US2004281A - Injector - Google Patents

Description

June 1l, 1935. E. HENKEL ETAL 2,004,281

' INJEcToR Filed Aug. 20,- 1932 BY Q/.kg

" ATTORNEY Patented June 11, `19354 aooezsrV i f Erich Henkerfcalumetoity;111.,Arthurwiuiams l'V l 'i Hammond, `Ind.,\and Rudolf Ostermann," i r Kenilworth, Ill., assignors to The, Superheater Compa 11y, New @York, I\T ,Y,=` t y j )Application August 20, 1932, `Serial m9629522 v l j 14v claims. (ci maven): e

35 The present invention relates to injectorsjand 'has particular reference to injectors intended j ltofbe operated primarily by exhaust steam from an engine and hereinafter referred to as exhaust j steam injectors. j

- "-Theprimary purpose of 'using'exhaustgsteaml injectors is to` improve iuel economybyhreturne iingjgto the boiler, in;l the' form of heated feed hausted from the enginel operating Aon `stearn Lfronti'tlfie boiler, which heat Wouldlotherwise be lost. `Inorder to recover fand v`returri` to the boiler the largest. amount of heat from the eX- haust steam,v itis desirable, to condense inthe injector aslarge a quantity of exhaust steam asy possible, Theamount of exhaust lsteam which can be `condensedjin an exhaust steam injector is dependent, 'among other things, upon the amounteof water beingfed to the `ir'ijeotor and vthe amount ofnwater fed to' the `injector vwill usually vary considerably, particularly4 when the injector is `employed forffeedingwater toa ,locof motive'-boilen` Y Due to the relativelyfgreat differencein pres-I: sure between the pressure of 't the exhaust steam employed and the boiler pressure against which `tlfieinjector `must deliver, exhaust `steamjinjectors areV considerably moresensitive in opera]- tion than arelive steam injectorsand"` thesensi 30 tivityof the injector becomes increasinglyjgreat as the water regulation approaches V the mini'-,`

mum capacityoi the injector or the maximum capacity of -th'e injector. ,In general, however; it `may be said thatfthe greater the ratejat which n water is Vfed to the in`jector`, the greater is the raterat which exhaust 'steam can be'` condensed withoutfendangering stability ofc naeration'l` In the prior development of `'exhaust steam injectors it has beenfoundthat `improved re# sults can be obtained `by condensing what may be termed `a .primary `supply"of'exhaust steam with therwaterifed tothe injector .and by there`` after condensinga secondary supply of'eghaust steam with the mixture of feed l'water vand'oondensate` ofprimary steam before the-mixture enters the combiningltube of the injector." In connection with our development of `exhaust steam injectors `We have found that the per- -formance of .exhaust l steam injectors of the abovefcharacter caribe improved inya manner hereinafter to be -more'fully pointed out, due .toila Acharacteristic of said injectors whichwe believe A:has not heretofore been' appreciated. A1t is ounconclusionthat in injectorslwhere primary 5-5; e and-Lsecndarylsteam supplies-ffare--employed in nozzle' oriiice through Ythe formation of asingleljetythe major portion '0f theiener'ey of'thesteam. inthe prlmary sup- Plyjs ,Converted into energy Qf Velocity, gYng of the "encrgy'ojf the secondary lsteam is 4recovered as jheat 'energy tending vto raise the tem- `velocity tothe mixture entering thecombining v tube of the injector, Whereas the major portion perature of theY liquid delivered by the injector; Y

In accordance Withthepresent invention We utilizev this characteristic to raise `the tempera# ture off-the liquid delivered from the injector` to the maximum practical degree `vvhile yat,the same f time not iinpairing -thestability of the injector o r its'range of capacitylby throttling under any conditions of injector operation the` area of the which the primary; steam `supply flows; Y l "The more speoiic` nature of V"the invention and` the several objects and Aadvantages there- `of will 4appear more; fullyigin conjunction 4VWith d the ensuingydescriptian fgthe apparatus suite able forjoarryin'g-the invention into effectwhich -is illustrated" in the accompanying drawing forming' a part ofc-this 'speciiication TfIn-thedrawingzf y Y j Figi u1 isa longitudinal central section of an exhaust steam injector'embodying, the inven# --JFigQ 2is aplan view of 4a partmof the injector shown in Fig. -1, and e Fig.` 3 is agsection of npart of an injector showing "24 different primary steam nozzle arrangement: a i f t Turning nowV to-Fig. 1,v the injector` illustrated is ofthe so-calledMetcalfe ,type and is adapted to operate on live steam` at low pressuret `here' v ina'fter` referred to as aui'iiliary steaml Whenl exhaust steam `Vis not available land is also 5 adaptedto 'employ'amrelativelysmall amount of highW-pressure livejlsteam `hereinafterreferred toas supplementary steam. It is vdistinctly be\t'funderstood;` however, that `the invention ,is

not limited to this particular typeof injector,` which has -be'enfchosen 4for `purposes of j illustrationwbut is equally applicable to `other types ,of injectors as well. A Y j 3 j-InigiA g1 theinjector body bis indicated glenerallyat 4'Ill and comprises a main low pressure` member 23, fixed in casing l0, projects through chamber 2i so as to deliver primary steam at a point within the water nozzle forming member 24.1. For purposes of the'present application, we

will employ the term nozzle to designate thev opening or space through which fluid passes Y rather than thel member or members the walls of which denne such opening. Thus, the nozzle member 23 provides a main or primary steam nozzle 25 and the water nozzle 26 is formed between the walls of member 24 and the walls of the sleeve or shroud 2l which is slidably mounted within the casing and axially movable to vary the area of nozzle 26 in order to control the. amount of water supplied to the injector.

In the device illustrated, axial movement of shroud 2i' is effected by turning spindle 23 which is mounted in the casing and which carries at its lower end an eccentrically mounted pin 23 engaging a suitable slot in shroud 2l. Turning movement of spindle 28 is effected through the medium of the external control handle 30 which is adapted to be actuated through any suitable linkage, not shown.r dvantageously, equalization of water pressure in the spaces adjacent to the shroud 2l is. ensured as by the provision of one or more ports 5o in the shroud and a groove 5l in nozzle 23.

Turningnow for a moment to Fig. 3, there is illustrated another arrangement in which the shroud 27 is Xed in the casing and the primary nozzle member 273 is slidably mounted and engaged by pin 29V to effect variation in the area of the opening of water nozzle 26.

A secondary steam supply chamber 3l in the injector is connected with the main low pressure chamber Il by means of conduit 32 which may advantageouslyv be formed within the casing of the injector and slidably mounted within the casing adjacent to chamber 3| is the secondary steam nozzle member 33. As will be evi'- dent from the drawing, the walls of members 212- and 33-form an annular secondary steam nozzle 3d the area of which may be Varied by movement of member 33. Movement of member 33 may advantageouslybe effected by an arrangement such as the one illustrated comprising an operating spindle 35 similar to spindle 28 and carrying an eccentric pin 36 engaging a slot in member 33. Spindle 35 is actuated by handle 3l and the handles 30 and 31 are connected by the link 38 pivotally secured to the handles by pins 39 and 40. Intermediate its ends the link 38 is provided with a hole 4l adapted to register with a hole 42 in the fixed arm 43 when the link is in the position shown in Fig. 2. Y

At the discharge side of nozzle member 33 are located the usual combining and delivery tubes 44 and 035, respectively, the .outlet end of the latter being in communication with the delivery pipe 46 through the usual check valve-41 and the combining chamber 48 being in communication with the usual overow passage 49.

'Operation of the apparatus is as follows:

Low pressure steam from chamber Il is delivered through the' primary steam nozzle 25 and water is delivered throughthe water nozzle 26,

the quantity of water delivered being regulated by the axial position of the water nozzle forming member which, in the form shown in Fig. l, is shroud 27 and in the form shown in Fig. 3 is the primary steam nozzle member. Additional low pressure steam from the supply admitted to chamber Il is condensed at the secondary steam nozzle 34, the size of which is governed by the position of memberV 33. By reference toy Fig. 2, it will be evident that if regulation of the amount of water supplied to the injector is effected by moving handle 3D in clockwise direction the shroud 21 will be moved to the left in Fig. l, thereby decreasing the area of thev water nozzle 2S. At the same time, handle 31 will be moved in counter-clockwise direction and member 33 will be moved to the right in Fig. l, thus decreasing the area of nozzle 34. In

the drawings the above parts are shown in the position giving minimum water nozzle opening and secondary steam nozzle opening.

It is evident that when the minimum amount of water is supplied to the injector, the injector has the minimum capacity for condensing steam and consequently the total area of the nozzles supplying steam to the injector should correspond to the requirements of the injector under conditions of minimum water supply. However, under conditions of minimum water supply, the

injector will usually still have to deliver against the usual delivery pressure and the supply of primary steam should, therefore, be not reduced, in orderthat the full kinetic effect of this steam may be availed of.

As the amount of water fed to the injector in- Y creases,'the capacityV ofthe injector to condense steam also increases and in accordance with the present invention this increased capacity of the injector to' condense more steam is availed 0f by increasing the amount of secondary or heating steam supplied to the injector, and the increase (or decrease in the case of a diminishing water supply) is effected by changing the secondary nozzle area so as to avoid the losses which would occur if the secondary steam sup- V ply were throttled prior to admission to the secondary steam chamber.

By the arrangement which we have provided itis possible to secure maximum steam condensing capacity, and consequent maximum fuel economy, through regulation of the area of the secondary steam nozzle, whereby the maximum quantity of exhaust steam is condensed which can be condensed with any given amount of water. At thersame time, stability of operation ofthe injector throughout its capacity range is maintained as is also the ability of the injector to deliver against its normal delivery pressure under different conditions, because of the relatively xed character of the primary steam nozzle. v

VIt ywill be evident that the capacity of the injector to condense steam is a function not only of the quantity of water fed to the injector but alsoofthe temperature of the water. The lower the temperature of the water the greater is the capacity of the injector to condense steam. In the case of injectors applied to locomotives, pare ticularly in certain geographical locations, the temperature of the water supplied to the injector will vary between' wide limits at diiferent seasons of the year. In many cases, for example, the temperature of the water supplied to the injector during twor or three summer months is relatively high and if the injector is designed with nozzle openings so that during 'o accessi the: majoiv portion 'of the y.time the maximum rsteam:condensation and consequent economy is* obtained, i there Jvvill` be certain periods `when 'operation of i thewinjector (will tendr tombecom'e i unstable because of `,the hig'htemperature of :the

Watervfed to the injector` ,Desirable as" is "the factor i ofV maximum fuel economy, 'dependability ofoperation isstill more4 important and in order to avoid any possiblediiiculty duetto unstability of operation because of too largea steam nozzle` 'steamynozzle` opening; `,This Voperation -jisv extremely simple and may be effected Without in any waydisturbing the connections to `thein` jector or any of its interior parts. Further,-

ornore, with this o ,arrangement injectors may be' built, according topa more.- or less standardized designano still be applicable junder'widely Avary`` ing Service conditions. In someflocalities'the a'djustabi-lity of thesecondary vsteam nozzle Vin accordancel with Water regulationmay be utithe water supply is. at times at excessive `temperatu-res,` the benetsto bederived 4from* the adjustable secondary steam nozzle may be obtained during the seasons when ya Watersupply at` L relatively, normal n temperatureA is ,i available, Without sacriiicing vstability of operation at times `vvhenjhigh Watersupply temperatures are enwimered i ,Y f j i It will be appreciated bythose skilled inthe art that in many instances `the exhaust steam supplied to an injectoris not lonly pulsating in character ,but varies considerably `in averagel pressure. Exhaust Asteam injectors operate to the best advantage with steam at relatively constant pressure and frequently pressure regulatinggmeans are employed injtheconduit :through Whichlexhaust steam is supplied from the engine to the low `pressure steam chamber fort chambers ofthe injector. i In this connection ,We `Wish it toV be i-understood; that the term `Aiixedv and other like terms employed herein to indicate a -xed 'primary steam supply are to be interpreted so as -to include steam supplies having the nori mal variations in pressure and 'quantity of steam exhausted `from an` engine or as discharged from a regulating valve from Whichthe steam isiionductedto the injector'.` i i y 1Witl1in the, scope of thewinvention many changes and variations in the formof apparatus employed may beima'd'e, and certain features j of the invention 'may Vbe employed-to the eXclu-" sion "of others.`

What is claimedis: y o

1. In an injector, means providing a main steam nozzle, means providing a `vvaternozzle of variable area arranged to deliver water for condensing steam from said main nozzle to establish a jet and means providing a` secondary steam nozzle for supplying additional 'steam to be condensed by the jet of Water and condensate established by the mainlnozzle and the water nozzle, saidlast mentionedmeans comprising a movable nozzle member for varying the area of said secondary nozzle in accordance with variations in the area of said .Water nozzle.

y 2. In an injector, vmeans providing a mainv `steam nozzle of fixed area, a casing, means comprisig a nozzle member movable in said casing ranged to fdeliv'er water for condensing steam iromvsaid main nozzle to establish a jet, means comprising al nozzleV member-movable insaid casingitofprovide a :secondary-steam nozzle of `variable 'areafor supplying additional steam Ato Atoprovide,awaternozzle Voivaria'ble arealar-` i be condensed by the jet-of Water andcondensate I established 'by` themain Anozzle and the Water nozzle and i means `operatively connectingsaid nozzle members to cause vsimultaneous increase ordecreas'e in theareas of vsaid Water nozzle and said secondary steam nozzle .upontmovement of the nrstmentioned member;

i 3. `In fair injector, 'a casing 'providing a steamchamber forlovv pressure steam,`means in said s i j casingproviding amainisteam nozzle of iixed f area. in .communieationfV with `said i chamber,

means; in said@casing comprising" a movable o' 'nozzlem'embe'r foriprovidinga Waternozzle of Variablefar'ea` arranged to delivenwater for condensingsteamifrom said `main nozzle to establish j Aa jet, meansffor movingsaid member to vary the amount of water supplied tothe injector, means comprising an annular nozzle memberj movable in said casing for providing'a secondary steam L nozzle, for supplying additional steamato be con- -lized Latalltimesandin other localities where densed bythe `jetoi water4 andcondensate established -by the :main nozzle and the water nozzle; a conduit providing `an unrestricted path 'ofi'owifo'r low pressure steam as "suppliedfto l the injector 'to said secondary nozzlefand means operatively connecting Js'aid movable members for causing the 'area of the secondary steamy `forming members mounted in axial alignment in 'saidvc'asing' to form in the order named a main steamznozzle incommuni'cation with said chamfber, a water nozzle anda secondary steam nozzle `forfsupplying.additional steam to be condensed by fthecjet of` Water Aand condensate from `the main'nozzle andthe water nozzle, a plurality of` said members `being movable With respect to the other-members to varythe 'area of said Water Y -nozzlei'and of "said secondary steam nozzleand Ameans foroperatively connecting the members movablet to determine the size of thetwo last mentioned'nozzles, Tsaid secondary steam nozzle being Zin `:communication With a source ofiflow pressurefsteam'as supplied to the injector.

5.` Inman injector, a casing providing `a low pressure Vsteam chamber, a` plurality of nozzle i forming members mounted inaxial alignment -`in `"said casing to form in the order named a main Y steamwnozzle inoommunication with said chamber, Iazwaternozzle and a secondary steam nozzle,

said members comprisingavvater nozzle forming member fixed in said casing and a plurality oi members movably mounted in said casing adjacent to the fixed member to form a water nozzle and a secondary steam nozzle having variable areas, said movable members being interconnected'and said secondary steam nozzle being in com-V munication With a source of low pressure steam as supplied to the injector and supplying additional steam to be condensed bythe jet of water and condensate established by the `main nozzle and the Water nozzle.V

6. In an injector having a water nozzle andl a secondary steam nozzle, a member movable'to ,t vary the area of said Water nozzle, a second ondary'steam nozzle, actuating means for movmember movable `to vary the area of said secing said first member, actuating nieansfor moving said second member and means for alternatively connecting said last mentioned means to said nrst mentioned means or to a fixed part of the injector to lock said second member in a position providing minimum opening of said secondary steam nozzle.

'7. In an injector, a casing providing a low pressure steam chamber, a member iixed in said casing and providing a primary steam nozzle of iixed area in communication with said chamber, a second member Xed in said casing, a shroud movably mounted in said casing around the first mentioned member and cooperating With the second mentioned member to yprovide a Water nozzle of variable area, a third member slidably mounted in said casing and cooperating with the second mentioned member to provide a secondary steam nozzle Vof variable area and means for operatively connecting said shroud and said third member whereby to cause simultaneous enlargement or contraction of the areas of said water and secondary steam nozzles, said secondary steam nozzle being in communication with said low pressure steam chamber.

8. In an injector, a casing providing a low pressure steam chamber, a member slidably mounted in said casing adjacent to said chamber and` providing a main steam nozzle, a second member fixed in said casing adjacent to the first member and cooperating therewith to form a water nozzle of variable area, a third member slidably mounted in said casing adjacent to said second member and cooperating therewith to form a secondary steam nozzle of vari- Vable area located to supply additional steam from said chamber to be condensed by the jet of water and condensate established by the main nozzle and the water nozzle and means operatively connecting said rst member and said third member to cause simultaneous enlargement or contraction of said water nozzle and said secondary steam nozzle, said secondary -steam nozzle being in communication with said low pressure steam chamber.

9. In the operation of an exhaust steam in-V jector of the type in which a main steam supply is combined With a Water supply to estab-` lish a jet and a secondary steam supply is condensed by said jet to increase the temperature of the jet, that improvement which `consists in maintaining a constant main steam supply and varying the quantity of secondary steam in accordance with variations in the quantity oi water supplied to the injector. Y 1

10. In an injector, the improved method of forming a jet of variable quantity which consists in establishing a central jet of primary steam of constant area, condensing said jet of steam with Van annular envelope of'water, varying the quansteam around the jet formed by the water and the primary steam and varying the amount of secondary steam condensed by varying "the thickness of the envelope of secondary steam in accordance with variations in the thickness of the envelope of water. f

,11. In an injector, a casing, a Water Vnozzle forming member in said casing and a plurality of members in said casing and movable with respect .to the rst mentioned member and cooperatingtherewith to form a Water nozzle and a secondary steam nozzle on opposite sides of the first mentioned member, said last mentioned members being interconnected for simultaneous enlargement or contraction of the areas of said nozzles.

12. In an injector, a casing, a Water nozzle 'forming member in said casing andY a plurality of members in said casing movable With respect to said first mentioned member and cooperating therewith to form a Water nozzle and afsecondary steam nozzle on opposite sides of thev first mentioned member, said last mentioned members being interconnected for simultaneous movement toward and away from said rst lmentioned member. i

13. In an injector, a casingfa water nozzle forming member xed in said casing, a first movable member in said casing to one side of the rst mentioned member and cooperating therewith to form a Water nozzle, a second movable member in said casing on the opposite side of the rst mentioned member and cooperating therewith to form a secondary steamY nozzle and means interconnecting said movable members for causing simultaneous movement thereof toward or away from each other.

14. In ran injector, a casing, means in said casing forming a primary steam nozzle, a Water nozzle and a secondary steam nozzle comprising a first member movable to vary the area of the water nozzle and a second member movable to vary the area of the secondary steam nozzle, a spindle operable to move the first mentioned member, a spindle operable to move the second mentioned member, an arm on each of said spindles, a link connecting said arms, said link being disconnectable from the'arm von the rst mentioned spindle and means cooperating v with said casing for iixing the link in a posi--

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