US2004563A - Compressor - Google Patents

Description

June 11, 1935# BfBoGosLoWsKY 25004563 COMPRESSR Filed June 2s, 1951 s sheets-Sheet 1 I N VEN TOR. Qr/S ogos/o wsky A TTORNE Y.

June 11, 1935. B, BOGOSLOWSKY 2,004,563

COMPRES SOR Filed June 23, 1931 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 1F99; f l

INVENTOR. or/s ogos/asky A TTORNEY.

innemen! June 11, 193s 2,004,563 COMPRESSOR Boris Bogoslowsky, Bri

by mesne Fitchburg, Mass Application June 23,

4 Claims.

is a compressor and more par- 5 weight.

A further object of the invention is a compressor which will produce uid under the desired pressure, but at a relatively low velocity.

An important feature of this invention and one I have, as a sequent slight loss in pressure. This is accompanied by an expansion, and these two factors coupled with the necessary change of direction in passingthrough the labyrinth cause the retardation of the pressure to such extent as to practically eliminate the escape of pressure from the pockets between the respective vanes.

' through passages center dgepoi't, Conn., assignor, assignments, to Arnold C.

Dickinson,

1931,'seria1 No. 546,274 (C1. 23o-152) Another important feature of this invention resides in the fact that the rotor of my compressor 'is a hollow or cored rotor and this rotor is provided with a relatively .large number of radivanes relatively small pockets in'which compression takes place. With this construction, the y vanes follow one another in such rapid sequence and the pressure between successive pockets is graduated so linely that the pressure will be held in any one pocket by approximately the same pressure in the next succeeding pocket. In other lwords, the building up of the pressure in the successive pockets is so gradual that the pressure in each pocket substantially the pressure nates friction thereby permitting the device to be run at speeds which would otherwise be wholly impractical. VTo further minimize friction, the vanes are made quite thin and may be fabricated from material which is itself a lubricant.

I have referred to the operation of the vanes in webs in the rotor. The rotor is in the main built up of a series of radial webs providing there-l between chambers, so that the whole rotor is in eiect skeletonized. The chambers communicate with the center of the rotor which is hollow and open at its ends and the chambers are also open at their ends to the atl 35 mosphere, so that as the rotor is turned at high there `will e a constant circulation of cooling fluid through the center of the rotor out 4 wardly through the chambers and from the chambers to the outer atmosphere in the event that an air cooled structure is desired. If a water cooled structure is desired, the end plates of thecasing may be connected with a suitable water outlet and water may be fed through the hollow A to produce the liquid.

The present invention may, in practice, be incorporated in a single stage compressor or may operate upon multiple stage principles. If a single stage compressor is desired, the casing may 50 have have a single eccentricity with respect to the rotor and may in. effect be cylindrical. I1 a A multiple stage compressor is desired, that portion of the casing which .coacts with the vanes will have a multiple eccentricity'as will be here- 55 l circulation of the cooling of the casing, as is made in theform of a casting of inafter more fully explained, there being an intercooler interposed between the respective eccentricities for reasons which will be fully understood.

The invention embodies further additional important features which will be apparent from the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the appended claims and the accompanying drawings.

The accompanying drawings illustrate different practical embodiments of the invention, but the constructions therein set forth are to be understood as illustrative, only, and not as dening the limits of the invention.

Figure l.shows a single stage compressor em' bodying the present invention. The rotor and its shaft are shown in elevation, but the casing is shown in section in the plane of the line I-I of Figs. 2 and 3.

Figure 2`is a the lines 2-2 of Figures l and Figure 3 is a side elevation shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Figure 4 is an end view of the structure of Figure 3.

Figine 5 is a packing disks.

Figure 6 is an edge view ofthe disk shown in Figure 5.

Figure 'l is an edge view of one of the smaller packing disks of the rotor. `Figure 8 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the manner in which the invention may be embodied in a multistage compressor.

Figure 9 is a view similar to-Figure 1 but show-- ing a modified form of labyrinth packing.

Figure 10 shows one of the labyrinth packing rings of the casing illustrated in Figure 9. i

Referring iirst to the single stage compressor as shown in Figs. l to 7, inclusive, the casing or stationary part of the compressor comprises a central portion I, which is cylindrical and is eccentric with respect to the two end portions 2 which are also respectively include end plates 3 which have axial bearings 4 in which is supported the shaft 5 of the rotor 6. With this arrangement, the rotor 6 is mounted to rotate coaxially with the end portions 2 of the casing and all parts of the rotor are. coaxial with one another and with the end portions 2 of the casing, but that portion of the rotor which operates within the central portion I of the casing 'is eccentric with respect to said portion I clearly shown in Fig. 2. This said central portion of the rotor sdesignated by the reference character 1. The central portion 1 of the rotor is preferably cylindrical form. tightly fitted upon the shaft 5 which is hollow and said casting 1 is coredout, so that its'cross section resembles the spokes of a wheel, as shown in Figure 2. These so-called spokes constitute in eiect webs 8 which support the peripheral cylindrical wall of the casting.

transverse section in the plane of 3. of the apparatus face view of one of the labyrinth 4 Between the respective webs, the casting is hollow and constitutes a plurality of chambers 9 which extend from one end to the other of the casting. On the Opposite ends of the casting 1 are mounted anges and these flanges are each composed of a plurality of packing disks. These packing disks lare of two sizes alternately positioned with reclearly shown in Figure designated Ill' and one spect to o ne another as 1. The larger disks are of them is shown in Figs.v 5 and 6, the smallerthe Vother of the a radial direction.

cylindrical. The end portions 2 torily hold the pressure.

disks are'designated I I and one of them is .shown in Figure 7. These disks are fastened iirmly to the ends of the casting 1, by means of screws or bolts I2 and said disks are provided with openings corresponding in shape and'placement to the chambers 9 of the rotor so that these chambers will extend uninterruptedly from one end to rctor. Y

The central portion I of the casing is in the form of a casting I4 provided on its exterior with radiating fins if the pump is to be air cooled or jacketed if the pump is to be water cooled. This casting is of substantially the same axial length as the casting l1 and interposed between the Aends of the casting I4 and the end plates 3 are rings I5 and I6, of which the rings I5 are relatively narrow, while the rings I6 are. relatively wide. These several rings I5 and I6- are alternately 'exposed according to size and screws or bolts I1 extend through the end plates and into the casting I4 to secure the parts of the casing together. l

As clearly shown in Fig. l, the large disks III are juxtaposed with the narrow rings I5, while the small disks II are juxtaposed with the wide rings I6, so as to produce in effect a castellated cross section. It is important to this inventicn, however, that none of the disks contact with any of the rings and accordingly the rings I5 and the disks II are made of the same thickness, while the disks I0 and the rings I6 are made of the same thickness as one another, but of a lesser thickness, say one or two thousands of an inch less than the thickness of the rings l5 and disks II. Thus, while all the rings and disks intert as shown in this figure, they do so without contact in an axial direction and suflicient clearance is also allowed to preclude their contact in The shaft 5 is also mounted so that it will not have axial movement and it therefore follows that the rotor is adapted to turn without any part thereof thus far described coming in contact through the bearings 4.

Formed in each of the webs 8 of the rotor is a pocket I8 and in each Vof these pockets isposi- I9 which, as the rotor is turned, is with and follow the inner casting I 4. It is pertinent here to note that there are preferably as many webs provided as the size of the structure will n vanes as possible under the circumstances. These vanes aretherefore made as thin as the work which they are required to do will -permit and are bylpreference` constructed from some self lubricating material or composition embodying as with any part ofthe casing except' allow, so as to obtain as many one of its elements some lubricating substance,

such as graphite, although the invention is not limited in this regard. Experiments made with graphited bakelite and textolite have given very satisfactory results although other materials may be employed without departing from this inven-l tion. The vanes are mainly guided by the pockets I8 of the rotor, but it will be noted from Figure l that the innermost disks-I0 are also provided with radial channels 2| of the pockets I8 and serve to support and guide the opposite ends of the vanes. This is highly important as it serves vanes and the innermost disks I0 and eliminates side pressure or axial pressure on the vane. Without this structure, it is'impossible to satisfaclThe vanes working in which register with the ends as a packing between the the channels, however, are highly edicient for the purpose stated.

In the single stage compressor shown in Figs. 1-7, the casing is provided with an inlet 22 and an outlet 23. The inlet is positioned at substantially the point of greatest 4distance between the rotor and the casing, while the outlet is positioned at approximately the shortest distance between the rotor and the casing. Thus, if the rotor is rotated in a clockwise direction in Fig. 2, air will pass into pockets 24 between the consecutive vanes and as the air is carried along in these pockets, it will be compressed until it reaches its maximum compression adjacent the outlet 23 where it will be discharged. It will be noted, moreover, that a passage or channel 25 extends from the inlet 22 in a retrograde direction along the inner surface 20 of the casing. 'Ihe purpose of this channel is to permit air to enter the pockets 2S practically as soon as a minus pressure is produced therein. Thus, the pockets 26- are adapted to be fed with air if this is the iluid to be compressed, from the time they overlap the channel 25 until they pass by the inlet 22 and from that point to the outlet compression takes place.

I have referred to the use oi as many pockets as convenient under the 'circumstances and I prefer to have these pockets small so as topermit of a considerable number of them. The purpose of this arrangement is to provide a relatively gradual stepping up of the pressure between the i outwardly through the ends consecutive pockets, so that the pressure in any one pocket willserve as a pressure buffer against the escape of pressure from the next preceding pocket. As a resulto this arrangement, it is found unnecessary to have an absolutely leakproof joint between the outer edges of the vane and the surface of the wall 2li. Furthermore, as hereinbefore pointed out, with the labyrinth packing which I have described as formed by the disks i@ and ii and rings i5 and it, leakage at the ends of the pockets 2d by escape or pressure through the joints between the nanges of the rotor and the casing is negligible. I have found that this pressure in order to escape must change direction rapidly a great many times. At each change of direction, there is retardation of the new and this coupled with skin friction has been found by me to produce such emcient retardation that escape of pressure is negligible as to constitute in efect an actual packing through the use of the fluid itself, despite the rfact that there is no actual contact between the movable and stationary parts.

It will be-noted from Figure 2 that the shaft 5 is hollow and that each of the chambers scommunicate with the interior of the hollow shaft through passages 26 while from Figure 1 it will be noted that the end plates are cut out or skeletonized as shown at2`l. Accordingly, when the rotor is operated at high speed, the air within the hollow shaft will pass through the passages 26 and of these passages and through the openings 21, so that there will be a circulation of air within the rotor which will serve as a cooling medium. It will be further noted that by skeletonizing the rotor as shown, all of the Walls thereof are relatively thin so that `any heat generated can be readily carried on by the iiow of cooling fluid through the interior of the rotor as stated. Air cooling is preferred, but, if desired, water or other cooling liquid may be circulated without departing from this invention.

In the invention, as thus far described, the apparatus has been shown 'as a single stage compressor. In Fig. 8, however, I have diagrammatically illustrated the adaptation of the present invention to a multiple stage compressor. In this ngure, the structure is substantially the same as described in the preceding iigures'with the ex- -ception of the cross sectional shape of the casting ||4 which corresponds to the casting `I4 and with the further difference that there is a variation in the position of the inlet and outlet |22 and |23,

tercooler through the inlet 2S and passed through.4

a further compression stage until it is discharged through the outlet |23. The operation will be clearly apparent from the foregoing description of the invention. l'I'he' packing operation of the vanes and the formation of the rotor structure is the same as in the preceding gures and the opposite ends of the casing are cylindrical to 4cooperate with the cylindrical rotor to produce the 4packing as hereinbefore described.

The apparatus of this invention has been referred to primarily as a compressor for compressing air, gas, or other uids, but I am of course aware that it may be operatedif desired as a vacuum pump.

The apparatus described embodies numerous advantageous features. The hollow rotor with its relatively thin walls permits of proper cooling, and this cooling applies not only to the maincasting of the rotor, but alsoto the cooling ofthe labyrinth packing disks. These packing disks, as well as the cooperating rings in effect, a laminatedconstruction which permit the parts to be readily assembled and also permits me to make the main castingof the casing in one piece without necessitating separable diametric sections. commercial standpoint and from the standpoint of operation. l The rotor of this invention is extremely light as compared with prior practice and its eciency surpasses by many times any other compressor construction heretofore suggested. With reference to the multistagecompressor feature 'of this inventio it will be apparent that the invention provides in one unit for the use of a single hollow rotor and a single stator in a multiple stage compressor or vacuum pump.

In the foregoing packing in both cases is built up in the form of laminations by superimposing disks and Arings as described. It is within the purview oi this invention, however, to produce labyrinth packing without laminations and in Figs. 9 and 10, such an arrangement is shown. In these figures, the anges 36 of the rotor instead of being built up by the laminating disks I0 and are made in the form of solid pieces secured to the main casting of the rotor by means ofscrews i2.. The peripheries of these flanges are circumferentially channeled to produce a castellated cross section. The central portion and the end plates 3 of the casing are made the same as in Figure l, but instead of using packing rings I5 and I6, laminated as shown in Fig. l, a single thick ring is-used between the part! and each end plate 3. ThisI of the casing' constitute,

This is highly important from a description, the labyrinth ring is designated 3l and is divided diametrically into two sections as shown in Fig. l0. The inner periphery of each ring is channeled to produce a castellated cross section complementary to and adapted to intert with the corresponding flange 30 to produce the labyrinth packing. Each ring, moreover, is provided with holes 32 through which bolts 33 may be passed to bolt the rings 30 between the end plates 3 and the main casting I. By virtue of these bolts, the parts are secured together and the sections of the ring are main-` tained in assembled relation. The purpose of using a split ring 3| as described is to permit assembly of the parts where the flanges 30 are made solid.

The accompanying drawings disclose the invention in its preferred practical form, but the invention is to be understood as fully commensurate with the appended claims.

Having thus fully described the invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1.. In an assembly of the character described, a stationary casing having coaxial annular recesses of castellated cross section in the opposite ends thereof, an intermediate portion of the casing constituting an eccentrically positioned chamber having inlet and outlet passages, a rotor positioned within said chamber and mounted to rotate coaxially of said recesses, flanges of castellated cross section on the ends of said rotor interfitting with said recesses, but free from contact with the walls of said recesses, said rotor having radial pockets and the flanges having juxtaposed radial channelsin their inner faces,

and vanes supported for radial movement in said pockets and channels, said vanes being positioned ternately small andA large relatively close to one another to divide the chamber -into a large number of relatively small pockets, the opposing surfaces of the intertted -castellated portions of the flanges and recesses being parallel to or coaxial with one another and -age or by-passing of pressure from or between the several pockets of the rotor is precluded.

2. In an assembly of the character described, a casing provided with circular end portions and with an intermediate eccentrically disposed cylindrical portion, al rotor positioned within the casing and mounted for rotation coaxally with the circular end portions of the latter, said rotor being provided at its opposite ends with flanges, said flanges having packing ribs of aldiameter and the corresponding portions of the casing comprising packing ribs of alternate .large and small internal diameter complementary to and intermeshing with the pac 'ng ribs of the rotor, and spaced therefrom a distance small enougl -to hold compression, but free froml contact therewith to form a labyrinth packing at both rotor flanges, and vanes interposed between the rotor and the intermediate portion of the casing and extending between the flanges of the rotor, the rotor being provided with radial pockets and the spaced apart a substantially uniform distancev tween the rotor and the flanges having registering radial channels, said vanes being supported for radial sliding movement in said pockets and channels, said packing ribs being spaced axially and radially a substantially uniform distance.

3. In an assembly of the character a casing provided with circular end portions, the adjacent e'nd walls .of which occupy parallel planes and said casing having an intermediate eccentric cylindrical portion, a rotor positioned within the casing and mounted for rotation coaxially of said circular end portions, said rotor being provided at'its opposite ends with flanges positioned in said circular end portions with the adjacent faces of said flanges occupying parallel planes and arranged in close fitting but noncontacting relation with said adjacent walls of the circular end portions, vanes interposed between the rotor and the intermediate portion of the casing and extending between the flanges of the rotor,.the rotor being provided with radial pockets and the anges having registering radial channels with the vanes supported for radial sliding movement in said pockets and channels to divide the interior of -the intermediate portion of the casing into a succession of chambers, said circular end portions'of the casing being provided with spaced apart inwardly extending ribs and said flanges being provided with spaced apart outwardly extending ribs interfltting with the ribs of the circular portions in close fitting but non-contacting relation with a substantially uniform spacing between the ribs throughout the castellated joint thus formed, whereby excessive axial or circumferential leakage or ;bypassing described.'

of pressure from or between the-several chambers of the rotor is precluded.

4. In an assembly of the character described, a casing provided with circular end portions, the adjacent end walls of which occupy parallel planes and said casing having an intermediate eccentric cylindrical portion, a rotor positioned within the casing and mounted for rotation coaxially of said circular end portions, said rotor bein-g provided at its opposite ends with flanges positioned in said circular end portions with the adjacent facesof said ilanges occupying parallel planes and arranged in close fitting but noncontacting relation with said adjacent walls of the circular end portions, vanes interposed beintermediate portion of the casing and extending between the flanges of the rotor, to divide the interior of the intermediate portion of the casing into a succession of chambers, said circular end portions'of the casing being provided with spaced apart inwardly extending ribs and said anges being provided with spaced apart outwardly extending ribs intertting with the ribs of the circular portions in close `fitting but non-contacting relation with a substantially uniform spacing between the ribs throughout the castellated joint thus formed, whereby excessive axial or circumferential leakage or by-passing of pressure from or between the several chambers of the rotor is precluded.

BORIS BOGOSLOWSKY.

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