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US20050087631A1 - Intersecting jet - waterjet nozzle - Google Patents

Intersecting jet - waterjet nozzle Download PDF

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Publication number
US20050087631A1
US20050087631A1 US10/972,957 US97295704A US2005087631A1 US 20050087631 A1 US20050087631 A1 US 20050087631A1 US 97295704 A US97295704 A US 97295704A US 2005087631 A1 US2005087631 A1 US 2005087631A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
orifices
round
nozzle
jet
fan
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/972,957
Inventor
Thomas Ursic
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to US10/972,957 priority Critical patent/US20050087631A1/en
Publication of US20050087631A1 publication Critical patent/US20050087631A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/02—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape
    • B05B1/04—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape in flat form, e.g. fan-like, sheet-like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/08—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point
    • B05B7/0807—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point to form intersecting jets

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a liquid jet nozzle, and more particularly to a liquid jet nozzle which causes the fluid exiting the nozzle to have a fan pattern.
  • nozzles for fluids Numerous types of nozzles for fluids are presently known, and are used for various different purposes.
  • U.S. Patent Application Publication No. US 2003/0015604 discloses a nozzle to promote a flat fluid stream.
  • the nozzle of this reference relates to an atomizing nozzle for injecting fuel into, for example, a furnace.
  • a central liquid stream is impacted on two sides by air jets in order to shape the spray pattern of the liquid stream.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,267,301 also shows an atomizing nozzle. In this construction once again, two air flow paths are directed toward a central liquid flow to shape the spray pattern of the liquid.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,161,778 also shows an atomizing nozzle. In this construction, however, the mixed flow of air and liquid exits from two orifices that are directed toward one another.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,435,491 teaches another type of spray nozzle which produces a fan-shaped pattern by surrounding the central liquid emitting orifice with air emitting orifices so that the compressed air changes the shape of the spray pattern.
  • a nozzle for a different purpose is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,927,833. This nozzle is intended for providing a mixed spray of a plural component liquid resin and a curing agent with granular and fiber material entrained in the mixed spray.
  • the nozzle of the present invention is intended for use as a waterjet cutting nozzle.
  • a typical waterjet system includes a waterjet head that is supplied with liquid at an ultra high pressure, for example, 10,000-60,000 per square inch.
  • the ultra high pressure liquid is discharged from the head in a high velocity stream against the work piece.
  • the liquid stream is used to cut through the work piece.
  • a conventional waterjet nozzle has a round sapphire orifice.
  • a known problem encountered with using such a nozzle is a taper being formed at the cut.
  • fan jet nozzles have been used which provide a fan-shaped stream. These known nozzles are not durable and have a limited life span when used at pressures above 20,000 pounds per square inch (psi). The life expectancy of presently available fan jets above 20,000 psi (more importantly in the 30,000-40,000 psi range) is nowhere near what commercially available round sapphire orifice nozzles can produce.
  • one aspect of the present invention resides in a waterjet nozzle constructed to have two round water jets directed toward one another so that fluid leaving the jets intersects to form a fan jet pattern.
  • the fan jet nozzle of the invention has a much longer useful life than conventional fan jet nozzles at operating pressures above 20,000 psi.
  • the resulting combined or intersected jet retains a very high percentage of the energy available prior to intersection.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-section through the inventive nozzle
  • FIG. 2 is a view of the fan jet along the arrow A in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the pattern of the fan jet produced by the inventive nozzle.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross-section through the fan jet nozzle 1 of the present invention.
  • the nozzle 1 has a housing 2 with a central channel 3 via which water enters the nozzle and an outlet 4 via which the formed fan jet 5 exits the nozzle.
  • a subnozzle 6 is arranged in the central channel 3 and has two converging sections 7 .
  • the subnozzle 6 has a round sapphire orifice 8 arranged in each converging section 7 for forming a round jet 9 .
  • the orifices 8 are arranged on converging axes so that the two round water jets 9 leaving the orifices 8 collide with one another at a distance from the exit of the orifices 8 .
  • the resulting single vertical jet 5 is shown in FIG. 2 , where it is seen to have a fan-shape, instead of remaining circular.
  • the angle ⁇ of the fan jet results from the intersection of the forming jets 9 and is mainly a function of the angle ⁇ between the initial forming jets 9 .
  • round orifices can be constructed of any suitable material, sapphire is desirable due to its relatively long working life.
  • FIG. 3 is a top view of the fan jet 5 produced by the intersecting initial jets 9 .

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  • Nozzles (AREA)

Abstract

A liquid fan jet nozzle having a housing with a central passage having an inlet and an outlet. A subnozzle is arranged in the central passage and has two round orifices arranged along converging axes so that round liquid jets exiting the round orifices collide at a distance from the orifices and form a fan-shaped jet.

Description

    CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
  • The present invention is based on and claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/515,356 filed Oct. 28, 2003 entitled INTERSECTING JET—WATERJET NOZZLE, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
    • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • The present invention relates to a liquid jet nozzle, and more particularly to a liquid jet nozzle which causes the fluid exiting the nozzle to have a fan pattern.
  • Numerous types of nozzles for fluids are presently known, and are used for various different purposes. For example, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. US 2003/0015604 discloses a nozzle to promote a flat fluid stream. The nozzle of this reference relates to an atomizing nozzle for injecting fuel into, for example, a furnace. In this nozzle, a central liquid stream is impacted on two sides by air jets in order to shape the spray pattern of the liquid stream.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,267,301 also shows an atomizing nozzle. In this construction once again, two air flow paths are directed toward a central liquid flow to shape the spray pattern of the liquid.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,161,778 also shows an atomizing nozzle. In this construction, however, the mixed flow of air and liquid exits from two orifices that are directed toward one another.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,435,491 teaches another type of spray nozzle which produces a fan-shaped pattern by surrounding the central liquid emitting orifice with air emitting orifices so that the compressed air changes the shape of the spray pattern.
  • All of the above discussed references utilize air and a liquid and are intended for relatively low nozzle discharge pressures.
  • A nozzle for a different purpose is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,927,833. This nozzle is intended for providing a mixed spray of a plural component liquid resin and a curing agent with granular and fiber material entrained in the mixed spray.
  • The nozzle of the present invention is intended for use as a waterjet cutting nozzle. Such a nozzle and the equipment it is used with is disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. U.S. 2002/0066345. As can be seen from this reference, a typical waterjet system includes a waterjet head that is supplied with liquid at an ultra high pressure, for example, 10,000-60,000 per square inch. The ultra high pressure liquid is discharged from the head in a high velocity stream against the work piece. The liquid stream is used to cut through the work piece.
  • A conventional waterjet nozzle has a round sapphire orifice. A known problem encountered with using such a nozzle is a taper being formed at the cut. In order to address this problem, fan jet nozzles have been used which provide a fan-shaped stream. These known nozzles are not durable and have a limited life span when used at pressures above 20,000 pounds per square inch (psi). The life expectancy of presently available fan jets above 20,000 psi (more importantly in the 30,000-40,000 psi range) is nowhere near what commercially available round sapphire orifice nozzles can produce.
    • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a waterjet nozzle that outputs a fan-shaped stream and has a working life expectancy that is greater than existing fan jet nozzles.
  • Pursuant to this object, and others which will become apparent hereafter, one aspect of the present invention resides in a waterjet nozzle constructed to have two round water jets directed toward one another so that fluid leaving the jets intersects to form a fan jet pattern. By creating the fan jet pattern with two round orifices, namely, round sapphire orifices, the fan jet nozzle of the invention has a much longer useful life than conventional fan jet nozzles at operating pressures above 20,000 psi.
  • Furthermore, due to the highly cohesive nature of the round jets formed prior to intersection, the resulting combined or intersected jet retains a very high percentage of the energy available prior to intersection.
  • Additionally, it is an easy matter to vary the resulting angle of the fan jet by changing the angle between the nozzles forming the round jets.
  • Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of the invention which refers to the accompanying drawings.
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-section through the inventive nozzle;
  • FIG. 2 is a view of the fan jet along the arrow A in FIG. 1; and
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the pattern of the fan jet produced by the inventive nozzle.
    • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross-section through the fan jet nozzle 1 of the present invention. The nozzle 1 has a housing 2 with a central channel 3 via which water enters the nozzle and an outlet 4 via which the formed fan jet 5 exits the nozzle. A subnozzle 6 is arranged in the central channel 3 and has two converging sections 7. The subnozzle 6 has a round sapphire orifice 8 arranged in each converging section 7 for forming a round jet 9. The orifices 8 are arranged on converging axes so that the two round water jets 9 leaving the orifices 8 collide with one another at a distance from the exit of the orifices 8. By properly aligning the orifices 8 of the subnozzle 6 the horizontal component of the left orifice in FIG. 1 cancels the corresponding horizontal component of the right orifice. This results in a combined jet 5 that consists completely of vertical components of the two round forming jets 9. Also, the resulting combined jet 5 is substantially at the center space between the two initial forming jets 9.
  • The resulting single vertical jet 5 is shown in FIG. 2, where it is seen to have a fan-shape, instead of remaining circular. The angle α of the fan jet results from the intersection of the forming jets 9 and is mainly a function of the angle θ between the initial forming jets 9.
  • Although the round orifices can be constructed of any suitable material, sapphire is desirable due to its relatively long working life.
  • FIG. 3 is a top view of the fan jet 5 produced by the intersecting initial jets 9.
  • Although the present invention has been described in relation to particular embodiments thereof, many other variations and modifications and other uses will become apparent to those skilled in the art. It is preferred, therefore, that the present invention be limited not by the specific disclosure herein, but only by the appended claims.

Claims (4)

1. A liquid fan jet nozzle, comprising:
a housing having a central passage with an inlet and an outlet; and
a subnozzle arranged in the central passage, the subnozzle having two round orifices arranged along converging axes so that round liquid jets exiting the round orifices collide at a distance from the orifices and form a fan-shaped jet.
2. The nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the round orifices are sapphire orifices.
3. The nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the round orifices of the subnozzle are aligned so that a horizontal component of a first of the orifices cancels a horizontal component of a second of the orifices.
4. The nozzle according to claim 3, wherein an angle that encompasses the fan jet is a function of an angle between the converging axes of the round orifices in the subnozzle.
US10/972,957 2003-10-28 2004-10-25 Intersecting jet - waterjet nozzle Abandoned US20050087631A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/972,957 US20050087631A1 (en) 2003-10-28 2004-10-25 Intersecting jet - waterjet nozzle

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US51535603P 2003-10-28 2003-10-28
US10/972,957 US20050087631A1 (en) 2003-10-28 2004-10-25 Intersecting jet - waterjet nozzle

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20050087631A1 true US20050087631A1 (en) 2005-04-28

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EP (1) EP1527820A1 (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7219849B1 (en) * 2005-12-13 2007-05-22 Graves Spray Supply, Inc. Liquid impingement nozzle with paired openings
US20090320661A1 (en) * 2008-06-27 2009-12-31 Xerox Corporation Multi-orifice fluid jet to enable efficient, high precision micromachining
US20210345749A1 (en) * 2018-10-02 2021-11-11 L'oreal Hair dyeing process
US20210368957A1 (en) * 2018-10-02 2021-12-02 L'oreal Hair treatment process
US12201207B2 (en) 2018-10-02 2025-01-21 L'oreal Hair treatment method

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CZ2018124A3 (en) * 2018-03-13 2019-07-03 PTV, spol. s r.o. Multi-jet abrasive head

Citations (34)

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US1173279A (en) * 1912-12-09 1916-02-29 Kinney Mfg Company Sprinkler-nozzle.
US2235258A (en) * 1940-06-25 1941-03-18 Fog Nozzle Co Fire extinguishing nozzle
US2290979A (en) * 1941-06-14 1942-07-28 Hydro Blast Corp Sandblasting device
US2302021A (en) * 1941-11-06 1942-11-17 Rockwood Sprinkler Co Nozzle for generating fog
US2323464A (en) * 1942-05-21 1943-07-06 Akron Brass Mfg Company Inc Spray nozzle
US2364848A (en) * 1944-01-19 1944-12-12 Gordon F Hurst Fog nozzle
US2499092A (en) * 1946-05-14 1950-02-28 Fog Nozzle Company Fog nozzle
US2605144A (en) * 1950-08-25 1952-07-29 Gen Electric Nozzle
US2812213A (en) * 1956-02-16 1957-11-05 James A Bede Spray nozzle
US2928611A (en) * 1958-11-17 1960-03-15 Elkhart Brass Mfg Company Fire hose nozzle
US3927833A (en) * 1974-04-29 1975-12-23 Ransburg Corp Apparatus for forming multiple-component composite structures
US3972150A (en) * 1974-06-05 1976-08-03 Bernard Eaton Hart Guns for forming jets of particulate material
US4131236A (en) * 1975-12-24 1978-12-26 The British Hydromechanics Research Association High velocity liquid jet cutting nozzle
US4534427A (en) * 1983-07-25 1985-08-13 Wang Fun Den Abrasive containing fluid jet drilling apparatus and process
US4660773A (en) * 1983-11-08 1987-04-28 Flow Industries, Inc. Leakproof high pressure nozzle assembly
US4687066A (en) * 1986-01-15 1987-08-18 Varel Manufacturing Company Rock bit circulation nozzle
US4768709A (en) * 1986-10-29 1988-09-06 Fluidyne Corporation Process and apparatus for generating particulate containing fluid jets
US4793556A (en) * 1984-12-21 1988-12-27 National Research Development Corporation Method of and apparatus for the nebulization of liquids and liquid suspensions
US4936512A (en) * 1988-12-14 1990-06-26 Flow International Corporation Nozzle assembly and method of providing same
US5249747A (en) * 1990-07-12 1993-10-05 Par-Way Group Sprayable dispensing system for viscous vegetable oils and apparatus therefor
US5288186A (en) * 1992-09-21 1994-02-22 University Of Kentucky Research Foundation Apparatus and method of high-pressure waterjet assisted cooling/lubrication in machining
US5307992A (en) * 1992-11-18 1994-05-03 Usbi Co. Method and system for coating a substrate with a reinforced resin matrix
US5358179A (en) * 1993-08-18 1994-10-25 The Procter & Gamble Company Atomization systems for high viscosity products
US5435491A (en) * 1993-04-21 1995-07-25 Alloy Kohki Co., Ltd. Air mixed type spray apparatus
US5469926A (en) * 1994-04-22 1995-11-28 Bor-Mor, Inc. Directional boring drill bit blade
US5605492A (en) * 1994-11-14 1997-02-25 Trumpf Gmbh & Co. Method and machine tool for cutting workpieces
US5890661A (en) * 1996-11-27 1999-04-06 Par-Way Group Colliding stream spray dispensing system with a moldable nozzle
US5992404A (en) * 1997-03-07 1999-11-30 Jenoptik Aktiengesellschaft Process and device for clearing out joints in masonry
US6161778A (en) * 1999-06-11 2000-12-19 Spraying Systems Co. Air atomizing nozzle assembly with improved air cap
US6267301B1 (en) * 1999-06-11 2001-07-31 Spraying Systems Co. Air atomizing nozzle assembly with improved air cap
US20020066345A1 (en) * 2000-12-06 2002-06-06 Shepherd John D. Waterjet edge cut taper controlling method
US20030015604A1 (en) * 2001-07-18 2003-01-23 Kobayashi William Thoru Nozzle to promote flat fluid stream
US20040050948A1 (en) * 2000-12-15 2004-03-18 Frank Bartels Method and device for controlling odours
US7100844B2 (en) * 2002-10-16 2006-09-05 Ultrastrip Systems, Inc. High impact waterjet nozzle

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DE2225463A1 (en) * 1972-05-25 1973-12-06 Bendix Corp Textile fluid jet cutter - nozzle geometry permitting formation of long lasting coherent cutting jet
DE2928698A1 (en) * 1979-07-16 1981-02-19 Nat Res Dev Dispenser for liq. bearing particulate abrasive material - has fluid fed through nozzle to mixing chamber to pick up abrasive material in suspension
EP0119338A1 (en) * 1983-03-17 1984-09-26 Jetin Industrial Limited High pressure liquid cutting apparatus

Patent Citations (34)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1173279A (en) * 1912-12-09 1916-02-29 Kinney Mfg Company Sprinkler-nozzle.
US2235258A (en) * 1940-06-25 1941-03-18 Fog Nozzle Co Fire extinguishing nozzle
US2290979A (en) * 1941-06-14 1942-07-28 Hydro Blast Corp Sandblasting device
US2302021A (en) * 1941-11-06 1942-11-17 Rockwood Sprinkler Co Nozzle for generating fog
US2323464A (en) * 1942-05-21 1943-07-06 Akron Brass Mfg Company Inc Spray nozzle
US2364848A (en) * 1944-01-19 1944-12-12 Gordon F Hurst Fog nozzle
US2499092A (en) * 1946-05-14 1950-02-28 Fog Nozzle Company Fog nozzle
US2605144A (en) * 1950-08-25 1952-07-29 Gen Electric Nozzle
US2812213A (en) * 1956-02-16 1957-11-05 James A Bede Spray nozzle
US2928611A (en) * 1958-11-17 1960-03-15 Elkhart Brass Mfg Company Fire hose nozzle
US3927833A (en) * 1974-04-29 1975-12-23 Ransburg Corp Apparatus for forming multiple-component composite structures
US3972150A (en) * 1974-06-05 1976-08-03 Bernard Eaton Hart Guns for forming jets of particulate material
US4131236A (en) * 1975-12-24 1978-12-26 The British Hydromechanics Research Association High velocity liquid jet cutting nozzle
US4534427A (en) * 1983-07-25 1985-08-13 Wang Fun Den Abrasive containing fluid jet drilling apparatus and process
US4660773A (en) * 1983-11-08 1987-04-28 Flow Industries, Inc. Leakproof high pressure nozzle assembly
US4793556A (en) * 1984-12-21 1988-12-27 National Research Development Corporation Method of and apparatus for the nebulization of liquids and liquid suspensions
US4687066A (en) * 1986-01-15 1987-08-18 Varel Manufacturing Company Rock bit circulation nozzle
US4768709A (en) * 1986-10-29 1988-09-06 Fluidyne Corporation Process and apparatus for generating particulate containing fluid jets
US4936512A (en) * 1988-12-14 1990-06-26 Flow International Corporation Nozzle assembly and method of providing same
US5249747A (en) * 1990-07-12 1993-10-05 Par-Way Group Sprayable dispensing system for viscous vegetable oils and apparatus therefor
US5288186A (en) * 1992-09-21 1994-02-22 University Of Kentucky Research Foundation Apparatus and method of high-pressure waterjet assisted cooling/lubrication in machining
US5307992A (en) * 1992-11-18 1994-05-03 Usbi Co. Method and system for coating a substrate with a reinforced resin matrix
US5435491A (en) * 1993-04-21 1995-07-25 Alloy Kohki Co., Ltd. Air mixed type spray apparatus
US5358179A (en) * 1993-08-18 1994-10-25 The Procter & Gamble Company Atomization systems for high viscosity products
US5469926A (en) * 1994-04-22 1995-11-28 Bor-Mor, Inc. Directional boring drill bit blade
US5605492A (en) * 1994-11-14 1997-02-25 Trumpf Gmbh & Co. Method and machine tool for cutting workpieces
US5890661A (en) * 1996-11-27 1999-04-06 Par-Way Group Colliding stream spray dispensing system with a moldable nozzle
US5992404A (en) * 1997-03-07 1999-11-30 Jenoptik Aktiengesellschaft Process and device for clearing out joints in masonry
US6161778A (en) * 1999-06-11 2000-12-19 Spraying Systems Co. Air atomizing nozzle assembly with improved air cap
US6267301B1 (en) * 1999-06-11 2001-07-31 Spraying Systems Co. Air atomizing nozzle assembly with improved air cap
US20020066345A1 (en) * 2000-12-06 2002-06-06 Shepherd John D. Waterjet edge cut taper controlling method
US20040050948A1 (en) * 2000-12-15 2004-03-18 Frank Bartels Method and device for controlling odours
US20030015604A1 (en) * 2001-07-18 2003-01-23 Kobayashi William Thoru Nozzle to promote flat fluid stream
US7100844B2 (en) * 2002-10-16 2006-09-05 Ultrastrip Systems, Inc. High impact waterjet nozzle

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7219849B1 (en) * 2005-12-13 2007-05-22 Graves Spray Supply, Inc. Liquid impingement nozzle with paired openings
US20070131801A1 (en) * 2005-12-13 2007-06-14 Graves Spray Supply, Inc. Liquid impingement nozzle with paired openings
US20090320661A1 (en) * 2008-06-27 2009-12-31 Xerox Corporation Multi-orifice fluid jet to enable efficient, high precision micromachining
US7789734B2 (en) * 2008-06-27 2010-09-07 Xerox Corporation Multi-orifice fluid jet to enable efficient, high precision micromachining
US20210345749A1 (en) * 2018-10-02 2021-11-11 L'oreal Hair dyeing process
US20210368957A1 (en) * 2018-10-02 2021-12-02 L'oreal Hair treatment process
US12053072B2 (en) * 2018-10-02 2024-08-06 L'oreal Hair treatment process
US12201207B2 (en) 2018-10-02 2025-01-21 L'oreal Hair treatment method

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Publication number Publication date
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