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US20060012941A1 - Method for operating an electronic module supplied with electrical energy by an operating voltage source - Google Patents

Method for operating an electronic module supplied with electrical energy by an operating voltage source Download PDF

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Publication number
US20060012941A1
US20060012941A1 US10/535,740 US53574005A US2006012941A1 US 20060012941 A1 US20060012941 A1 US 20060012941A1 US 53574005 A US53574005 A US 53574005A US 2006012941 A1 US2006012941 A1 US 2006012941A1
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Prior art keywords
autonomous
capacitor
function
autonomous capacitor
operating voltage
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Abandoned
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US10/535,740
Inventor
Markus Heckel
Manfred Kulesch
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Aumovio Microelectronic GmbH
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Individual
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Assigned to CONTI TEMIC MICROELECTRONIC GMBH reassignment CONTI TEMIC MICROELECTRONIC GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HECKEL, MARKUS, KULESCH, MANFRED
Publication of US20060012941A1 publication Critical patent/US20060012941A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
    • B60R21/017—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including arrangements for providing electric power to safety arrangements or their actuating means, e.g. to pyrotechnic fuses or electro-mechanic valves
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating an electronic module which is supplied with electrical energy by a voltage source according to the preamble of patent claim 1 .
  • An electronic module of this type is known from DE 197 15 571 A1, wherein a system-autonomous capacitor is charged from an up-converter supplied by an operating voltage source to a value lying above the operating voltage, in order to operate with it a down-converter which is series-connected to the system-autonomous capacitor.
  • This down-converter supplies several electronic modules, which each comprise a function-autonomous capacitor as an energy storage, to ignite a passenger protection equipment, such as e.g. an airbag, in the event of an operating voltage failure.
  • a passenger protection equipment such as e.g. an airbag
  • FIG. 2 shows a simplified block diagram of this known electronic module, which is composed of an up-converter 1 , a down-converter 2 which is series-connected to the up-converter 1 and a power module 3 connected to the down-converter 2 , these functional units being controlled by a microprocessor ⁇ C.
  • the power module 3 on its part triggers a security unit 4 , as for example an airbag, a seat belt tensioner or a roll-over bar.
  • a security unit 4 as for example an airbag, a seat belt tensioner or a roll-over bar.
  • the up-converter 1 is supplied with an operating voltage source, which is as a rule the battery voltage U bat .
  • a system-autonomous capacitor C S connected to the connection line of the two voltage converters 1 serves for bridging the voltage interruption in the event of a battery voltage failure, e.g. with an accident entailing the functional deficiency of the vehicle battery.
  • said system-autonomous capacitor C S is charged by the up-converter 1 to a value lying above the battery voltage U bat .
  • a further capacitor C Z connected to the output of the down-converter 2 , serves as an ignition-autonomous capacitor, to likewise ensure the ignition energy for the pyrotechnic triggering of a security unit 4 in the event of an operating voltage failure.
  • the object of the invention to indicate a method for operating an electronic module of this type, which can be easily implemented and which requires a low circuit expenditure.
  • the function-autonomous capacitor is connected both to the voltage converter and to the system-autonomous capacitor by means of a charging connection, said charging connection being controllable in order to fulfill various functions in different operating states.
  • the charging connection is controlled in a switching mode for clocking the charging current.
  • the charging connection is operated as a controllable resistance, i.e. as a current source for producing a constant discharging current.
  • checking the system-autonomous capacitor can be controlled with the charging connection by its discharging into the function-autonomous capacitor.
  • the method according to the invention can be implemented in easy manner, in particular if the charging connection is composed of at least one transistor element and of a resistance which is series-connected to it, in particular if merely a single transistor with high ampacity is connected in series to the resistor between the two autonomous capacitors.
  • the voltage converter is embodied as an up-converter.
  • the method according to the invention can advantageously be used in a motor vehicle control device for passenger protection equipment, wherein an ignition-autonomous capacitor ensures as a system function the provision of the ignition energy for the pyrotechnic triggering of the security units.
  • FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a control circuit 10 for security units 4 , such as airbags, seat belt tensioners, belt load limiters and roll-over bars in motor vehicles.
  • This control circuit contains an up-converter 1 , which via an ignition switch S Z is connected to an operating voltage source, for example the vehicle battery, by means of the terminal 15 , to be supplied with an operating voltage U Bat of e.g. 24V. From this said up-converter 1 produces a voltage lying above it of e.g. 48V, with which a system-autonomous capacitor C S is charged and simultaneously with this operating voltage U S a charging connection 5 and a down-converter 2 is supplied.
  • an up-converter 1 which via an ignition switch S Z is connected to an operating voltage source, for example the vehicle battery, by means of the terminal 15 , to be supplied with an operating voltage U Bat of e.g. 24V. From this said up-converter 1 produces a voltage lying above it of e.g. 48V, with which
  • This down-converter 2 produces from the operating voltage U S for example an operating voltage U ⁇ C for both a microprocessor ⁇ C and operating voltages U Sat for further modules, e.g. sensor groups, in particular for side-crash-recognition.
  • the charging current 5 substantially shows only the most important elements, namely a series pass transistor T, whose collector electrode is connected to the operating voltage U S , whose source electrode is applied via a resistance R to the output of this charging connection and is connected directly to an ignition-autonomous capacitor C Z and an ignition power module 3 for triggering a security unit 4 .
  • current sources 6 and 7 are supplied by this charging connection 5 , whose functions are described below.
  • the ignition-autonomous capacitor C Z is charged by the charging connection 5 to a voltage U Zünd and in the event of operating voltage interruptions provides the ignition energy in the event of the triggering of a security unit 4 via their allocated ignition power module 3 .
  • control circuit 10 i.e. the up-converter 1 , the charging connection 5 , the voltage sources 6 and 7 , the ignition power module 3 and the down-converter 2 are controlled by the microprocessor ⁇ C, which for their control detects adequate voltage levels via the lines a, b and c.
  • microprocessor ⁇ C which for their control detects adequate voltage levels via the lines a, b and c.
  • further functional groups required for the function as a control circuit for security units, such as e.g. sensors, are not shown.
  • this control circuit 10 After closing the ignition switch S Z at first before regular operation the circuit is booted up within a softstart by appropriate clocked control of the up-converter 1 .
  • this softstart the transistor T of the charging connection 5 is controlled to the closed state, so that therewith not only the system-autonomous capacitor C S , but also the ignition-autonomous capacitor C Z is supplied with charging current.
  • the softstart operation is followed by a booster operation, wherein the two autonomous capacitors C S and C Z are charged to the respective voltage U S and U Zünd , resp. With this the transistor T of the charging connection 5 is operated as a switch both in the softstart mode and in the booster mode.
  • the two autonomous capacitors C S and C Z comprise a security relevant function, namely ensuring operation of the control circuit and provision of ignition energy in the event of a failure of the operating voltage source caused by an accident, said capacitors must be subject to testing at regular intervals.
  • the capacitor testing for the system-autonomous capacitor C S is effected by being discharged via the controlled charging connection 5 into the ignition-autonomous capacitor C Z .
  • This capacitor test can be implemented subsequently to the softstart with an opened transistor T of the charging connection 5 or—as is explained below—by means of the microprocessor ⁇ C after a discharge of the ignition-autonomous capacitor C Z effected in the opened state of the transistor T of the charging connection.
  • the said transistor T operates as a controlled resistance, by being controlled by the microprocessor ⁇ C as a current source for producing a constant current.
  • the ignition-autonomous capacitor C Z must be discharged to ground in defined manner. This happens with a current source 6 , which is triggered accordingly by the microprocessor ⁇ C.
  • the transistor T of the charging connection 5 is controlled in a circuit operation, i.e. in this case blocked, so that based on its high impedance no current can flow from the system-autonomous capacitor C S into the circuit branch which is series-connected to the charging connection 5 .
  • the transistor T of the charging connection 5 is operated again as a controlled resistance via an appropriate triggering of the microprocessor ⁇ C, for producing as a re-loading source a very low re-loading current for the ignition-autonomous capacitor C Z .
  • the ignition-autonomous capacitor C Z When shutting down the control circuit 10 , i.e. when opening the ignition switch S Z , the ignition-autonomous capacitor C Z must be discharged to ensure that unintentional ignition of the security unit 4 is not possible. This is realized by the fact that the ignition-autonomous capacitor C Z is discharged by means of triggering a discharge current source 7 by means of the microprocessor ⁇ C.
  • the exemplary control circuit 10 according to FIG. 1 shows only a single ignition power module 2 with a security unit 4 .
  • several ignition power modules with a respectively allocated security unit can be connected to the output of the charging connection 5 and the ignition-autonomous capacitor C Z , resp.
  • one ignition power module each with allocated security unit is supplied by a charging. connection each with separated ignition-autonomous capacitor.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)

Abstract

1. A method for operating an electronic module which is supplied with electrical energy by an operating voltage source with a circuit unit for carrying out at least one system function, wherein in the event of an operating voltage interruption the operating voltage is supplied by a system-autonomous capacitor and wherein the system function can be activated by means of the energy reserve supplied by a function-autonomous capacitor and in which furthermore the system-autonomous capacitor is charged by a voltage converter connected to the operating voltage source. 2.1. From DE 197 15 571 A1 a control circuit for security units is known, wherein an up-converter fed by an on-board supply system supplies a system-autonomous capacitor, whose charging voltage serves as an operating voltage for the subsequently connected circuit units, in particular a down-converter, which on its part supplies for example ignition power modules as concerns the operating voltage, each of these power modules comprising its own ignition-autonomous capacitor. 2.2. In accordance with the invention the method is characterized in that the function-autonomous capacitor is connected to the voltage converter by means of a charging connection and that it can be controlled in order to fulfil various functions in different operating states, and that is both in a switching mode for clocking the charging current charging the function-autonomous capacitor, and in a current source mode wherein the charging connection operates as a controlled resistance, both for producing a constant discharging current for checking the system-autonomous capacitor and for producing a re-loading current for re-loading the function-autonomous capacitor.

Description

  • The invention relates to a method for operating an electronic module which is supplied with electrical energy by a voltage source according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • An electronic module of this type is known from DE 197 15 571 A1, wherein a system-autonomous capacitor is charged from an up-converter supplied by an operating voltage source to a value lying above the operating voltage, in order to operate with it a down-converter which is series-connected to the system-autonomous capacitor. This down-converter supplies several electronic modules, which each comprise a function-autonomous capacitor as an energy storage, to ignite a passenger protection equipment, such as e.g. an airbag, in the event of an operating voltage failure. Thus, this reserve energy serves as an ignition energy for igniting a pyrotechnic gas producer.
  • FIG. 2 shows a simplified block diagram of this known electronic module, which is composed of an up-converter 1, a down-converter 2 which is series-connected to the up-converter 1 and a power module 3 connected to the down-converter 2, these functional units being controlled by a microprocessor μC. The power module 3 on its part triggers a security unit 4, as for example an airbag, a seat belt tensioner or a roll-over bar. Via an ignition switch SZ the up-converter 1 is supplied with an operating voltage source, which is as a rule the battery voltage Ubat. A system-autonomous capacitor CS connected to the connection line of the two voltage converters 1 serves for bridging the voltage interruption in the event of a battery voltage failure, e.g. with an accident entailing the functional deficiency of the vehicle battery. For this purpose, said system-autonomous capacitor CS is charged by the up-converter 1 to a value lying above the battery voltage Ubat. A further capacitor CZ, connected to the output of the down-converter 2, serves as an ignition-autonomous capacitor, to likewise ensure the ignition energy for the pyrotechnic triggering of a security unit 4 in the event of an operating voltage failure.
  • The advantage of this known electronic module is that for charging both the system-autonomous capacitor and the function-autonomous capacitor a complex method is necessary.
  • It is, therefore, the object of the invention to indicate a method for operating an electronic module of this type, which can be easily implemented and which requires a low circuit expenditure.
  • This object is achieved by the features of patent claim 1. Accordingly, the function-autonomous capacitor is connected both to the voltage converter and to the system-autonomous capacitor by means of a charging connection, said charging connection being controllable in order to fulfill various functions in different operating states. For charging the two autonomous capacitors, i.e. in particular during the starting phase of the electronic module, the charging connection is controlled in a switching mode for clocking the charging current. In contrast, both for checking the system-autonomous capacitor and for producing a re-loading current for re-loading the function-autonomous capacitor, the charging connection is operated as a controllable resistance, i.e. as a current source for producing a constant discharging current.
  • With this method according to the invention apart from the reliable charging of the function-autonomous capacitor additional functions can be fulfilled, in particular, checking the system-autonomous capacitor can be controlled with the charging connection by its discharging into the function-autonomous capacitor.
  • The method according to the invention can be implemented in easy manner, in particular if the charging connection is composed of at least one transistor element and of a resistance which is series-connected to it, in particular if merely a single transistor with high ampacity is connected in series to the resistor between the two autonomous capacitors.
  • With a preferred further development of the method according to the invention the voltage converter is embodied as an up-converter.
  • The method according to the invention can advantageously be used in a motor vehicle control device for passenger protection equipment, wherein an ignition-autonomous capacitor ensures as a system function the provision of the ignition energy for the pyrotechnic triggering of the security units.
  • The method according to the invention shall be described and shown on the basis of an example of embodiment taken in conjunction with FIG. 1.
  • Here, FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a control circuit 10 for security units 4, such as airbags, seat belt tensioners, belt load limiters and roll-over bars in motor vehicles. This control circuit contains an up-converter 1, which via an ignition switch SZ is connected to an operating voltage source, for example the vehicle battery, by means of the terminal 15, to be supplied with an operating voltage UBat of e.g. 24V. From this said up-converter 1 produces a voltage lying above it of e.g. 48V, with which a system-autonomous capacitor CS is charged and simultaneously with this operating voltage US a charging connection 5 and a down-converter 2 is supplied. This down-converter 2 produces from the operating voltage US for example an operating voltage UμC for both a microprocessor μC and operating voltages USat for further modules, e.g. sensor groups, in particular for side-crash-recognition.
  • The charging current 5 substantially shows only the most important elements, namely a series pass transistor T, whose collector electrode is connected to the operating voltage US, whose source electrode is applied via a resistance R to the output of this charging connection and is connected directly to an ignition-autonomous capacitor CZ and an ignition power module 3 for triggering a security unit 4. Simultaneously, current sources 6 and 7 are supplied by this charging connection 5, whose functions are described below. The ignition-autonomous capacitor CZ is charged by the charging connection 5 to a voltage UZünd and in the event of operating voltage interruptions provides the ignition energy in the event of the triggering of a security unit 4 via their allocated ignition power module 3.
  • The mentioned functional groups of this control circuit 10, i.e. the up-converter 1, the charging connection 5, the voltage sources 6 and 7, the ignition power module 3 and the down-converter 2 are controlled by the microprocessor μC, which for their control detects adequate voltage levels via the lines a, b and c. To simplify matters, further functional groups required for the function as a control circuit for security units, such as e.g. sensors, are not shown.
  • The function of this control circuit 10, in particular of the charging connection 5 shall now be described in the following. After closing the ignition switch SZ at first before regular operation the circuit is booted up within a softstart by appropriate clocked control of the up-converter 1. During this softstart the transistor T of the charging connection 5 is controlled to the closed state, so that therewith not only the system-autonomous capacitor CS, but also the ignition-autonomous capacitor CZ is supplied with charging current. The softstart operation is followed by a booster operation, wherein the two autonomous capacitors CS and CZ are charged to the respective voltage US and UZünd, resp. With this the transistor T of the charging connection 5 is operated as a switch both in the softstart mode and in the booster mode.
  • As the two autonomous capacitors CS and CZ comprise a security relevant function, namely ensuring operation of the control circuit and provision of ignition energy in the event of a failure of the operating voltage source caused by an accident, said capacitors must be subject to testing at regular intervals. The capacitor testing for the system-autonomous capacitor CS is effected by being discharged via the controlled charging connection 5 into the ignition-autonomous capacitor CZ. This capacitor test can be implemented subsequently to the softstart with an opened transistor T of the charging connection 5 or—as is explained below—by means of the microprocessor μC after a discharge of the ignition-autonomous capacitor CZ effected in the opened state of the transistor T of the charging connection. In this connection the said transistor T operates as a controlled resistance, by being controlled by the microprocessor μC as a current source for producing a constant current. Before carrying out this capacitor test, however, the ignition-autonomous capacitor CZ must be discharged to ground in defined manner. This happens with a current source 6, which is triggered accordingly by the microprocessor μC. During this discharging process the transistor T of the charging connection 5 is controlled in a circuit operation, i.e. in this case blocked, so that based on its high impedance no current can flow from the system-autonomous capacitor CS into the circuit branch which is series-connected to the charging connection 5.
  • Due to a low self-discharge of the ignition-autonomous capacitor CZ and a low current consumption of the ignition power module 3, during operation of said ignition-autonomous capacitor CZ re-loading is necessary. For this purpose the transistor T of the charging connection 5 is operated again as a controlled resistance via an appropriate triggering of the microprocessor μC, for producing as a re-loading source a very low re-loading current for the ignition-autonomous capacitor CZ.
  • When shutting down the control circuit 10, i.e. when opening the ignition switch SZ, the ignition-autonomous capacitor CZ must be discharged to ensure that unintentional ignition of the security unit 4 is not possible. This is realized by the fact that the ignition-autonomous capacitor CZ is discharged by means of triggering a discharge current source 7 by means of the microprocessor μC.
  • The exemplary control circuit 10 according to FIG. 1 shows only a single ignition power module 2 with a security unit 4. In case of need, of course, several ignition power modules with a respectively allocated security unit can be connected to the output of the charging connection 5 and the ignition-autonomous capacitor CZ, resp. Furthermore, it is also possible that one ignition power module each with allocated security unit is supplied by a charging. connection each with separated ignition-autonomous capacitor.

Claims (6)

1. A method for operating an electronic module (10) supplied with electrical energy by an operating voltage source (UBat) with a circuit unit (3) for carrying out at least one system function, wherein in the event of an operating voltage interruption the operating voltage (US) is supplied by a system-autonomous capacitor (CS) and the system function can be activated by means of the energy reserve supplied by a function-autonomous capacitor (CZ) and wherein furthermore the system-autonomous capacitor (CS) is charged by a voltage converter (1) connected to the operating voltage source (UBat), characterized in that the function-autonomous capacitor (CS) is connected to the voltage converter (1) and to the system-autonomous capacitor (CS) by means of a charging connection (5) and in that said charging connection (5) is controllable in following operating states:
a) as a switch for clocking the charging current charging the function-autonomous capacitor (CS), and
b) as a controllable resistance for producing a constant discharging current for checking the system-autonomous capacitor (CS) and for producing a re-loading current for re-loading the function-autonomous capacitor (CZ).
2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that for checking the system-autonomous capacitor (CS) it is discharged into the function-autonomous capacitor (CZ).
3-5. (canceled)
6. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the charging connection (5) is established by means of at least one transistor element (T) and by a resistance (R) which is series-connected to it.
7. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that an up-converter is used as a voltage converter (1).
8. Use of the method according to claim 1 in a motor vehicle control device with a power module (3) as a circuit unit for triggering a security unit (4), wherein in the event of an operating voltage interruption the system function is the provision of the ignition energy by means of an ignition-autonomous capacitor (CZ).
US10/535,740 2002-11-28 2003-09-25 Method for operating an electronic module supplied with electrical energy by an operating voltage source Abandoned US20060012941A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10255429A DE10255429A1 (en) 2002-11-28 2002-11-28 Method for operating an electronic module supplied from an operating voltage source
DE10255429.3 2002-11-28
PCT/DE2003/003193 WO2004051822A1 (en) 2002-11-28 2003-09-25 Method for operating an electronic module supplied with electrical energy by an operating voltage source

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WO (1) WO2004051822A1 (en)

Cited By (4)

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US20070289855A1 (en) * 2004-02-27 2007-12-20 Hartmut Schumacher Device for Supplying an Ignition Current from an Energy Reserve to at Least One Ignition Power Module
CN102884704A (en) * 2010-05-04 2013-01-16 罗伯特·博世有限公司 Control unit for operating a safety system for a vehicle and method for operating such a safety system for a vehicle
CN103176053A (en) * 2011-12-23 2013-06-26 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 Measuring circuit for capacity and parasitic resistance of capacitor
US11273781B2 (en) * 2017-05-05 2022-03-15 Continental Automotive Gmbh Method for triggering a plurality of actuators of a safety system of a motor vehicle from an energy source

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DE102005012282A1 (en) * 2005-03-17 2006-09-21 Conti Temic Microelectronic Gmbh Circuit for triggering passenger protection device, has ignition energy storage that is rechargeable by electrical system, where charging of storage is interrupted with occurrence of humidity in arrangement
WO2018180606A1 (en) * 2017-03-27 2018-10-04 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 On-vehicle power supply device and vehicle having on-vehicle power supply device mounted thereon
DE102018209464A1 (en) 2018-06-13 2019-12-19 Robert Bosch Gmbh Emergency energy storage for a vehicle
DE112019007629B4 (en) * 2019-09-19 2025-05-22 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Power supply device and lifetime diagnostic procedures
DE102020126014B4 (en) 2020-10-05 2022-07-07 Elmos Semiconductor Se Method of preventing airbags from not being deployed due to short circuits in the leads of other airbags
DE102023113861B4 (en) * 2023-05-25 2025-04-24 Elmos Semiconductor Se Method for starting an electronic circuit for an airbag system

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Cited By (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070289855A1 (en) * 2004-02-27 2007-12-20 Hartmut Schumacher Device for Supplying an Ignition Current from an Energy Reserve to at Least One Ignition Power Module
US8076795B2 (en) * 2004-02-27 2011-12-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Device for supplying an ignition current from an energy reserve to at least one ignition power module
CN102884704A (en) * 2010-05-04 2013-01-16 罗伯特·博世有限公司 Control unit for operating a safety system for a vehicle and method for operating such a safety system for a vehicle
US9225201B2 (en) 2010-05-04 2015-12-29 Robert Bosch Gmbh Control unit for operating a safety system for a vehicle and method for operating such a safety system for a vehicle
CN103176053A (en) * 2011-12-23 2013-06-26 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 Measuring circuit for capacity and parasitic resistance of capacitor
US11273781B2 (en) * 2017-05-05 2022-03-15 Continental Automotive Gmbh Method for triggering a plurality of actuators of a safety system of a motor vehicle from an energy source

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EP1565978A1 (en) 2005-08-24
WO2004051822A1 (en) 2004-06-17

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Owner name: CONTI TEMIC MICROELECTRONIC GMBH, GERMANY

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:HECKEL, MARKUS;KULESCH, MANFRED;REEL/FRAME:017043/0321

Effective date: 20050420

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION