US20060096562A1

US20060096562A1 - Reed valve with multiple ports

Info

Publication number: US20060096562A1
Application number: US11/336,246
Authority: US
Inventors: Christopher Pluta; Michael Marsh
Original assignee: BorgWarner Inc
Current assignee: BorgWarner Inc
Priority date: 2006-01-20
Filing date: 2006-01-20
Publication date: 2006-05-11

Abstract

A reed valve seat with multiple ports allows a reed valve to operate under extreme pressures in a variable cam timing system. A check valve includes a valve seat in a variable cam timing phaser with a contact surface and multiple ports for fluid in control passages within the phaser to flow through. A reed creates a seal with the contact surface of the valve seat when the reed contacts the valve seat such that reverse flow of fluid in the variable cam timing phaser is prevented.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention
The invention pertains to the field of valves for a variable cam timing system. More particularly, the invention pertains to a VCT with a reed valve with multiple ports.
2. Description of Related Art
Engine performance of an engine having one or more camshafts can be improved, specifically in terms of idle quality, fuel economy, reduced emissions, or increased torque, by way of a variable cam timing (VCT) system. Variable cam timing refers to controlling/varying the angular relationship or phase between one or more camshafts, which drive the engine's intake and/or exhaust valves, and the crankshaft, which is connected to the pistons. For example, the camshaft can be “retarded” for delayed closing of intake valves at idle for stability purposes and at high engine speed for enhanced output.
Likewise, the camshaft can be “advanced” for premature closing of intake valves during mid-range operation to achieve higher volumetric efficiency with correspondingly higher levels of torque. In a dual-camshaft engine, retarding or advancing the camshaft is accomplished by changing the positional relationship of one of the camshafts, usually the camshaft that operates the intake valves of the engine, relative to the other camshaft and the crankshaft. Accordingly, retarding or advancing the camshaft varies the timing of the engine in terms of the operation of the intake valves relative to the exhaust valves, or in terms of the operation of the valves relative to the position of the crankshaft.
Many VCT systems incorporating hydraulics include an oscillatable rotor secured to a camshaft within an enclosed housing, where a chamber is defined between the rotor and housing. A “phaser” is all of the parts of the engine which allow the camshaft to run independently of the crankshaft. In a vane phaser, the rotor includes vanes mounted outwardly therefrom to divide the chamber into separated first and second fluid chambers. Such a VCT system often includes a fluid supplying configuration to transfer fluid within the housing from one side of a vane to the other, or vice versa, to thereby rotate the vane of the rotor with respect to the housing in one direction or the other. Such rotation is effective to advance or retard the position of the camshaft relative to the crankshaft. These VCT systems may either be “self-powered” having a hydraulic system actuated in response to torque pulses flowing through the camshaft, or may be powered directly from oil pressure from an oil pump. Additionally, mechanical connecting devices are included to lock the rotor and housing in either a fully advanced or fully retarded position relative to one another. Check valves are used to control the oil flow to the fluid chambers in the vanes. Check valves allow oil to flow freely in one direction while preventing the oil from going in the opposite direction.
In a conventional VCT system, prior art reed check valves cover a single port with support only at the edges of the diameter. The single port design creates difficulties because of the physical limits of the material properties for the reed valve. When the check valve is “closed”, the reed valve is sealed across the seat, and prevents backflow (zero backflow). In this position, the backpressure on the reed valve may be high enough to plastically deform and eventually cause the reed valve to fail.
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, a prior art reed valve assembly (4) is shown. A reed valve (5) covers the reed valve seat (1). There is a single port (2), or hole, in the reed valve seat (1). The system exerts backpressure (3) on the reed (5), which may eventually cause the reed valve to fail.
To reduce the stress on the valve and eliminate the chance of failure, the seat diameter (hole/port size) may be reduced. But, reducing the seat diameter restricts flow, and negatively affects VCT performance.
Therefore, there is a need in the art for an improved design for a reed valve that can sustain high pressures without restricting flow.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a top view of a prior art reed check valve seat with the reed valve removed.
FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a prior art reed check valve.
FIG. 3 shows a top view of a reed check valve seat with the reed valve removed in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of a reed check valve in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 shows a cam torque actuated (CTA) VCT mechanism in the null position in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 shows a cam torque actuated VCT mechanism moving towards the retard position in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 shows a cam torque actuated VCT mechanism moving towards the advance position in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 shows a rotary actuator in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 shows a linear actuator in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10A shows a schematic of a phaser of the present invention with the spool valve in the null position.
FIG. 10B shows a schematic of the phaser of FIG. 10A moving towards the retard position.
FIG. 10C shows a schematic of the phaser of FIG. 10A moving towards the advance position.
FIG. 11 shows a torsion assisted (TA) VCT mechanism with a single check valve in the null position in another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 12 shows a torsion assisted VCT mechanism with two check valves in the null position in another embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention improves a check valve seat design for a reed valve. This reduces stress levels while maintaining or exceeding the flow rates of the single-holed valve seats of the prior art. By changing the seat geometry from a single port to multiple smaller ports, the exposed surface area of each port is reduced. By decreasing the amount of exposed surface area, the stress on the reed is decreased. This decreases the stress on the reed valve. By adding additional ports, the stress on the reed stays at acceptable levels, while the flow rate may be increased. The flow rate depends on the entire area of the ports. Therefore, if the total area of the multiple ports is greater than the single port in the prior art, the flow rate is increased.
FIGS. 3 and 4 show a reed valve assembly (104) of the present invention. A reed (105) covers the reed valve seat (100). The reed valve seat (100) includes multiple ports, or holes (102). Although the system exerts backpressure (103) on the reed (105), the exposed surface area below the reed (105) for each port (102) is reduced because of the smaller ports (102). This decreases the effect the backpressure (103) has on the system. Consequently, the stress on the reed (105) does not deform the reed, while the flow rate in the reed valve (104) may be increased over the prior art reed valve (4). The reed valve assembly (104) described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4, is also represented by reed valve assembly (204) in subsequent figures.
Although four ports, all with the same diameter and area, are shown in the Figure, the present invention is not limited to four ports or ports that are all the same size. The number of ports and their desired size is system dependent. It depends on the rate at which the phaser is going to be moved and on the total torsional energy available. Packaging also affects the number of ports used.
For example, since the pressure and energy are known for a given system, the preferred port area is the largest port area that can withstand the pressure in that system. To obtain the same amount of flow in the reed valves of the present invention as with the single holed reed valves of the prior art, one would use a number of ports with an area that would together be equal or greater than the same area of the single port. Alternatively, the ports may have different areas as long as the total area is equal or greater than the area of the single port. If less or greater flow rates are desired than that obtained with a single port, the ports and their areas are adjusted accordingly.
Assume, for example, that a 6 mm diameter single port provides a certain desired flow rate in a particular system. Assume also that a 3 mm port is the largest size port able to withstand the pressure in that system. Flow is controlled by the area available. A 6 mm hole has an area of 28.27 mm², while a 3 mm hole has an area of 7.07 mm². 28.27 mm²divided by 7.07 mm²equals 4. Thus, four ports, each with a 3 mm diameter, result in the same area as the 6 mm single port of the prior art. A reed valve assembly with four 3 mm ports is able to withstand higher pressures than a single 6 mm port, while maintaining the same area.
Alternatively, multiple ports may have an increased area compared to a single port design. A valve with a 5.5 mm diameter single port provides a certain desired flow rate in a particular system. This single port has an area of 23.75 mm². A valve with four ports, each having a diameter of 3.5 mm and an area of 9.62 mm , has a total area of 38.48 mm².
FIGS. 5 through 7 show one example of a VCT system using the reed valve (104) of the present invention. In these figures, reed valves (104) and (204) with multiple ports replace reed valves and other check valves as known in the prior art.
In a cam torque actuated (CTA) phaser, torque reversals in the camshaft caused by the forces of opening and closing the valves move the vane (76). The CTA advance and retard chambers (78), (80) are arranged to resist positive and negative torque pulses in the camshaft and are alternatively pressurized by the cam torque. The control valve, shown as a spool valve (74) in the figures, includes a spool (79) and is received in a sleeve (87) of the rotor. The position of the spool (79) controls the motion (e.g. to move towards the advance position or the retard position) of the phaser. The spool valve (74) in the CTA system allows the rotor in the phaser to move by permitting fluid flow from the advance chamber (78) to the retard chamber (80) or vice versa, depending on the desired direction of movement. Positive cam torsionals are used to retard the phaser and negative cam torsionals are used to advance the phaser.
More specifically, in the null position, as shown in FIG. 5, the spool is positioned such that spool lands (79 a), (79 b) block lines (82) and (83), and vane (76) is locked into position. An inlet flow check valve (89) maintains system pressure by allowing additional fluid to the phaser from an external source through a supply line (88) to make up for losses due to leakage only. Although the inlet flow check valve (89) is shown as a ball check valve in the figures, the reed valve of the present invention could alternatively be used as the inlet flow check valve (89) in the supply line (88). An inlet flow reed check valve (89) may need less flow than the check valves (104) and (204), and therefore may require less and/or smaller ports than the ports for check valves (104) and (204).
FIG. 6 shows the phaser moving towards the retard position. The spool is positioned such that spool land (79 b) blocks line (83) and lines (82) and (86) are open. Fluid exits the advance chamber (78) through line (82) and moves through the spool between the lands and back into line (86), where it feeds into line (83) supplying fluid to the retard chamber (80). Positive cam torsionals are used to help move the vane (76).
Makeup oil is supplied to the phaser to make up for leakage and enters line (88) through the check valve (89), and moves into the necessary chamber.
FIG. 7 shows the phaser moving towards the advance position. The spool is positioned so that the spool land (79 a) blocks line (82) and lines (83) and (86) are open. Fluid exits the retard chamber (80) through line (83) and fluid moves through the spool between the lands and back into line (86) where it feeds into line (82) supplying fluid to the advance chamber (78). Negative cam torsionals are used to move the vane (76).
Makeup oil is supplied to the phaser to make up for leakage and enters line (88) through the check valve (89), and moves into the necessary chamber.
In another embodiment, the spool valve (74) may also be externally or internally connected to a stationary rotary actuator. The housing in a rotary actuator does not have an outer circumference for accepting drive force and motion of the housing is restricted as shown by the two-headed arrow (250). The restriction of the housing ranges from not moving the housing at all to the housing having motion restricted to less than 360°. All movement, other than the twisting of the shaft is done by the rotor. The rotor and the vane move or swing through the distance as defined and limited by the housing. All of the cyclic load is on the rotor and the rotor accepts all of the drive force.
FIG. 8 shows a CTA-like rotary actuator, which operates similar to the CTA phaser discussed above, in this embodiment of the present invention. The rotary actuator is operated by reciprocating torque. Circulating hydraulic fluid is used with check valves in the rotary actuator. This system uses torque actuating technology without a camshaft. The shaft (203) is moved relative to a fixed point.
In this embodiment, the spool valve (74) may by externally or internally connected to the stationary rotary actuator (200). In the rotary actuator (200), the housing (201) does not have an outer circumference for accepting drive force and motion of the housing is restricted. A stop (202) restricts (250) the movement of the rotary actuator to less than 360°. The rotary actuator includes reed valves (104) and (204) with multiple ports to withstand high pressure.
In another embodiment, shown in FIG. 9, the reed valves (104) and (204) are used with a spool valve (74) externally or internally connected to a linear actuator (500). A linear actuator typically includes a housing (501) and a piston (502). The piston (502) moves within the housing (501) in response to fluid pressure. Seals (503) are also included in the actuator (500). The reed valves (104) and (204) have multiple ports to withstand high pressure.
In another embodiment, the CTA system described above is preferably mounted to the side of the engine in a self contained unit. In this embodiment, the CTA system, including the reed check valves (104) and (204) of the present invention, as well as the spool valve, is packaged in the self-contained unit mounted to the side of the engine.
In the cam torque actuated (CTA) phaser shown in FIGS. 10A through 10C, torque reversals in the camshaft caused by the forces of opening and closing the valves move the rotor (406). The CTA advance and retard chambers (402), (404) are arranged to resist positive and negative torque pulses in the camshaft and are alternatively pressurized by the cam torque. The control valve, which usually includes a spool valve (409) with a spool (428), is received in a sleeve (422) of the rotor. The position of the spool (428) controls the motion (e.g. to move towards the advance position or the retard position) of the phaser. The spool valve (428) in the CTA system allows the rotor (406) in the phaser to move by permitting fluid flow from the advance chamber (402) to the retard chamber (404) or vice versa, depending on the desired direction of movement. Positive cam torsionals are used to retard the phaser and negative cam torsionals are used to advance the phaser. During operation of the CTA phaser, cam torques pressurize both the advance (402) and retard chambers (404) simultaneously and oil circulates to and from the spool valve (428) to the chambers (402) and (404).
FIG. 10A shows a schematic of the phaser in this embodiment with the spool valve in the null position. An inlet flow check valve (424) maintains system pressure by allowing additional fluid from an external source through a supply line (418) to the remotely or separately located control system from the rotor and housing, indicated in the figure by dashed box (430), to make up for losses due to leakage only. The control system (430) includes the spool valve (409), the actuator (403), common line (416), reed check valves (104) and (204) and portions of advance line (408) and retard line (410). The spool valve (409) includes a spool (428) with multiple lands (428 a), (428 b) slidably received by a bore (422). One side of the spool (428) is biased by spring (420) and the other side of the spool (404) is biased by the actuator (403). Advance and retard lines (408) and (410) lead from the remotely mounted control system (430), through the camshaft (426) to the advance chamber (402) and the retard chamber (404) located in the housing (405).
In terms of the spool valve, the force of the actuator and the force of the spring are balanced in the null position and the spool is positioned such that fluid from the supply enters the spool valve (428) and moves through common line (416) and reed check valves (104), (204) to the advance line (408) and the retard line (410) respectively. From the advance line (408) and the retard line (410) fluid enters the advance chamber (402) and the retard chamber (404).
To move towards the retard position, as shown in FIG. 10B, the force of the actuator (403) was increased and the spool valve moved to the left by the actuator until the spring force balanced the force of the actuator. Because the spool (428) has changed position, positive cam torque energy causes the vane (406) to move in the retard direction. Fluid is able to exit the advance chamber (402) through advance line (408) and the camshaft (426) to the remote control system (430) and into the spool valve (409). Fluid from the spool valve (428) enters common line (416) and moves through reed check valve (204) to retard line (410) and to the retard chamber (404). Spool land (428b) blocks fluid from the retard chamber (404) from entering the spool valve (409). Reed check valve (204) does not allow fluid to exit from the retard chamber (404).
Makeup oil is supplied to the phaser to make up for leakage and enters line (418) through the check valve (424), and moves into the necessary chamber.
To move towards the advance position, as shown in FIG. 10C, the force of the actuator (403) was decreased and the spool valve moved to the right by the spring until the spring force balanced the force of the actuator. Because the spool (428) has changed position positive cam torque energy causes the vane (406) to move in the advance direction. Fluid is able to exit the retard chamber (404) through retard line (410) and the camshaft (426) to the remote control system (430) and into the spool valve (409). Fluid from the spool valve (428) enters common line (416) and moves through reed check valve (104) to advance line (408) and to the advance chamber (402). Spool land (428 a) blocks fluid from the advance chamber (402) from entering the spool valve (409). Reed check valve (104) does not allow fluid to exit from the advance chamber (402).
Makeup oil is supplied to the phaser to make up for leakage and enters line (418) through the check valve (424), and moves into the necessary chamber.
As in other embodiments, although check valve (424) is shown as a ball check valve in the figures, the check valve (424) may be a reed check valve (104) of the present invention.
In yet another embodiment, the reed valve (104) of the present invention is used in a torsion assist (TA) VCT system. U.S. Pat. No. 6,883,481, issued Apr. 26, 2005, entitled “Torsional Assisted Multi-Position Cam Indexer Having Controls Located in Rotor” discloses a single check valve TA, and is herein incorporated by reference. FIG. 11 shows a single valve torsion assist system in the null position.
The phaser operating fluid, illustratively in the form of engine lubricating oil, flows into the recesses (302) (labeled “A” for “advance”) and (303) (labeled “R” for “retard”) by way of a common inlet line (313). An inlet reed check valve (104) prevents the hydraulic fluid from backflowing into the engine oil supply. Compared to the check valves (104) and (204) in FIGS. 5 through 7, the reed check valve (104) in the TA system would preferably require more and/or larger diameter ports, to replenish the fluid supply, since fluid is exhausted out in this system.
Inlet line (313) terminates as it enters the spool valve (320). The spool valve (320) includes a spool (322). The spool (322), which is preferably a vented spool, is slidable back and forth. The spool (322) includes spool lands (319) and (320). The spool lands (319) and (320) are preferably cylindrical lands and the spool preferably has three positions. The null position is shown in FIG. 10. Control of the position of spool (322) is in direct response to an actuator (321). In one embodiment, the actuator is a variable force solenoid.
To maintain a phase angle, the spool (322) is positioned at null. The camshaft is maintained in a selected intermediate position relative to the crankshaft of the associated engine, referred to as the “null” position of the spool (322). Make up oil from the supply fills both chambers (302) and (303). When the spool (322) is in the null position, spool lands (319) and (320) block both of the inlet lines (308) and (310).
FIG. 12 shows a two check valve TA system. U.S. Pat. No. 6,763,791, issued Jul. 20, 2004, entitled “Cam Phaser for Engines Having Two Check Valves in Rotor Between Chambers and Spool Valve” discloses two check valve TA, and is herein incorporated by reference. In this embodiment, like reference numerals describe the same elements as described with respect to FIG. 10.
Advance chamber reed check valve (104) is located in the advance chamber inlet line (308) while retard chamber reed check valve (204) is located in the retard chamber inlet line (310). Having the check valves in the advance and retard chambers instead of having a single check valve in the supply reduces leakage.
Accordingly, it is to be understood that the embodiments of the invention herein described are merely illustrative of the application of the principles of the invention. Reference herein to details of the illustrated embodiments is not intended to limit the scope of the claims, which themselves recite those features regarded as essential to the invention.

Claims

1. A check valve comprising:

a) a valve seat in a variable cam timing phaser comprising a contact surface and having a plurality of ports for fluid in control passages within the phaser to flow through; and

b) a reed that creates a seal with the contact surface of the valve seat when the reed contacts the valve seat;

such that reverse flow of fluid in the variable cam timing phaser is prevented.

2. A variable cam timing phaser comprising:

a) a housing having an outer circumference for accepting drive force;

b) a rotor for connection to a camshaft coaxially located within the housing, the housing and the rotor defining at least one vane separating a plurality of chambers, at least one chamber being an advance chamber and another chamber being a retard chamber, the vane being capable of rotation to shift the relative angular position of the housing and the rotor;

c) a spool valve comprising a spool having a plurality of lands slidably mounted within a bore in the rotor, the spool slidable from an advance position through a null position to a retard position;

d) a plurality of control passages in the housing and the rotor for selectively permitting fluid flow from the spool valve to the advance chamber and the retard chamber, wherein the lands of the spool block and connect the control passages such that by slidably moving the spool, the flow of fluid from a fluid input to the advance chamber and the retard chamber is controlled, varying the rotational movement of the housing relative to the rotor; and

e) at least one check valve comprising a valve seat comprising a contact surface and having a plurality of ports for fluid in the control passages to flow through, and a reed that creates a seal with the contact surface of the valve seat when the reed contacts the valve seat, such that reverse flow of fluid through the check valve is prevented.

3. The variable cam timing phaser of claim 2,

wherein the spool comprises length and a first land and a second land, spaced apart a distance along the length, such that the first land and the second land have a circumference which provides a fluid blocking fit in a cylindrical recess of the rotor, and the length has a lesser circumference than the first land and the second land to permit fluid to flow; and

the cylindrical recess of the rotor comprising, in spaced-apart relationship along a length of the cylindrical recess from a first end of the cylindrical recess most distant from the camshaft to a second end of the cylindrical recess closest to the camshaft:

a first exhaust vent connecting the cylindrical recess to atmosphere;

a first return passage connecting the advance chamber to the cylindrical recess;

a first movement passage connecting the cylindrical recess to the advance chamber;

a central inlet passage connecting a central location in the cylindrical recess to a source of fluid;

a second movement passage connecting the cylindrical recess to the retard chamber;

a second return passage connecting the retard chamber to the cylindrical recess;

a second exhaust vent connecting the cylindrical recess to atmosphere;

the first exhaust vent, second exhaust vent, first return passage, second return passage, first movement passage, second movement passage and central inlet passage being spaced apart along the length of the cylindrical recess, and the first land and the second land being of sufficient length and distance apart such that;

when the spool is in a central position between the first end of the central recess and the second end of the central recess, the first land blocks the first return passage and the first movement passage, and the second land blocks the second movement passage and the second return passage;

when the spool is in a position nearer the first end of the central recess, the first movement passage and second return passage are unblocked, fluid from the central inlet passage flows into the first movement passage and the advance chamber, and fluid from the retard chamber flows into the second return passage and the second exhaust vent; and

when the spool is in a position nearer the second and of the central recess, the second movement passage and first return passage are unblocked, fluid from the central inlet passage flows into the second movement passage and the retard chamber, and fluid from the advance chamber flows into the first return passage and the first exhaust vent.

4. The variable cam timing phaser of claim 2, wherein the check valve comprises a first check valve and a second check valve;

wherein the rotor further comprises a central cylindrical recess located along an axis of rotation;

wherein the central cylindrical recess of the rotor comprises:

a first movement passage connecting the cylindrical recess to the advance chamber, wherein the first check valve is located within the first movement passage, such that the first check valve is positioned to permit flow of fluid into the advance chamber;

a second movement passage connecting the cylindrical recess to the retard chamber, wherein the second check valve located within the second movement passage, such that the second check valve is positioned to permit flow of fluid into the retard chamber.

5. The variable cam timing phaser of claim 2; wherein the check valve comprises a first check valve and a second check valve in the plurality of control passages connecting the advance chamber and the retard chamber, wherein the plurality of control passages recirculate fluid to and from the spool valve to the advance chamber and the retard chamber.

6. The variable cam timing phaser of claim 2, wherein the variable cam timing phaser is selected from the group consisting of a cam torque actuated phaser and a torsion-assist phaser.

7. A check valve comprising:

a) a valve seat in a rotary actuator comprising a contact surface and having a plurality of ports for fluid in control passages within the rotary actuator to flow through; and

such that reverse flow of fluid in the rotary actuator is prevented.

8. A rotary actuator comprising at least one camshaft comprising:

a fixed part with motion restricted to less than 360°, and a rotating part for accepting drive force and connection to a shaft coaxially located within the fixed part, the fixed part and the rotating part defining at least one vane separating a chamber in the fixed part into a clockwise chamber and a counterclockwise chamber, the vane being capable of rotation to shift the relative angular position of the fixed part and the rotating part; and

a check valve comprising a valve seat comprising a contact surface and having a plurality of ports for fluid in control passages within the rotary actuator to flow through, and a reed that creates a seal with the contact surface of the valve seat when the reed contacts the Valve seat, such that reverse flow of fluid in the rotary actuator is prevented.

9. A check valve comprising:

a) a valve seat in a linear actuator comprising a contact surface and having a plurality of ports for fluid in control passages within the linear actuator to flow through; and

such that reverse flow of fluid in the linear actuator is prevented.

10. A linear actuator, comprising:

a housing;

a piston that moves within the housing in response to fluid pressure; and

a check valve comprising a valve seat comprising a contact surface and having a plurality of ports for fluid in control passages within the linear actuator to flow through, and a reed that creates a seal with the contact surface of the valve seat when the reed contacts the valve seat, such that reverse flow of fluid in the linear actuator is prevented.