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US20060137972A1 - Actuator for displacing an anode frame of an electrolysis cell for the production of aluminium - Google Patents

Actuator for displacing an anode frame of an electrolysis cell for the production of aluminium Download PDF

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Publication number
US20060137972A1
US20060137972A1 US10/542,353 US54235305A US2006137972A1 US 20060137972 A1 US20060137972 A1 US 20060137972A1 US 54235305 A US54235305 A US 54235305A US 2006137972 A1 US2006137972 A1 US 2006137972A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
jack
drive
screw
drive wheel
worm screw
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/542,353
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English (en)
Inventor
Alain Van Acker
Alain Fernandez De Grado
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fives ECL SAS
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Assigned to E.C.L. reassignment E.C.L. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FERNANDEZ DE GRADO, ALAIN, VAN ACKER, ALAIN
Publication of US20060137972A1 publication Critical patent/US20060137972A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
    • C25C3/10—External supporting frames or structures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H25/00—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms
    • F16H25/18—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions
    • F16H25/20—Screw mechanisms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H25/00—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms
    • F16H25/18—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions
    • F16H25/20—Screw mechanisms
    • F16H2025/2062—Arrangements for driving the actuator
    • F16H2025/209—Arrangements for driving the actuator using worm gears

Definitions

  • the invention relates to aluminium production by fused bath electrolysis using the Hall-Héroult process. It is more particularly related to devices for the attachment and the displacement of the anodes of electrolytic cells to be used for aluminium production.
  • Aluminium metal is produced industrially by fused bath electrolysis, namely by electrolysis of alumina in solution in a molten cryolite bath called an electrolyte bath, using the well-known Hall-Heroult process.
  • the electrolyte bath is contained in pots called “electrolytic pots” comprising a steel shell lined with refractory and/or insulating materials on the inside, and a cathode assembly at the bottom of the pot.
  • Anodes typically made of a carbonaceous material, are fixed to a superstructure provided with means of displacing them vertically during the electrolysis process.
  • the assembly formed by an electrolytic pot, its anodes and the electrolyte bath is called an electrolytic cell.
  • This invention particularly relates to attachment and displacement devices including fixed structural elements, a frame (called the anode frame) designed for simultaneously lifting and lowering anodes fixed to the said frame and means of displacing the said frame comprising one or more jacks.
  • French patents FR 1 440 005 (corresponding to American patent U.S. Pat. No. 4,410,786) and FR 2 517 704 (corresponding to American patent U.S. Pat. No. 4,465,578) describe such devices.
  • the applicant searched for jacks capable of developing high forces, capable of being inserted in limited and congested spaces in the superstructures of electrolytic cells, and capable of operating close to high current electrolytic cells.
  • An object of the invention is a jack comprising a sleeve fitted with an opening, an actuation rod comprising an axial cavity and a thread and capable of moving in the said opening, a drive screw inserted in the said axial cavity and capable of cooperating with the said thread so as to displace the said rod in the sleeve and in the said opening, a toothed drive wheel coupled to the drive screw, and a worm screw that can be connected to the shaft of a motor and that can cooperate with the drive wheel so as to rotate it, and characterised in that the centre-to-centre distance E between the axis R of the drive wheel and the axis V of the worm screw is between 100 and 350 mm, and in that the reduction ratio RR between the worm screw and the drive wheel is between 300:1 and 80:1.
  • the invention can also be used to make an irreversible jack, in other words a jack for which the actuation rod only moves slightly under load, which avoids the need for a built-in brake.
  • the jack according to the invention is most particularly suitable for the displacement of anode frames of electrolytic cells designed for the production of aluminium.
  • FIG. 1 shows a perspective, truncated view of a typical electrolytic cell.
  • FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of a typical superstructure of an electrolytic cell.
  • FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal section through a jack according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows a cross section along plane C-C in FIG. 3 through a jack according to the invention.
  • the electrolytic cells ( 1 ) in a fused bath electrolysis aluminium production plant comprise a pot ( 2 ) capable of containing the liquid metal and the electrolyte bath, a superstructure ( 10 ) and a series of anodes ( 3 ).
  • the superstructure ( 10 ) comprises a fixed frame ( 11 ) and a mobile metallic anode frame ( 12 ).
  • the anodes ( 3 ) are provided with a metallic rod ( 4 ) to be used for attachment and electrical connection of the anodes ( 3 ) to the anode frame ( 12 ).
  • the superstructure ( 10 ) also comprises at least one jack ( 100 , 100 ′) coupled to the anode frame ( 12 ) by connecting rods ( 20 , 21 , 22 , 21 ′, 22 ′) and levers ( 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 31 ′, 32 ′, 33 ′, 34 ′).
  • the anode frame ( 12 ) is moved vertically (upwards or downwards) by the action of the jack(s) ( 100 , 100 ′).
  • the jack ( 100 , 100 ′) comprises:
  • a sleeve ( 120 ) provided with an opening ( 121 ),
  • an actuation rod ( 140 ) comprising an axial cavity ( 141 ) and a thread ( 142 ) and capable of moving in the said opening ( 121 ),
  • a drive screw ( 130 ) inserted in the said axial cavity ( 141 ) and capable of cooperating with the said thread ( 142 ) so as to displace the said rod ( 140 ) in the said sleeve ( 120 ) and in the said opening ( 121 ),
  • toothed drive wheel ( 150 ) coupled to the drive screw ( 130 ),
  • a worm screw ( 160 ) that can be connected to the shaft ( 210 ) of a drive motor ( 200 ) and that can cooperate with the drive wheel ( 150 ) so as to rotate it,
  • the reduction ratio RR is given by the ratio between the number of turns made by the worm screw ( 160 ) around its axis V when the drive wheel ( 150 ) makes a complete turn around its axis A. In other words, the reduction ratio RR is given by the number of teeth on the drive wheel ( 150 ).
  • variable parameters originate from at least three coupling levels, namely a first level between the shaft ( 210 ) of the drive motor ( 200 ) and the worm screw ( 160 ), a second level between the worm screw ( 160 ) and the drive wheel ( 150 ) and a third level between the drive wheel ( 150 ) and the actuation rod ( 140 ).
  • Variable parameters also originate from relations between the powers involved (particularly input, internal and output powers), required and acceptable speeds (linear and angular), reduction ratios and thread pitches.
  • additional variable parameters originate from efficiency factors for gears and mechanical characteristics of possible materials.
  • a centre-to-centre distance i.e. a distance between the centre lines
  • a centre-to-centre distance i.e. a distance between the centre lines
  • a centre-to-centre distance exceeding 350 mm would increase the jack size to make it unacceptable and hardly compatible with the limited and congested space inside electrolytic cell superstructures.
  • the said centre-to-centre distance E is between 150 and 300 mm, and preferably still between 180 and 290 mm.
  • the applicant also observed that a reduction ratio of less than 80:1 would impose the use of an additional reduction stage between the motor and the worm screw in order to obtain the low displacement speeds (inputs and outputs) of the actuation rod required for the envisaged use.
  • the reduction ratio RR is preferably limited to values of less than 300:1 to avoid the use of large diameter drive wheels ( 150 ), which would be incompatible with the compactness constraint imposed on the invention.
  • the reduction ratio RR is preferably between 100:1 and 250:1. In one preferred embodiment of the invention, the reduction ratio RR is between 140:1 and 200:1.
  • the worm screw ( 160 ) of the jack according to the invention is, or could be, directly engaged on the shaft ( 210 ) of a drive motor ( 200 ), in other words without an intermediate reduction gear between the drive shaft and the worm screw, which significantly reduces the volume of the jack. Flexible coupling between the motor shaft and the worm screw is possible.
  • the drive motor ( 200 ) is preferably an alternating current motor (typically an asynchronous motor).
  • the power of the motor is typically between 3 and 20 kW (when the motor actuates a single jack, its power is typically between 3 and 8 kW; when the motor actuates two jacks, its power is typically between 5 and 20 kW).
  • the torque developed by the motor is preferably more than 50 Nm and is typically between 70 and 200 Nm.
  • the motor rotation speed is typically between 750 and 1500 rpm and more typically between 1000 and 1500 rpm.
  • the average diameter D of the drive screw ( 130 ) is preferably less than 150 mm so as to limit the outside diameter of the sleeve ( 120 ) to acceptable values.
  • the diameter D is preferably between 50 and 120 mm, and more preferably between 75 and 105 mm. A diameter of less than 50 mm would make the drive screw ( 130 ) too weak.
  • the said thread ( 142 ) covers all or some of the internal wall of the actuation rod ( 140 ).
  • the thread ( 142 ) is advantageously formed on a threaded end piece (or nut) ( 143 ) that is fixed to the inside end ( 144 ) of the actuation rod ( 140 ) or is part of it.
  • the screw threads ( 142 ) may be single or multiple (for example two parallel threads).
  • the length of the thread is typically equal to at least 10 times the pitch of the drive screw.
  • the thread pitch ( 142 ) is preferably between 14 and 20 mm, and is even more preferably between 16 and 18 mm. The applicant has observed that these values of the thread pitch are capable of giving high resistance to force in the envisaged ranges of actuation rod displacement speed.
  • the dimensions and parameters of the jack according to the invention make it possible to simultaneously and satisfactorily obtain actuation rod displacement speeds and pull forces compatible with the displacement of electrolytic cell anode frames while requiring acceptable rotation speeds of the motor shaft, worm screw and drive screw, preventing the need for slow, large volume and high cost motors.
  • the rotation speed of the worm screw ( 160 ) is typically between 750 and 1500 rpm, and more typically between 1000 and 1500 rpm.
  • the speed of the drive screw ( 130 ) is typically between 5 and 15 rpm, and more typically between 7 and 10 rpm. This speed is equal to the speed of the drive wheel when the drive screw is fixed to the wheel or forms part of the wheel. These speeds make it possible to simultaneously and satisfactorily achieve actuation rod displacement speeds and pull forces that are acceptable for the displacement of anode frames of electrolytic cells.
  • the jack according to the invention can develop pull forces greater than 100 kN. Pull forces are typically between 150 and 600 kN. Forces of this magnitude are required to displace an anode frame loaded with anodes in the vertical direction without needing large lever ratios in the levers in the superstructure of an electrolytic cell.
  • the extension or retraction displacement speeds of the rod of the jack are typically between 100 and 300 mm/min., and more typically between 120 and 150 mm/min. These speeds are compatible with regulation by small pulses of the level of the anode frame.
  • the invention provides a means of using drive motors with a diameter of less than 350 mm, or even less than 250 mm, while having the power and pull forces necessary for the displacement of electrolytic cell anode frames designed for the production of aluminium for which the mass, including the mass of the anodes, is typically several tens of tonnes.
  • the dimensions of the jack according to the invention are typically from 550 to 700 mm transversely with a total length of 1500 to 2400 mm (with the actuation rod in the retracted position).
  • the drive wheel ( 150 ) is mechanically coupled to the drive screw ( 130 ).
  • the drive wheel ( 150 ) is fixed to the drive screw ( 130 ), or is part of it, the axis of rotation R of the drive wheel ( 150 ) and the axis of rotation T of the drive screw ( 130 ) coincide so as to form a common axis of rotation A.
  • the axis M of the motor ( 200 ) and the axis V of the worm screw ( 160 ) are coincident.
  • the axis V of the worm screw ( 160 ) is typically perpendicular to the axis R of the wheel.
  • the sleeve ( 120 ) advantageously communicates with the casing ( 110 ) of the jack to have a single lubricant reserve, typically through openings ( 114 ).
  • the axial cavity ( 141 ) of the actuation rod ( 140 ) advantageously communicates with the sleeve ( 120 ), typically through openings ( 146 ) formed in its wall, so as to enable lubrication of the thread.
  • the outside end of the actuation rod ( 140 ) is provided with an attachment means ( 145 ).
  • the jack ( 100 , 100 ′) preferably comprises a seal ( 122 ) between the actuation rod ( 140 ) and the sleeve ( 120 ). It has been found that it is advantageous to use a rigid sleeve ( 120 ) rather than a bellows-shaped sleeve, usually fitted on conventional jacks with a large stroke.
  • a bellows-shaped sleeve, that folds and unfolds continuously during use, has the disadvantage that it is sensitive to abrasion caused by abrasive materials such as alumina in suspension in the environment of an electrolytic cell and that could be deposited in the folds of the bellows.
  • the sleeve ( 120 ) advantageously comprises a long tubular part (typically with a length approximately equal to the stroke of the actuation rod inside it) in order to guide displacements of the actuation rod.
  • the drive wheel ( 150 ) of the jack according to the invention is preferably supported on at least one bearing ( 151 , 152 ).
  • the bearing may be located on the side opposite the drive screw ( 130 ) or between the wheel and the drive screw.
  • the jack attachment means ( 111 ) may be placed on the rear part ( 112 ) of the jack, in other words the part of the jack opposite the actuation rod ( 140 ), or on the front part ( 113 ) of the jack, typically on the sleeve ( 120 ).
  • the drive motor ( 200 ) of the jack may be specific to one jack or it may be common to two or more jacks. If it is common to two jacks, the motor shaft typically passes through and is connected to a jack on each side of the motor. If the motor shaft is connected to two or more jacks, the drive device can be more compact and the jacks can be synchronised.
  • the jack according to the invention is most particularly suitable for use in an electrolytic cell for the production of aluminium.
  • another purpose of the invention is the use of a jack ( 100 , 100 ′) according to the invention for the displacement of an anode frame ( 12 ) of a superstructure ( 10 ) of an electrolytic cell ( 1 ) designed for the production of aluminium.
  • Another object of the invention is a superstructure ( 10 ) to be installed in an electrolytic cell ( 1 ) for the production of aluminium and comprising an anode frame ( 12 ) and at least one jack ( 100 , 100 ′) according to the invention to displace the said frame.
  • Another object of the invention is an electrolytic cell ( 1 ) provided with such a superstructure ( 10 ).
  • the said electrolytic cells ( 1 ) may operate at intensities typically more than 300 kA, or even more than 400 kA, and possibly more than 500 kA.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
US10/542,353 2003-02-28 2004-02-26 Actuator for displacing an anode frame of an electrolysis cell for the production of aluminium Abandoned US20060137972A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0302493A FR2851810B1 (fr) 2003-02-28 2003-02-28 Verin destine au deplacement d'un cadre anodique d'une cellule d'electrolyse pour la production d'aluminium
FR03/02493 2003-02-28
PCT/FR2004/000429 WO2004079227A1 (fr) 2003-02-28 2004-02-26 Verin destine au deplacement d’un cadre anodique d’une cellule d’electrolyse pour la production d’aluminium

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20060137972A1 true US20060137972A1 (en) 2006-06-29

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US10/542,353 Abandoned US20060137972A1 (en) 2003-02-28 2004-02-26 Actuator for displacing an anode frame of an electrolysis cell for the production of aluminium

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US (1) US20060137972A1 (is)
EP (1) EP1597494A1 (is)
CN (1) CN1754053A (is)
AR (1) AR043214A1 (is)
AU (1) AU2004217776A1 (is)
BR (1) BRPI0407920A (is)
CA (1) CA2517148A1 (is)
FR (1) FR2851810B1 (is)
IS (1) IS7988A (is)
RU (1) RU2005130161A (is)
WO (1) WO2004079227A1 (is)
ZA (1) ZA200506333B (is)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080142357A1 (en) * 2005-04-20 2008-06-19 E.C.L. Device and Method for Maintaining and Connecting an Anode Rod on an Anode Frame of an Aluminium Electrolytic Cell
US20100116653A1 (en) * 2007-03-23 2010-05-13 E.C.L. Service module with at least one anode clamp and means for applying a force or a shock on the anode rod
GB2543788A (en) * 2015-10-28 2017-05-03 Dubai Aluminium Pjsc Superstructure for electrolytic cell, comprising means of moving anode beam with respect to the frame of this superstructure
US10513788B2 (en) * 2014-01-27 2019-12-24 Rio Tinto Alcan International Limited Electrolysis tank comprising an anode assembly contained in a containment enclosure
EP3443144A4 (en) * 2016-04-14 2020-01-01 Kumera Drives Oy METHOD AND MECHANISM FOR ADJUSTING DEVICE, ASSOCIATED WITH AN ALUMINUM FOUNDER

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2981420B1 (fr) * 2011-10-17 2013-11-29 Commissariat Energie Atomique Dispositif d'anti-rotation asymetrique et verin a vis comportant un tel dispositif
CN116169586B (zh) * 2022-12-30 2024-02-06 国家电投集团云南国际电力投资有限公司 一种电解铝母线保护柜

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3410786A (en) * 1965-04-09 1968-11-12 Pechiney Prod Chimiques Sa Superstructure for electrolytic cells
US3704765A (en) * 1971-07-15 1972-12-05 Duff Norton Co Overload clutch
US3957144A (en) * 1973-09-13 1976-05-18 Duff-Norton Company, Inc. Continuous roller brake
US4424130A (en) * 1982-09-02 1984-01-03 Envirotech Corporation Rake drive and lifting device for sedimentation apparatus
US4465578A (en) * 1981-12-08 1984-08-14 Aluminium Pechiney Apparatus for the precise adjustment of the anode plane of an electrolysis cell used in the production of aluminum
US4816129A (en) * 1986-08-13 1989-03-28 Norsk Hydro A.S Suspension arrangement for anode bars in cells for electrolytic production of aluminum
US6158295A (en) * 1996-12-23 2000-12-12 Linak A/S Linear actuator
US20040093969A1 (en) * 2000-10-03 2004-05-20 Nielsen Jens Jorgen Linear actuator

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1440005A (fr) 1965-04-09 1966-05-27 Pechiney Prod Chimiques Sa Procédé pour la réalisation d'une superstructure pour cuve d'électrolyse ignée et superstructures réalisées selon ce procédé
FR2517704A1 (fr) 1981-12-08 1983-06-10 Pechiney Aluminium Procede et dispositif de reglage precis du plan anodique d'une cuve d'electrolyse pour la production d'aluminium
DE9412223U1 (de) * 1994-07-29 1995-11-30 Koch, Dietmar, 51645 Gummersbach Linearantrieb zur Bewegung von schwenkbaren oder parallel geführten Elementen

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3410786A (en) * 1965-04-09 1968-11-12 Pechiney Prod Chimiques Sa Superstructure for electrolytic cells
US3704765A (en) * 1971-07-15 1972-12-05 Duff Norton Co Overload clutch
US3957144A (en) * 1973-09-13 1976-05-18 Duff-Norton Company, Inc. Continuous roller brake
US4465578A (en) * 1981-12-08 1984-08-14 Aluminium Pechiney Apparatus for the precise adjustment of the anode plane of an electrolysis cell used in the production of aluminum
US4424130A (en) * 1982-09-02 1984-01-03 Envirotech Corporation Rake drive and lifting device for sedimentation apparatus
US4816129A (en) * 1986-08-13 1989-03-28 Norsk Hydro A.S Suspension arrangement for anode bars in cells for electrolytic production of aluminum
US6158295A (en) * 1996-12-23 2000-12-12 Linak A/S Linear actuator
US20040093969A1 (en) * 2000-10-03 2004-05-20 Nielsen Jens Jorgen Linear actuator

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080142357A1 (en) * 2005-04-20 2008-06-19 E.C.L. Device and Method for Maintaining and Connecting an Anode Rod on an Anode Frame of an Aluminium Electrolytic Cell
US7887680B2 (en) * 2005-04-20 2011-02-15 E. C. L. Device and method for maintaining and connecting an anode rod on an anode frame of an aluminum electrolytic cell
US20100116653A1 (en) * 2007-03-23 2010-05-13 E.C.L. Service module with at least one anode clamp and means for applying a force or a shock on the anode rod
US8066856B2 (en) * 2007-03-23 2011-11-29 E.C.L. Service module with at least one anode clamp and means for applying a force or a shock on the anode rod
US10513788B2 (en) * 2014-01-27 2019-12-24 Rio Tinto Alcan International Limited Electrolysis tank comprising an anode assembly contained in a containment enclosure
GB2543788A (en) * 2015-10-28 2017-05-03 Dubai Aluminium Pjsc Superstructure for electrolytic cell, comprising means of moving anode beam with respect to the frame of this superstructure
WO2017072618A1 (en) * 2015-10-28 2017-05-04 Dubai Aluminium Pjsc Superstructure for electrolytic cell, comprising means for moving anode beam with respect to the frame of this superstructure
EP3443144A4 (en) * 2016-04-14 2020-01-01 Kumera Drives Oy METHOD AND MECHANISM FOR ADJUSTING DEVICE, ASSOCIATED WITH AN ALUMINUM FOUNDER

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IS7988A (is) 2005-08-18
FR2851810A1 (fr) 2004-09-03
AU2004217776A1 (en) 2004-09-16
AR043214A1 (es) 2005-07-20
FR2851810B1 (fr) 2006-02-17
CN1754053A (zh) 2006-03-29
RU2005130161A (ru) 2006-01-27
BRPI0407920A (pt) 2006-03-01
WO2004079227A1 (fr) 2004-09-16
ZA200506333B (en) 2006-10-25
CA2517148A1 (fr) 2004-09-16
EP1597494A1 (fr) 2005-11-23

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Owner name: E.C.L., FRANCE

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:VAN ACKER, ALAIN;FERNANDEZ DE GRADO, ALAIN;REEL/FRAME:017035/0206;SIGNING DATES FROM 20050822 TO 20050826

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