US2005638A - Rug holder - Google Patents

Description

Patented June 18, 1935 PATENT OFFICE RUG HOLDER Elmer Clarence Schacht, Troy, N. Y., assigner to Behr-Manning Corporation, Troy, N. Y., a corporation of Massachusetts Application December 21, 1932, Serial No. 648,251

39 Claims.

This invention is an article to prevent the slippage of rugs, floor coverings or similar materials, on polished floors or other surfaces, which consists of a separate layer placed between the rug and the iioor and comprising sheet material having frictional contact surfaces and which is flexible, resilient and in some cases hygroscopic. Throughout this application the subject article will be called a rug holder.

The rug holders as hereinafter described perform the functions of preventing the slipping of the rugs on the rug holder and the rug holder on the oor, with the result that there is no movement of the rug relative to the holder or the holder relative to the floor or both the rug and holder relative to the floor. In other words, there exists a cooperative relationship between the rug on one side of the holder and the floor on the other side, so as to prevent relative movement between their contiguous surfaces. 'I'he rug holder will preferably be reversible having interchangeable frictional contact surfaces, although in some cases it is provided with a frictional contact surface on one side only.

Rug holders find their principal use under small household rugs, commonly called scatter size rugs, which are placed directly upon-polished iioors. Such rugs when unaccompanied by rug holders present a serious safety hazardA in that their nipping causes peop1e to m11 which often results in serious personal injuries. Also, such unsafeguarded rugs become constantly disarranged, which produces an untidy appearance in the household. When curled, wrinkled, folded or otherwise disarranged, they present an added hazard due to their tendency to cause people to trip or stumble and fall.

The rug holder of this invention prevents the slipping of the rug and keeps the rug lying flat which overcomes the difiiculties described above. By keeping the rug at, destructive folding and wrinkling are eliminated, which greatly prolongs the length of life4 of the rug. In addition the fiatlying feature facilitates sweeping`- and lvacuum cleaning operations. The rug holder has also been found to increase the suction of vacuum cleaners which improves their cleaning eiiiciency.

'I'he yrug holder of .this invention comprises a 50 fibres, a web of 'separators and fibres or other 55 flexible binder may be for example, glue. glycerne base or sheet material which consists of a web of and formaldehyde, which-will preserve, enhance (Cl. 15d- 49) or contribute tothe strength, flexibility and resilience of the finished product and make it hygroscopic. A preferred -form consists of a fibre-separator (e. g., cork) base saturated; and also preferably' coated, with a rubber compo.- 5 sition of the character hereinafter described. I prefer both to saturate and coat, so that the surfaces have frictional qualities imparted by both the cork and the rubber, and as a rubber composition I find very satisfactory alatex having 10 combined therewith suitable vulcanizing agents, accelerators, activators and antioxidants. 'Ihis embodiment of my invention is particularly useful in dry atmospheres where other forms utilizing hygroscopic properties, resulting from other 15 types of saturants, may lose some of their effectiveness. While this rubber-saturated type of rug holder does not have the hygroscopic property hereinafter described, I have found that it does have the other properties and advantages set 20 forth. In fact, it actually has improved or su- A perior qualities which do not vary with humidity conditions.

some cases the base material is saturated :5tlg/or coated with a flexible binder which is 25 oscopic, such as glue, glycerine and formaldeh de, or with a non-hygroscopic binder, for example, rubber, by which binders resilient particles, such as comminuted cork, are aillxed to one or both sides of the holder. A sizing or top coating 30 of one of the flexible binders is applied in some cases to more firmly secure the particles to the base. Another method of producing resilient surface irregularities is by embossing, corrugating. perforating, or similarly processing the saturated 35 and/or coated base material. Both of these methods just described endow the surface ofthe rug holder with a tentacular capacity and a multiplicity of minute vacuum cups and a multitude of'resilient protuberances or protrusions or irregularities of surface level which will extend. into and resist movement through or over the irregularities of surface'level of contiguous material. l

As a specific example of a very satisfactory rug holder, I employ a base consisting essentially of a, paper-like web' comprised of separators,l

such as' comminuted cork and fibre and saturated with a flexible hygroscopicbinder, such as tanned glue and glycerine. A rug holder of this typev possesses all of the necessary attributes, namely, strength, flexibility,J and resilience, and at the same time is hygroscopic. As another specific example o! a rug holder, according to my invention, I provide a paper-like web formed of alphacellulose fibres, for example, and separators, e. g., cork, and this web I saturate with a rubber composition of the character hereinafter described. I also preferably apply a thin coating of a rubber composition to the surfaces after saturation. In both forms of the invention the anti-slipping qualities are enhanced by the presence on the surface of a high percentage of resilient cork particles forming a particulated frictional contact surface. This web is produced by a papermaking process as described in my U. S. Patents 1,888,409 and 1,888,440, issued November 22, 1932, and has included therein a flexible binder.

'Ihe paper-like web of this development is likewise made on a paper-making machine of the cylinder, single Fourdrinier, or multiple Fourdrinier type. A stock consisting of the fibres and separators is prepared and formed into a paperlike web in the usual manner. The web so produced has included therein a exible binder preferably by saturating in a bath.

The fibres with which the separating particles are mixed to form the web should be sufficiently long (a) to contribute tearing strength to the finished product (b) to mesh and hold the separating particles, i. e., the cork, and (c) to make an absorbent paper, quickly permeable to saturating solutions. Specific examples of the fibres which I employ are:

Jute Absorbent alpha cellulose Rope Wood pulp fibres Hemp Cotton Sisal Linen Kraft pulp bres Asbestos Long wood pulp fibres By separators, I mean materials of low specific gravity which are compressible and/or elastic, which preferably can be screened to a size and which are of a character which retain compressibility and size when wet or compressed and which continue to separate the contiguous fibres and tend to cause these fibres to return to their original position when pressure has been released. Another example of a separator, in addition to comminuted cork, is granulated rubber.

The relative proportions of cork and fibre in the stock fed to the paper-making machine can be varied and controlled. I have successfully used three parts of fibre to one part of cork by weight and have also used up to three parts of cork to one part of fibre by weight.

As the separator, I prefer comminuted Acork which should be of a size which may be termed eflective. That is to say, the cork granules to be effective should not exceed, in cross section, the desired thickness of the finished sheet, nor should they be smaller in cross-section than the cross-sectional diameter of the fibres. Finer cork than this will act as a filler, thereby preventing the formation of voids and air cells, and also will be lost to a larger extent in the paper-making process; likewise smaller particles would be ineffective in acting as separators and hinges about which the fibres can flex. I have used successfully cork particles of grade from 24 to 150 mesh. Preferably, the cork particles are graded, so that a substantial percentage is in the coarse sizes, namely 24 to 50 mesh, whereby the particulated surface is produced.

By a particulated surface, I mean formation of surface irregularities due to the presence of small particles of frictional material on the rug holder surface. These particles may be incorporated in the sheet material, for example a paper-like web, at the time of formation of such a sheet, or subsequently affixed to the surface of a sheet by means of a coating.

Paper-like webs obtained by the combination of fibres and separators as above set forth, before saturation have the characteristics of strength and compressibility, but tend to crack or exhibit weakened areas if sharply flexed or creased. In other words, this product'will have a tendency toward brittleness and Will not possess a flexibility or resiliency comparable to the saturated material.

In order to obtain a satisfactory finished product for rug holder use, I permeate the web by permanently and insolubly incorporating therein any suitable flexible binder.

The binder is preferably incorporated by means of a saturating bath. 'I'he cork fibre paper-like web made on the paper-making machine is passed through a tank containing, for example, a solution of glue and glycerine and water. Thereafter, the web is passed through a cooling zone, to jell the glue but not freeze it, and from there is passed through a hath containing a tanning agent, such as formaldehyde. The web is dried by festooning on drying racks or in any other suitable manner. The binder creates a stronger union between the fibres and cork particles, increases the strength and resilience of the Webs and has the particular function or capacity of overcoming any tendency of the web to crack or weaken after creasing, folding or wrinkling. Also, the binder employed is resistant to the action of oils and other household solvents, and does not disintegrate due to the action of moisture. When applying a rubber saturant, I may also use a bath or any of the other well known commercial 'methods employed for impregnating paper with latex. The rubber composition coating may be applied in any conventional Way, for example, by coating rolls.

The web treated by immersion, as just described, has permanently and insolubly incorporated throughout its cellular structure, the flexible binder. This complete saturation is attain` d by reason of the interstitial nature of the web. That is to say, the presence of the separator, i. e., the cork particles, and their interlaced relation with the fibres, produces cells, air spaces and voids, whereby the web exerts a maximum capillary effect and the fibres are impregnated and the cork particles coated. In fact, both the fibres and cork are encased in the binder, and the thorough permeation of the web assures the presence substantially uniformly throughout the web structure of suflicient binder to obtain and preserve the qualities of strength, resilience and flexibility.

Examples of satisfactory binders are glutinous adhesives, such as casein, hide, bone, albuminous and similar glues capable of being rendered insoluble, and which can be treated or tanned, so as to become permanently and insolubly incorporated in the structure of the sheet. Other flexible binders which I employ in the cork fibre base are resin (natural and synthetic) and rubber Fourdrinier machine, one or more layers of said web being composed'exclusively of libres united during the paper-making process with one or more layers composed of cork and fibres, as disclosed in my U. S. Patent 1,888,410, issued November 22, 1932.l This laminated structure has included therein a flexible binder as heretofore described. i

In this manner, an acceptable rug holder is produced by using a core consisting exclusively Voi. fibre in order to provide strength, and uniting to this core during the paper-making process, two outside layers of cork and bre to contribute resilience and the tentacular surface effect. This web is permeated with a flexible, hygroscopic binder, such as glue, glycerine and formaldehyde.

'The cork bre web is impregnated with the binder during the saturating process. The amount of binder left on the surface or surfaces of the web is controlled according to the amount of excesssaturant which is left on the surface after the bath immersion. By removing all of the excess practically no residual binder remains as a coating film. By varying the amount of excess binder remaining on the surface after saturation,

, the depth' of coating is controlled. Likewise, the

coating is applied in a separate process, that is, saturation is accomplished in a bath as described above and the coating of a material similar to or different from the saturant is applied by the customary means, as for example, by a set of coating rolls. For example, a cork and nbre web is saturated with glue, glycerine and formaldehyde and subsequently given a coating on one or both surfaces of a more concentrated glue, glycerine solution before the second tanning process.

Again, a saturated cork fibre product is coatedv on both sides with a solution containing, rubber, of which numerous varieties are commercially available, so that after drying the rug holder has a coating containing rubberen its surface. A coating composition is selected which is adapted to produce a surface which has anti-slipping or frictional qualities. l

By such expressions as a. solution containing rubber, rubber composition or rubber coating, I mean the use of solutions, binders or coatings which contain any natural India-rubber containing latex or any-India-rubber containing latex preserved by anunonia, formaldehyde and the like, or any gutta-containing latex or balata containing latex, singly or combined. lLikewise, I employ compositions of one or more of the above mentioned latices, with suitable vulcanizing agents, accelerators, activators, antioxidants and coagulants. a

As previously mentioned, in some cases I increase the frictional resistance ofthe rug holder (whether its base is saturated with a binder or not) by providing its surface with a coating, covering or layer containing resilient particles, for example, comminuted cork or granulated rubber and obtain a particulated frictional contact surface.' Theparticles are applied to a coating film with or without a subsequent sizing coat of binder to hold them firmly in place. Again they are applied by forming a mixture with the binder or coating film and applying such mixture to the surface of the base material. The binder employed to afx the cork particles is, in'some cases, the same as that employed as the saturant. For example, glue, glycerine and formaldehyder is used as a saturant and in more concentrated form to ailix the resilient particles to the surface.-

Likewise, the coating material containingthe resilient particles for some purposes is different from that used as the saturant. For example, glue, glycerine and formaldehyde is used as a saturant and a solution containing rubber is employed to/aiilx the resilient particles tothe surface.

While I prefer to aiiix the resilient particles to a base which contains a hygroscopic element, in some cases I use a base, such as drill cloth, and amx the particles, such as cork, to the cloth base by means of a coating which is hygroscopic, such as glue, glycerine and formaldehyde or other binders which are not essentially hygroscopic as I hereinafter denne the term, such as solutions containing rubber.

It is an advantage of the cork fibre base that resilient cork particles are located on the surface during the paper-making process when the base material or web is formed which eliminates the necessity of afiixing them by a subsequent coating process. The saturated cork bre base, however, is in some cases provided with a coating,

containing resilient particles.

Throughout the specification and claims of this application, I have used the term hygroscopic to indicate a quality which is imparted to the rug ,holder by the employment of a saturant orcoating which contains a hygroscopic ingredient or element. By hygroscopic ingredient, vI mean a. material which, when included in a saturant or a coating, increases their moisture content beyond that which they would normally contain in equilibrium at any given humidit I prefer to use such an amount of a hygroscopic agent which at high humidities, namely, or 90%, (to which levels the humidity frequently rises) will absorb a maximum amount of moisture and yet not suflcient to impair the frictional characteristics of the contact surface. At the same time, I use a suiiicient quantity of the hygroscopic agent so that, at low humidities,

namely, 25 to 30%, the rug holder will possesssufficient moisture so that it is exible, resilient and has a high coeftlcient of surface friction. In

other words, I employran amount of a hygroscopic agent which Will enable the rug holder to.

function satisfactorily at the humidities which it will encounter in actual service. That is, the hygroscopic agent is present in amount sufflcient to render the rug holder constantly moist and provide a frictional contact surface.

for example, one containing rubber or a coating The fundamental characteristics of the article of the present invention and the contribution of these characteristics to the successful application of the invention as a. rug holder are as follows:

f 1. Strength and long lifes-In addition to possessing sufficient cross and length tensile, folding and tearing strength, the holders are wear and abrasion resistant and generally strong'enough in all respects to withstand their normal usage and handling.

2. A high coeicient of friction following factors also contribute.

3. Flexibilitywhich contributes to at lying, easy handling, conforming to surfaces and the ability to withstand folding, bending, wrinkling, or sharp creasing without cracking or.i'orming permanent lines of deformation. Likewise flexibility applies tothe quality of the product which assists its retin-n to its original state, after such deformation as folding or wrinkling. 'I'he rug liblders of this invention not only possess ilexto which the ibility to a. marked dglefx, but the ability to retain this flexibility over a long period of time instead of becoming britle and cracking or breaking.

4. Resilience meaning compressibility and rebound- Besides the inherent advantages of providing additional cushioning underfoot as well as sound adsorption and noise prevention, resilience in the rug holders of this invention contributes materially to the prevention of slipping. When subjected to pressure,` the surface of the resilient holder is forced into intimate engagement with the contiguous oor surface which, although polished, still contains myriads of surface scratches and other irregularities, indentations or protuberances. The resilient surface and/or body of the holder accommodates itself or conforms to the irregularities of level in the floor surface and the movement of the holder through or ov-er these irregularities is impeded. This effect is enhanced by the creation of irregularities of level on the resilient surface of the holder itself, which will mesh with, extend into, opposev and otherwise react with the irregularities of the floor surface. The maximum development of this effect is obtained by employing, for example, particles on the rug holder surface which are, in themselves, resilient, such as cork.

It is understood, of course, that the cooperative relationship of the resilient rug holder with the under surface of the rug will be similar to that with the floor just described.

Resilience implies the qualities of compressibility and rebound which enable the holder to compress readily and then return to its normal thickness and dimension after the force of compression has been removed. This ability is retained over long periods of time, which means that thc product does not readily acquire a permanent set.

The resilience` of the rug holder surface and especially the employment of resilient surface irregularities affords a tentacular eiect. There is created, under pressure, a multitude of minute vacuum cups which effectively prevent movement of the holder on the floor.

5. A further important attribute of some of the rug holders of this invention is the ability to absorb and retain moisture, that is, it is hygroscopic. The retention of moisture augments the inherent flexibility and resilience of the holder and greatly increases the resistance against slipping. The presence of moisture contributes to the plasticity of the holder which causes it to flow and embrace a larger area of contact and better conform to contiguous surfaces which decreases slippage.

6. Further desirable qualities are:

(d) Resists disintegration by water, oil and other solvents commonly found in the household.

(b) Freedom from marking, imprinting or otherwise damaging floor or rug surface.

(c) Low cost and ease of commercial manufacture.

(d) Ease of finishing or processing after fabrication, such as slitting or cutting.

In use, the rug holder is practically coextensive with the rug. In practically all cases, the rug holders as described possess sufficient strength, but, in some cases, I unite them with a reinforcing layer or backing, for example, cloth or paper, by means of a iiexible binder or adhesive.

By frictional contact surface of a rug holder, I mean such a surface which resists movement over a contiguous oor or rug surface to an appreciably greater degree than the textile undersuface of the rug. As previously described, I

produce a frictional surface on the rug holders of this invention in different ways. For example, (a) I include resilient particles, such as cork, or I include in the sheet structure a hygroscopic agent, such as a glycerine containing binder, or (b) I form the base and apply to it a frictional surface, such as a hygroscopic coating or a flexible coating containing resilient particles, such as cork or rubber.

In the drawing,

Figure 1 is a sectional view showing a rug holder A positioned between the rug and the floor;

Figure 2 is a modification of the rug holder shown in Figure 1, in section; and

Figure 3 is a modification of the rug holder shown in Figure 1, also in section.

The several views of the drawing are representative of the rug holders described in this application, and for convenience, I have illustrated the floor at I0 and any suitable rug at Il. The rug holder A shown in Figure 1 will be of any of the Various structures described above in this specification and I have shown it as comprising a web which either has included therein a binder, or a web having one or more coatings applied to its surface. In Figure 2, the base layer A is provided on its outer surface with particles adhesively united to the base as shown at I2. In Figure 3, one of the base layers described in this application is united to a preformed material such as cloth, paper, all as described above.

I claim:-

1. A rug holder comprising a separate layer adapted to be positioned between a floor covering and the floor comprising a resilient and flexible paper-like sheet of fibres and separators treated with a binder containing rubber, the said separators providing a particulated frictional contact surface.

2. A rug holder comprising a separate layer adapted to be positioned between a Iiocr covering and the 'oor comprising a resilient and flexible paper-like sheet of fibres and cork particles treat- 4ed with a binder containing rubber, the said cork particles providing a particulated frictional contact surface.

3. An article to prevent the slippage of rugs, floor coverings or similar materials, on polished floors or other surfaces, which consists of a separate layer placed between the rug and the floor and comprising a sheet material consisting of a paper-like base composed of cork and fibre and including a flexible binder, said comrninuted cork providing a frictional contact surface.

4. An article to prevent the slippage of rugs, floor lcoverings or .similar materials, on polished floors or other surfaces, which consists of a separate layer placed between the rug and the floor and comprising a sheet material consisting of a paper-like base composed of cork and brc and including a flexible binder and a flexible coating, said comrninuted cork providing a frictional contact surface.

5. An article to prevent the slippage of rugs, floor coverings or similar materials, on polished oors or other surfaces, which consists of a separate layer placed between the rug and the floor and comprising a sheet material consisting of a paper-like base composed of cork and bre and including a flexible binder and a flexible coating containing resilient particles providing a frictional contact surface.

6. A rug holder comprising a separate layer adapted to be positioned between a floor covering and the floor comprising a. resilient and ilexible base having a particulated frictional contact surface formed'of particles offrictional material. 7. Arug holder comprising afse'parate layer adapted to be positioned between a ii'oor covering and the iioor comprising ayresilient and exible paper-like sheet of fibres land separators treated with a binder, the said separators providng a particulated frictional contact surface.

8. A rug holder comprising a separate layerv a base of sheet material coatedwith a flexible binder and resilient particles.

10. An' article to preventthe slippage of rugs, oor coverings, or similar materials, Aon polished oors or other surfaces which consists of a separate layer adapted to be placed between the rug andthe floor and comprising a compressible sheet material which is treated with a flexible binder containing a hygroscopic agent in an amount suiiicientto provide a frictional contact surface.

11. An article to prevent the slippage of rugs, floor coverings, or similar materials, on polished oors or other surfaces, which consists of a separate layer adapted to be placed between the rug and the floor and comprisingl a sheet material.

which is saturated with a binder rendering the article flexible and resilient, said binder 4containing a hygroscopic agent in amount sumcient to provide a frictional contact surface.

12. An article to prevent the slippage of. rugs, floor coverings, or similar materials, on polished floors or other surfaces, which consists of a separate layer adapted to be placed between lthe rug and the oor and comprising a sheet material which is coveredV with acoating rendering the article flexible and resilient, said binder containing a hygroscopfc agent in amount suflicient to provide a frictional contact surface. f I

13. An article to preventthe slippage of rugs, floor coverings, or similar materials, on polished oors or other surfaces, which consists of a separate layer adapted to be placed between the rug and-the lfloor and comprising a sheet material which is saturated with a binder and covered with a coating rendering the article flexible and resilient, at least one said binder and coating having a hygroscopic agent present in amount to provide a frictional contact surface.

14. An article to prevent the slippage of rugs, floor coverings or similar materials, on polished oors 'or other surfaces, which consists of a separate layer adapted to be laced between the .rug and the floor and comp ing a sheet mate-v rial which is saturated with a binder rendering the article flexible and resilient, said binder containing a hygroscopic agent in amount to provide a frictional contact surface, and said'sheet provided with-.a coating forming-a frictional contact surface. .f

15. An article to prevent the slippage of rugs,

loor coverings or` similar materials, on polished floors or other surfaces,"which consists of a rug separate layer adapted to be placed between the and .the floorand comprising a sheet mate rial which is saturated with a binder rendering the article :flexible and resilient, said binder containing a hygroscopic agent, and said sheet provided with a coating of a material other than the saturant forming a frictional contact surface.

16. An article to prevent the slippage of rugs, floor coverings or similar materials, on polished iioors or other surfaces, which consists of a separate layer adapted to be placed between the rug and the i'loor and comprising a sheet material which is saturated with a binder so that the article is flexible, resilient and hygroscopic, and provided with a iiexible coating containing resilient particles, forming a frictional surface.

17. An article to prevent the slippage of rugs, floor coverings or similar materials, on polished oors or other surfaces, which consists of a separate -layer adapted to be placed between the rug and the oor and comprising a sheet material which is saturated with a binder so that the article is exible, resilient and hygroscopic, and provided with a flexible coating containing comminuted cork particles forming a frictional surface. z

18. An article to prevent the slippage of rugs, oor coverings or similar materials, on polished floors or other surfaces, which consists` of a separate layer adapted to be placed between the rug and the iioor and comprising a sheet material which is saturated with a binder so that the article is flexible, resilient and hygroscopic, and

provided with a coating containing rubber fonning a frictional contact surface. s

19. An article to preventthe slippage of rugs, floor coverings or similar materials, on polished iioors or other surfaces, which consists of a separate layer adapted to be placed between the rug and the iioor and comprising a sheet material which is saturated with a binder so that the article is exible, resilient and hygroscopic, and provided with a coating containing' rubber and resilient particles forming a frictional contact surface.

.20. An article to prevent the slippage of rugs, floor coverings orsimilar materials, on polished floors or other surfaces, which consists of a separate layer adapted to be placed between the rug and the floor and comprising a `sheet material which is saturated with a binder so that the article is iiexible,- resilient and hygroscopic, and provided with a coating containing rubber and comminuted cork particles forming a frictional contact surface.

21. An article of manufacture for preventing the slippage of rugs, floor coverings or similar materials on polished oors or other surfaces, which consists of a separate layer adapted to be placed'between the rug and the floor which comprises a base of sheet material coated with 'one surface with a flexible binder and comjminuted corkparticles.

23. An article of. manufacture for preventing the slippage of rugs, floor coverings or vsimilar materials', on polished floors or other surfaces, which consists ofwa separate layer adapted to be placed between the rug and the goor and comprising a' base of sheet material/coated with a binder containing rubber and resilient particles forming a frictional contact surface.

24. An article of manufacture for preventing the slippage of rugs, floor coverings or similar materials, on polished floors or other surfaces, which consists of a separate layer adapted to be placed between the rug and the floor and comprising a base of sheet material coated with a binder containing rubber and comminuted cork particles forming a frictional contact surface.

25. An article to prevent the slippage of rugs, fioor coverings, or similar materials, on polished fioors or other surfaces, which consists of a separate layer placed between the rug and the fioor and comprising a sheet material consisting of a paper-like base composed of separators and fibres treated with a fiexible binder. containing a hygroscopic agent in an amount suiiicient to provide a frictional contact surface.

26. An article to prevent the slippage of rugs, floor coverings or similar materials, on polished fioors or other surfaces, which consists of a separate layer placed between the rug and the floor and comprising a sheet material consisting of a paper-like base composed of comminuted cork and fibre and treated with a flexible binder containing a hygroscopic agent in an amount sufficient to provide a frictional contact surface. l

27. An article to prevent the slippage of rugs, floor coverings, or similar materials, on polished iioors or other surfaces, which consists of a separate layer placed between the rug and the floor and comprising a sheet material consisting of a paper-like laminated base in which one layer is composed exclusively of fibres and another of separators and fibres treated with a fiexible binder containing a hygroscopic agent in an amount sufficient to provide a frictional contact surface.

28. An article to prevent the slippage of rugs, fioor coverings or similar materials, on polished floors or other surfaces, which consists of a separate layer placed between the rug and the floor and comprising a sheet material consisting of a paper-like base composed of cork and fibre andl including a flexible binder composed of tanned glue and 4a plasticizer, said comminuted cork providing a frictional contact surface.

29. A rug holder comprising a separate layer adapted to be positioned between a floor covering and the floor comprising a compressible and flexible paper-like sheet of fibres saturated with a binder, and having a frictional contact surface.

30. An article to prevent the slippage of rugs, floor coverings or similar materials on polished iioors or other surfaces which consists of a separate layer adapted to be placed between the rug and the floor, and comprising a compressible sheet material treated with a fiexible binder containing a hygroscopic agent in an amount suicient to provide a frictional contact surface, said sheet having a particulated surface formed of particles also providing a frictional contact surface.

31. An article to prevent the slippage of rugs, floor coverings or similar materials on polished floors or other surfaces which consists of a separate layer adapted to be placed between the rug and the floor, and comprising a compressible sheet material of paper-like structure formed of fibres and separators and treated with a flexible binder containing a hygroscopic agent in an amount sufficient to provide a frictional contact surface, said separators constituting a particulated frictional contact surface.

32. An article of manufacture for preventing the slippage of rugs, floor coverings y'or similar materials, on polished floors or other surfaces, which consists of a separate layer adapted to be placed between the rug and the floor and comprising a base of sheet material coated with a binder containing resin and resilient particles forming a frictional contact surface.

33. An article of manufacture for preventing the slippage of rugs, floor coverings or similar materials, on polished fioors or other surfaces, which consists of a separate layer adapted to be placed between the rug and the floor and comprising a base of sheet material coated with a binder containing resin and comminuted cork particles forming a frictional contact surface.

34. A rug holder comprising a separate layer adapted to be positioned between a floor covering and the fioor comprising a resilient and flexible paper-like sheet of fibres and separators treated with a binder containing a resin, the said separators providing a particulated frictional contact surface.

35. A rug holder comprising a separate layer adapted to be positioned between a floor covering and the fioor comprising a resilient and flexible paper-like sheet of fibres and cork particles treated with a flexible binder, the said cork particles providing a particulated frictional contact surface.

36. A rug holder comprising a separate layer adapted to be positioned between a floor covering and the fioor comprising a resilient and flexible paper-like sheet of fibres and cork particles treated with a flexible binder containing a resin, the said cork particles providing a particulated frictional contact surface.

3'7. A rug holder comprising a separate layer adapted to be positioned between a floor covering and the iioor comprising a resilient and exible paper-like sheet of fibresV and separators treated with a binder, said sheet having a coating thereon of the same material as the binder and the said separators providing a particulated frictional contact surface.

38. A rug holder comprising a separate layer adapted to be positionedbetween a floor covering and the floor comprising a resilient and flexible paper-like sheet of fibres and separators treated with a binder, said sheet having a coating thereon adapted to provide a frictional surface and the said separators providing a particulated frictional contact surface.

39. A rug holder comprising a separate layer adapted to be positioned between a floor covering and the floor comprising a resilient and fiexible paper-like -sheet of fibres and separators treated with a binder, said sheet having a coating thereon of material different from the binder and adapted to provide a frictional surface, and the said separators providing a particulated frictional contact surface.

ELMER CLARENCE SCHACHT.

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