is provided for discharging the liquid. Suction side flow passage 170 a for supplying the liquid to suction port 121 a is formed under pressure chamber 150, and is connected with suction port 121 a. Discharge side flow passage 170 b, a flow passage for the liquid discharged from discharge port 121 b, is formed under the pressure chamber 150, and is connected with discharge port 121 b. With this arrangement, the flow passage of the liquid in piezoelectric pump 100 is formed from suction side flow passage 170 a to discharge side flow passage 170 b through suction port 121 a, pressure chamber 150, and discharge port 121 b in order.
Suction port 121 a and discharge port 121 b are respectively provided with suction valve 120 a and discharge valve 120 b. Suction valve 120 a and discharge valve 120 b are made from elastic members, such as silicon rubber, and respectively control the opening and closing of suction port 121 a and discharge port 121 b.
Piezoelectric pump 100, arranged as described above, operates as follows. When piezoelectric oscillator 130 is displaced upward and the volume in pressure chamber 150 is increased, there is a negative pressure in pressure chamber 150. With this operation, suction valve 120 a is opened and the liquid is supplied from suction side flow passage 170 a into pressure chamber 150. At this time, by the action of discharge valve 120 b, there is no backflow of the liquid from discharge side flow passage 170 b to pressure chamber 150. Then, piezoelectric oscillator 130 is displaced in the opposite direction, and the volume of pressure chamber 150 is reduced. Then, since the pressure in pressure chamber 150 is raised, discharge valve 120 b is opened and the liquid is discharged toward discharge side flow passage 170 b. At this time, since suction valve 120 a operates, there is no backflow of the liquid from pressure chamber 150 to suction side flow passage 170 a. Piezoelectric pump 100 functions as a pump by repeating the above-mentioned operations, and the liquid can flow in one direction.
However, in conventional pumps, the flow passage from the suction side flow passage to the discharge side flow passage via the pressure chamber is formed in being bent. For example, in piezoelectric pump 100 shown in FIG. 10, suction side flow passage 170 a and discharge side flow passage 170 b are formed under pressure chamber 150, and are each connected with suction port 121 a and discharge part 120 b arranged on the lower surface of pressure chamber 150. Accordingly, when piezoelectric pump 100 operates and the liquid flows along the flow passage, the flow direction of the liquid is bent at a point where the liquid flows from suction side flow passage 170 a into pressure chamber 150. The flow direction of the liquid which has passed through pressure chamber 150 is bent once again where the liquid flows from pressure chamber 150 to discharge side flow passage 170 b. In this way, when the flow of the liquid is changed rapidly, the pressure of the liquid is largely lost. As a result, the amount of flow of the liquid passing through the flow passage is reduced, and therefore the pump efficiency is decreased. The decrease in pump efficiency indicates a decrease in the cooling efficiency of the cooling system.
Further, in piezoelectric pump 100, suction port 121 a, discharge port 121 b, and respective flow passages 170 a, 170 b are positioned on/under the lower surface of pressure chamber 150. Accordingly, the thickness obtained by adding the thickness of pressure chamber 150 and the thickness of flow passages 170 a, 170 b means that the pump has a substantial thickness. The pump is incorporated in electronic equipment such as portable personal computers, and therefore it is desirable to make the pump thinner in order to reduce the thickness of electronic equipment.

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION

The present invention has its object to provide a diaphragm pump that enables an increase in pump efficiency by reducing the pressure loss of liquid and that enables reduction in thickness. Also, the present invention has its object to provide a cooling system that enables an increase in cooling efficiency by being provided with the diaphragm pump.
To achieve the above-mentioned object, a diaphragm pump according to the present invention includes:

- a pressure chamber formed into a flat shape and is filled up with liquid;
- a suction side flow passage and a discharge side flow passage disposed at both ends of the pressure chamber so that axes thereof are aligned with each other and are connected with the pressure chamber;
- check valves, respectively disposed on the suction side flow passage and the discharge side flow passage, at least one of the check valves being tilted relative to the direction of the axes; and

at least one diaphragm disposed on at least one of an upper surface and a lower surface of the pressure chamber and for oscillation to make a volume of the pressure chamber variable.
According to the present invention, the suction side flow passage and the discharge side flow passage are disposed at both ends of the pressure chamber so that the pressure chamber is sandwiched between the flow passages and the flow passages are connected with the pressure chamber. The suction side flow passage and the discharge side flow passage are extended in the same direction so that axes thereof are aligned with each other. Therefore, the flow passage for the pump, including the respective flow passages and the pressure chamber, is formed in a straight line without being bent, and thus the pressure loss of the liquid is reduced and the liquid flows efficiently. Also, check valves respectively disposed in the flow passages are tilted relative to the axial direction of these flow passages, namely, the flow direction of the liquid, and thus the pressure loss of the liquid is further reduced. Additionally, since the pressure chamber is formed into a flat shape and, since the suction side flow passage and the discharge side flow passage are disposed at both ends of the pressure chamber, the whole of the pump is reduced in thickness. The diaphragm is arranged on at least one upper surface and one the down surface of the pressure chamber so as to operate on a surface having a large area in the flat-shaped pressure chamber, and thus oscillation by the diaphragm is transmitted to the pressure chamber efficiently. Therefore, the driving source is reduced in size, work is saved, and the size of the pump is also reduced.
Each of the flow passages may be formed so that the axes thereof are positioned at the center of a cross-sectional shape of the pressure chamber on a surface orthogonal to the axes. Accordingly, the flow of the liquid in the pressure chamber is even around the axes. With this arrangement, since the axes of the respective flow passages approximately pass through the center of the pressure chamber, the space in the pressure chamber is approximately symmetric relative to the axes. Accordingly, the flow passage of the liquid is approximately symmetric relative to the axes, and thus the pressure loss of the liquid in the pressure chamber is reduced.
Each cross-sectional shape of flow passages and the pressure chamber is formed in an approximate rectangle in cross section. In this case, these can be formed by a cutting process or the like, and thus manufacturing is easy. In particular, when the lower surfaces of the flow passages and the pressure chamber are formed on the same surface, manufacturing is easy. Further, since the flow passage is made flatly, the liquid is circulated efficiently. In order to further reduce the pressure loss of the liquid, the length of the pressure chamber, viewed from an upper surface in a direction orthogonal to the axes, may be continuously shortened toward the suction side flow passage or toward the discharge side flow passage. Also, a height of the pressure chamber may be continuously lowered toward the suction side flow passage or the discharge side flow passage. In both cases, the section of the pressure chamber is made smaller continuously toward the respective flow passages, and thus the pressure loss of the liquid in the pressure chamber is reduced.
In the diaphragm pump according to the present invention, at least one groove may be formed in a peripheral wall of the pressure chamber and can accelerate the flow of the liquid downstream in a flow direction. The groove may have a part with an opening opened to the pressure chamber, into which the liquid flows, and a side part with an opening opened to a peripheral wall surface of the pressure chamber, from which the liquid is discharged downstream in the flow direction. The groove may be extended in a radial direction while a point in the vicinity of the entrance of the discharge side flow passage is set as a center. By arranging the groove, when pressure is applied to the pressure chamber by the diaphragm, the liquid is discharged from the side part with an opening downstream and the flow of liquid is accelerated.
The diaphragm pump may include: at least one intake opened to an upper surface of the suction side flow passage and is used to introduce bubbles mixed in the liquid; and a sealed space connected with the intake and is used to collect the introduced bubbles. The intake may be positioned in the suction side flow passage upstream relative to the check valve. Bubble collection means like this are arranged in this way, and thus the bubbles mixed in the liquid are collected and are prevented from entering the pressure chamber. In this way, by removing bubbles from the flow passages and the pressure chamber, the pressure loss of the liquid is further reduced. The intake is positioned in the suction side flow passage upstream relative to the check valve, and thus the bubbles are efficiently prevented from entering the pressure chamber.
The diaphragm pump is a so-called piezoelectric pump in which the driving source is a piezoelectric element. The piezoelectric element enables a reduction in the size and thickness of the pump.
Further, the above-mentioned diaphragm pump is available for a cooling system that has a closed-structure flow passage for circulating liquid discharged from the discharge side flow passage in the diaphragm pump and for returning the liquid to the suction side flow passage. The cooling system cools electric equipment efficiently. In particular, the cooling system having a pump with the bubble collection means circulates the liquid efficiently for a long period because the bubbles in the flow passage are collected.
Additionally, in this description, a “flat” pressure chamber is a pressure chamber in which a length of the pressure chamber in the height direction is shorter than one-half of the maximum length of the pressure chamber viewed from the upper surface in the axial direction, and than one-half of the maximum length in the direction orthogonal to the axis.
According to the present invention, by adding ideas to the structure of the diaphragm pump, the pressure loss of the liquid is reduced and the pump is improved in pump efficiency and is reduced in thickness. Also, the cooling system is provided with the diaphragm pump, and thus the cooling system is improved in cooling efficiency and is reduced in thickness.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows schematic views of a cooling system provided with a piezoelectric pump of a first embodiment according to the present invention,
FIG. 1(a) is a plan view showing a liquid passage in the cooling system, and
FIG. 1(b) is a sectional view along line X-X in FIG. 1(a).
FIG. 2 shows the piezoelectric pump of the first embodiment, FIG. 2(a) is a lateral section view, and FIG. 2(b) is a longitudinal section view viewed from an upper surface side.
FIG. 3 shows the piezoelectric pump of a second embodiment, FIG. 3(a) is a lateral section view, and FIG. 3(b) is a longitudinal section view viewed from an upper surface side.
FIG. 4 is a perspective enlarged view showing one returning groove and a flow direction of liquid.
FIG. 5 is a partial enlarged view showing a modification of the shapes of returning grooves.
FIG. 6 is a section view showing a modification of the shape of a pressure chamber.
FIG. 7 shows one example of a piezoelectric pump according to a third embodiment.
FIG. 8 shows another example of a piezoelectric pump according to the third embodiment.
FIG. 9 shows further another example of a piezoelectric pump according to the third embodiment.
FIG. 10 is a section view showing a conventional piezoelectric pump.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Hereinafter, explanations are given of embodiments according to the present invention with reference to drawings.

First Embodiment

FIG. 1 shows schematic views of a cooling system provided with a piezoelectric pump of a first embodiment according to the present invention, FIG. 1(a) is a plan view showing a liquid passage in the cooling system, and FIG. 1(b) is a sectional view along line X-X in FIG. 1(a).
Cooling system 10 shown in FIG. 1 is a water-cooled cooling apparatus preferably used for providing cooling for electronic equipment, such as a portable personal computer. Cooling system 10 is roughly provided with flow passage unit 60 in which circulation flow passage 60 a is formed and piezoelectric pump 1 connected to flow passage unit 60 and is used to circulate liquid in the flow passage. Flow passage unit 60 and piezoelectric pump 1 provide a closed-structure flow passage. Inside the flow passage, liquid to be circulated is filled up.
In flow passage unit 60, circulation flow passage 60 a is formed in a predetermined pattern. There are no particular limitations to the sectional shape of circulation flow passage 60 a, and may be rectangular or circular. In the case of flow passage unit 60 having a flat shape as in the first embodiment, circulation flow passage 60 a is preferably formed in a rectangle in the cross section. Since a sectional shape of flat-shaped flow passage unit 60 is a shape in which plate members are overlaid, circulation flow passage 60 a is formed in a rectangle in cross section, for example, a groove is formed in one plate member and is joined with another plate member, thereby forming circulation flow passage 60 a easily. Piezoelectric pump 1 is connected to both ends of circulation flow passage 60 a, and thus is formed in one closed-structure flow passage in association with circulation flow passage 60 a. Cooling system 10 effects the operation of piezoelectric pump 1 such that the liquid is circulated in circulation flow passage 60 a to dissipate the heat of the liquid that is heated by the parts that have been heated.
Hereinafter, piezoelectric pump 1 is explained in detail with reference to FIG. 2. FIG. 2 shows the piezoelectric pump of the first embodiment, FIG. 2(a) is a lateral section view, and FIG. 2(b) is a longitudinal section view viewed from an upper surface side.
Piezoelectric pump 1 is provided with pressure chamber 50 in which a part is formed by piezoelectric oscillator 30, and suction port 21 a and discharge port 21 b are each connected to pressure chamber 50. Suction valve 20 a and discharge valve 20 b are respectively arranged in the vicinity of suction port 21 a and discharge port 21 b. When piezoelectric oscillator 30 oscillates, the pressure in pressure chamber 50 is changed, and the liquid flows from suction port 21 a to discharge port 21 b in the direction indicated by the arrows in FIG. 2.
Pressure chamber 50 is arranged between lower plate 11 and upper plate 12 which provide a cabinet for piezoelectric pump 1. Pressure chamber 50 is formed in a flat shape with a rectangular lower surface. At one end of pressure chamber 50, suction port 21 a into which the liquid flows, is formed, and at the other end, discharge port 21 b from which the liquid flows, is formed. Both suction port 21 a and discharge port 21 b are positioned on the center line in the longitudinal direction of pressure chamber 50 formed in the rectangle viewed from the upper surface.
Suction side flow passage 70 a connected with circulation flow passage 60 a shown in FIG. 1 is formed so that it is connected with suction port 21 a, and discharge side flow passage 70 b similarly connected with circulation flow passage 60 a is formed so that it is connected with discharge port 21 b. Suction side flow passage 70 a and discharge side flow passage 70 b are arranged in a line on the center line and are extended in the same direction while pressure chamber 50 is positioned between these flow passages. Suction side flow passage 70 a and discharge side flow passage 70 b are formed having similar shapes, and sections thereof are rectangles. Flow passage 70 a and flow passage 70 b are formed in rectangles in the cross section, and thus they can be formed easily by the cutting process or the extruding process.
A height of pressure chamber 50 is approximately similar to that of suction side flow passage 70 a. Also, the flow passage in piezoelectric pump 1 is formed into a flat shape by positioning the lower surface of pressure chamber 50 and the lower surfaces of suction side flow passage 70 a and discharge side flow passage 70 b on the same plan.
Piezoelectric oscillator 30 is prepared as a diaphragm in which an oscillating plate (not shown) is put between two piezoelectric elements (not shown) which are bonded together, and is arranged so as to operate on the upper surface of flat-shaped pressure chamber 50. Also, an electrode (not shown) for applying a voltage to the piezoelectric elements is formed. By applying an alternating voltage to piezoelectric oscillator 30 structured in this way, piezoelectric oscillator 30 bends and oscillate in the thickness direction of the plate.
Lead zirconate titanate ceramic materials may be used, for example, as piezoelectric elements. The oscillating plate and the piezoelectric elements are bonded together by various techniques in accordance with the materials of the oscillating plate. For example, when ceramic or silicon is used as the oscillating plate, the piezoelectric elements can be integrated with the oscillating plate by a print firing method, a sputtering method, a sol-gel method, or a chemical vapor method. Incidentally, in the first embodiment, the piezoelectric elements are used as a driving source to oscillate the diaphragm, however, the driving source is not limited to piezoelectric elements and may be anything capable of oscillating the diaphragm.
In suction side flow passage 70 a and discharge side flow passage 70 b, suction valve 20 a and discharge valve 20 b made of thin metal plates, such as aluminum, are respectively provided. Valves 20 a, 20 b are arranged so as to diagonally intersect the flow direction of liquid. As to both valves 20 a, 20 b, upstream ends in the flow direction are supported by cantilevers and downstream ends are free ends abutting on side walls of flow passages 70 a, 70 b without water load. Accordingly, suction valve 20 a opens suction side flow passage 70 a when negative pressure is generated in pressure chamber 50, and closes flow passage 70 a when positive pressure is generated in pressure chamber 50. On the other hand, discharge valve 20 b closes flow passage 70 b when negative pressure is generated in pressure chamber 50, and closes flow passage 70 b when positive pressure is generated.
Additionally, sectional shapes of suction side flow passage 70 a and discharge side flow passage 70 b may be circles or so-called D-shapes in which a part of a circle is cut by a straight line. However, flow passages 70 a, 70 b are formed in a rectangle in the cross section as in the first embodiment, thereby forming valves 20 a, 20 b in simple shapes. Further, valves 20 a, 20 b can be attached by a relatively easy method, for example, by bonding one end of a valve member to one wall face in a flow passage.
Next, explanations are given of the operation of piezoelectric pump 1 structured as described above.
First, a voltage of a predetermined polarity is applied to piezoelectric oscillator 30, and piezoelectric oscillator 30 is displaced so as to have an upward convex orientation in FIG. 2. Then, the volume of pressure chamber 50 is increased, and the pressure in pressure chamber 50 becomes negative pressure. With this operation, suction valve 20 a is displaced and suction port 21 a is opened, and the liquid flows into pressure chamber 50 via suction side flow passage 70 a and suction port 21 a. At this time, discharge valve 20 b blocks discharge port 20 b, and no liquid flows from discharge port 21 b.
Successively, a voltage of an inverse polarity to the above polarity is applied to piezoelectric oscillator 30, and piezoelectric oscillator 30 is displaced so as to have a downward convex orientation in FIG. 2. With this operation, the volume in pressure chamber 50 is reduced. Then, discharge valve 20 b is displaced and discharge port 21 b is opened, and the liquid is discharged from pressure chamber 50 via discharge side flow passage 70 b. At this time, suction valve 20 a blocks suction side flow passage 70 a, and no liquid flows and is discharged into/from suction port 21 a.
By repeating the above-mentioned operations, suction of liquid from suction port 21 a and discharge of the liquid from discharge port 21 b are alternately repeated, and the liquid pulsates. Accordingly, the liquid circulates through circulation flow passage 60 a in the direction indicated by arrows shown in FIG. 1(a) by the operation of piezoelectric pump 1.
In the first embodiment, the flow passage in piezoelectric pump 1 is formed into a flat shape without being bent in the thickness direction of the piezoelectric pump. Specifically, all of suction side flow passage 70 a, pressure chamber 50, and discharge side flow passage 70 b are formed on lower plate 11. Suction side flow passage 70 a and discharge side flow passage 70 b are positioned on a straight line and are extended in the same direction so that presser chamber 50 is positioned between the passages. As a result, the flow passage of piezoelectric pump 1 is formed in a flat shape and in a straight line. Therefore, compared with the conventional piezoelectric pump in which the flow passage is bent, piezoelectric pump 1 can reduce the pressure loss caused by a change of the flow direction of the liquid and can circulate the liquid efficiently. Further, in piezoelectric pump 1, suction valve 20 a and discharge valve 20 b are installed to tilt relative to the flow direction of the liquid. Accordingly, compared with a valve arranged orthogonally to the flow direction, suction valve 20 a and discharge valve 20 b are displaced with a small force, and the pressure loss of the liquid can be further reduced. As described above, piezoelectric pump 1 is improved in pump efficiency compared with the conventional one, and cooling system 10 (refer to FIG. 1) is also improved in cooling efficiency with the improvement in pump efficiency. Incidentally, in the first embodiment, both suction valve 20 a and discharge valve 20 b are tilted relative to the flow direction, however, it is possible to tilt only one discharge valve.
Also, in the first embodiment, since flow passages 70 a, 70 b are positioned at both ends of pressure chamber 50, the flow passage is formed into a flat shape and the whole of piezoelectric pump 1 is reduced in thickness. Further, since piezoelectric oscillator 30 is arranged so as to operate on one surface that has the large area of pressure chamber 50 formed in a flat rectangular parallelepiped shape, the bending displacement of piezoelectric oscillator 30 can be transmitted to pressure chamber 50 efficiently. Accordingly, relatively small piezoelectric oscillator 30 can obtain a sufficient amount of flow, and piezoelectric pump 1 can be reduced in size as a result. Additionally, in the first embodiment, one piezoelectric oscillator is arranged on the upper surface of pressure chamber 50, however, the number of piezoelectric oscillators and their shape thereof are not limited. For example, two piezoelectric oscillators are arranged for upper and lower surfaces of pressure chamber 50.
As described above, cooling system 1 using piezoelectric pump 1 that enables a reduction in thickness and an increase in pump efficiency can circulate the liquid efficiently. Further, for example, by arranging parts that have been heated directly to or in the vicinity of flow passage unit 60, heat from the parts can be dissipated efficiently.

Second Embodiment

In the first embodiment, the pressure chamber is formed in a rectangular parallelepiped shape, however, the pressure chamber may be formed so that the cross-sectional area of the pressure chamber is gradually varied in order to reduce the resistance of the liquid.
FIG. 3 shows the piezoelectric pump of the second embodiment according to the present invention. Piezoelectric pump 2 shown in FIG. 3 is formed so that pressure chamber 50′ is formed in a streamlined shape. On peripheral walls of pressure chamber 50′, structural parts (retuning grooves 11 a) for accelerating the flow of the liquid are arranged. The other structures are similar those of piezoelectric pump 1 shown in FIG. 2, and the same numeral references are applied to the structural parts having the same functions and explanations thereof are omitted.
Pressure chamber 50′, as shown in FIG. 3(b), is provided with peripheral wall surface 11 e in an approximate streamlined shape viewed from the upper surface. Peripheral wall surface 11 e is arranged vertically to bottom part 11 b of pressure chamber 50′. Also, peripheral wall surfaces 11 e are respectively connected with suction port 21 a and discharge port 21 b, and are bent in an arc shape toward the outside. Incidentally, the arc shape is preferably set, as appropriate, in accordance with the kind of liquid or characteristics of piezoelectric oscillator 30 so that the resistance of the liquid is reduced as far as possible.
A plurality of retuning grooves 11 a is formed on the peripheral wall of pressure chamber 50′ so as to open peripheral wall surface 11 e. In the second embodiment, five retuning grooves 11 a are arranged at predetermined intervals to have the same groove width. Also, respective retuning grooves 11 a are extended from a point (not shown) as the center in the vicinity of discharge port 21 b in the radiation direction. In other words, opening parts of returning grooves 11 a are directed to the point in the vicinity of discharge port 21 b. Preferably, the point is positioned at the center of discharge port 21 b.
A detailed shape of returning groove 11 a is explained with reference to FIG. 4. FIG. 4 is a perspective enlarged view showing one returning groove-11 a and the flow direction of liquid around groove 11 a. As shown in FIG. 4, returning groove 11 a is opened to upper edge surface 11 c, the upper surface of the peripheral wall, and to peripheral wall surface 11 e. Also, returning groove 11 a gradually becomes deeper toward one end (side of peripheral wall surface 11 e).
On the peripheral side of upper edge surface 11 c, convex part 11 d having a predetermined height relative to upper edge surface 11 c is formed. In the second embodiment, piezoelectric oscillator 30 (refer to FIG. 3(a)) is positioned on the upper surface of convex part 11 a. Accordingly, a predetermined space is formed between upper edge surface 11 c and piezoelectric oscillator 30, and the space is a part of pressure chamber 50′. With this arrangement, when piezoelectric oscillator 30 is displaced so as to have a downward convex orientation, the liquid flows into the opening part at the upper surface side of returning groove 11 a, passes through retuning groove 11 a, and is discharged from the opening part of peripheral wall surface 11 e.
In piezoelectric pump 2 arranged as described above, peripheral wall surface 11 e in pressure chamber 50′ is formed in a streamlined shape, and the cross-sectional area thereof continuously becomes smaller toward suction side flow passage 70 a and discharge side flow passage 70 b. Accordingly, the resistance between the liquid and peripheral wall surface 11 e is reduced, and the pressure loss in pressure chamber 50′ is further reduced. Also, when piezoelectric oscillator 30 is displaced and the liquid is discharged from discharge side flow passage 70 b (refer to FIG. 3), the liquid in the retuning groove 11 a is discharged toward discharge port 21 b. Therefore, the flow of the liquid in pressure chamber 50′ is accelerated, and piezoelectric pump 2 is further improved in pump efficiency. In particular, since each retuning groove 11 a is opened toward discharge port 21 b, the liquid discharged from retuning groove 11 a accelerates the flow of the liquid more efficiently.
Incidentally, the number of retuning grooves 11 a and the shape thereof, and the height of convex part 11 d are preferably set, as appropriate, in accordance with the kind of liquid or the shape of discharge port 20 b. For example, in accordance with the shape of the pressure chamber and the position of the discharge port, only one retuning groove 11 a may be formed. However, like the second embodiment, in the case of pressure chamber 50′ formed symmetrically with respect to the axial line of flow passages 70 a, 70 b, as shown in FIG. 3(b), retuning grooves 11 a are preferably formed symmetrically with respect to the axial line. With this arrangement, the liquid flows symmetrically with respect to the axial line.
As to the shape of retuning groove 11 a, as shown in FIG. 5, the width of retuning groove 11 a′ may be tapered toward pressure chamber 50′, and the liquid in returning groove 11 a′ may be discharged from the tip of returning groove 11 a′ at high speed. With this arrangement, the flow of the liquid is further accelerated, and pump efficiency is further improved.
Also, in piezoelectric pump 2 shown in FIG. 3, while the height of pressure chamber 50′ is constant, peripheral wall surface 11 e is bent so that the length orthogonal to the axial line of flow passages 70 a, 70 b continuously becomes shorter toward flow passages 70 a, 70 b, and the cross-sectional area of pressure chamber 50′ becomes smaller toward suction port 21 a and discharge port 21 b. However, the shape of the pressure chamber is not limited to this description as long as the cross-sectional area becomes smaller continuously.
For example, as shown in FIG. 6, taper 12 a may be arranged at the corner part of pressure chamber 50″. In other words, the height of pressure chamber 50″ is continuously lowered toward suction port 21 a or discharge port 21 b so that the cross-sectional area thereof becomes smaller. With this arrangement, the resistance of the liquid passing through pressure chamber 50″ is reduced, and the pressure loss of the liquid is reduced.

Third Embodiment

Generally, a closed-structure flow passage in cooling system 10 shown in FIG. 1 is filled up with the liquid so that no bubbles remain. However, for example, there is a case in which dissolved oxygen is changed into bubbles and the bubbles are mixed into the liquid. In a piezoelectric pump, the existence of bubbles inside the flow passage causes a reduction in pump efficiency. Further, the existence of bubbles inside the closed-structure flow passage causes a reduction in cooling efficiency of cooling system 10.
So, in order to further improve pump efficiency, in addition to the two above-mentioned embodiments, a piezoelectric pump may be provided with means for collecting bubbles mixed in the liquid.
Respective piezoelectric pumps 3, 3′, 3″ shown in FIG. 7 to FIG. 9 are provided with gaseous chambers 35, 35′, 35″. FIGS. 7(a), 8(a) and 9(a) are lateral section views of piezoelectric pumps 3, 3′, 3″, and FIGS. 7(b), 8(b) and 9(b) are longitudinal section views of gaseous chambers 35, 35′, 35″.
Piezoelectric pump 3 shown in FIG. 7 has gaseous chamber 35 over piezoelectric oscillator 30. The other structures are similar to those of piezoelectric pump 1 shown in FIG. 2, and the same numeral references are applied to the structural parts having the same functions as FIG. 2 and explanations thereof are omitted.
Gaseous chamber 35 is formed by piezoelectric oscillator 30 and by the cabinet of piezoelectric pump 3, and covers suction side flow passage 70 a and discharge side flow passage 70 b.
At the somewhat upstream side to suction valve 20 a, one intake 35 a for introducing bubbles into gaseous chamber 35 is arranged. Intake 35 is a hole for connecting suction side flow passage 70 a and gaseous chamber 35 and is positioned on the upper surface of suction side flow passage 70 a.
When piezoelectric pump 3 is applied to cooling system shown in FIG. 1, a closed-structure flow passage is formed by the flow passage in cooling system 10 and gaseous chamber 35. Then, the flow passage is completely filled up with the liquid to be circulated. In other words, in the initial state of cooling system 10, atmospheric pressure chamber 35 is also filled up with the liquid.
In cooling system 10 structured like this, when bubbles are generated in the liquid, the bubbles move through circulation flow passage 60 (refer to FIG. 1) by the flow of the liquid. Then, the bubbles which have moved along the upper wall of suction side flow passage 70 a are taken into intake 35 a and float upward. At the same time, the liquid in gaseous chamber 35 is pushed out from intake 35 a by the bubbles, and the bubbles are collected in gaseous chamber 35. With this operation, in piezoelectric pump 3, the bubbles can be removed from the flow passage in cooling system 10, and the liquid can be circulated without a reduction in pump efficiency.
Incidentally, in the third embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7(b), the shape of the opening of intake 35 a is formed in a circle. There are no particular limitations to the shape of intake 35 a, as long as bubbles can be collected, for example, an oblong hole (not shown) extending in the width direction of suction side flow passage 70 a may be formed. With this arrangement, bubbles moving along the upper wall of flow passage 70 a can be collected efficiently. Further, when two intakes are provided, bubbles enter gaseous chamber 35 through one of the intakes while liquid is discharged from the other intake. In this way, the operation of changing bubbles and liquid may be performed smoothly. Needless to say, in order to collect bubbles efficiently, intake 35 may be arranged so as to be higher relative to flow passage 70 a, and grooves and cut parts for guiding the bubbles to intake 35 may be formed.
Additionally, piezoelectric pump according to the third embodiment may be variously changed as shown FIGS. 8 and 9. In piezoelectric pump 3′ in FIG. 8, piezoelectric oscillator 30 is arranged on the lower surface of pressure chamber 50. In piezoelectric pump 3″ in FIG. 9, gaseous chamber 35″ is arranged in a loop area. Both of piezoelectric pumps 3′, 3″ are not different from piezoelectric pumps 3 substantially, and gaseous chambers 35, 35′, 35″ function similarly.
As described above, according to the third embodiment, piezoelectric pump 3 is provided with gaseous chamber 35, and bubbles generated in liquid can be collected. Therefore, piezoelectric pump 3 is improved in pump efficiency. Also, high cooling efficiency in cooing system 10 is maintained for a long period. Further, in the cooling system 10 having piezoelectric pumps 3, 3′, 3″ explained in the third embodiment, when liquid is expanded by a change of environmental temperature or the like, the volume change is absorbed by gaseous chambers 35, 35′, 35″. Therefore, piezoelectric pumps 3, 3′, 3″ and the flow passage in cooling system are prevented from being broken.
Representative embodiments have been explained, however, elements explained in each embodiment may be combined freely as far as possible.

Claims

1. A diaphragm pump comprising:

a pressure chamber formed into a flat shape and is filled up with liquid;

a suction side flow passage and a discharge side flow passage disposed at both ends of the pressure chamber so that axes thereof are aligned with each other and are connected with the pressure chamber;

at least one groove formed in a peripheral wall of the pressure chamber and for accelerating a flow of the liquid downstream in a flow direction; and

at least one diaphragm disposed on at least one of an upper surface and a lower surface of the pressure chamber and for oscillation to make a volume of the pressure chamber variable.

2. The diaphragm pump according to claim 1, wherein the groove has a part with an opening in the upper surface facing the pressure chamber, into which the liquid flows, and a side part with an opening opened to a peripheral wall surface of the pressure chamber, from which the liquid is discharged downstream in the flow direction.

3. The diaphragm pump according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the groove is extended in a radial direction while a point in the vicinity of an entrance of the discharge side flow passage is set as the center.

4. The diaphragm pump according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the axes are positioned at the center of a cross-sectional shape of the pressure chamber in a surface orthogonal to the axes.

5. The diaphragm pump according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein each cross-sectional shape of the pressure chamber, the suction side flow passage, and the discharge side flow passage in a surface orthogonal to the axes are formed in an approximate rectangle.

6. The diaphragm pump according to claim 5, wherein a lower surface of the pressure chamber and the lower surfaces of the suction side flow passage and the discharge side flow passage are formed on the same surface.

7. The diaphragm pump according to any one of claims 1, 2 or 6, wherein a length of the pressure chamber viewed from an upper surface in a direction orthogonal to the axes is continuously shortened toward the suction side flow passage or the discharge side flow passage.

8. The diaphragm pump according to any one of claims 1, 2 or 6, wherein a height of the pressure chamber is continuously lowered toward the suction side flow passage or the discharge side flow passage.

9. The diaphragm pump according to any one of claims 1, 2 or 6, further comprising:

check valves, respectively disposed on the suction side flow passage and the discharge side flow passage, at least one of the check valves being tilted relative to a direction of the axes.

10. The diaphragm pump according to any one of through 9 claims 1, 2 or 6, further comprising:

at least one intake opened to an upper surface of the suction side flow passage and to introduce bubbles mixed in the liquid; and

a sealed space connected with the intake and to collect the introduced bubbles.

11. The diaphragm pump according to claim 10, wherein the intake is positioned in the suction side flow passage upstream relative to the check valve.

12. The diaphragm pump according to any one of claims 1, 2, 6 or 11, wherein the diaphragm is a piezoelectric oscillator driven by a piezoelectric element.

13. A cooling system comprising:

the diaphragm pump according to any one of claims 1, 2, 6 or 11; and

a closed-structure flow passage for circulating liquid discharged from the discharge side flow passage in the diaphragm pump and for returning the liquid to the suction side flow passage.