US2004275A - Apparatus for burning heavy fuel oils - Google Patents

Description

June 11, I935.

APPARATUS FOR BURNING HEAVY FUEL OILS Filed July 21, 1933 I I I I I I I I s. I I I I I I H Enrique Juan Fa A'Yg' 5 BY Jose Capra ATTORNEY.

E. J. FACCINI ETAL I 7 2,004,275

Patented June"11, 1935 r APPARATUS Fon BURNING HE Y UEL 3 v r I .Enriq ue Juan Faccini andJos Capra, IBuenos Aires, Argentina.

: Application July zl,1933,SerialNo.61;436 & s

3 Our invention relatesto the combustion of heavyuhydrocarbons,"such as crude oils" and the like, and itsniain object is to provide a simple and economic apparatus which will considerably redu'ce installation and operating ex penses, While at the same time-allowing a substantially complete utilization" of the fuel.

Heretofore, [the combustion of heavy hydrocarbons has been effec'ted by thespraying; or atomizirlg of the fuel by-means of a current of air or steam under pressure. Such procedure requires the installation of compressorsfor boilers with special equipment which is -very expensive and, besides?"necessitates"a consid erable operating and maintenance expense;

Moreover, the atomizingor spraying ofthe fuel is not effected in aper fectmanner,' thus caus ing an incomplete combustion and, conse' quently, a loss becausejof'the wasted residues;

According to this invention, mechanical atomizing or spraying is eliminated, and; the com bustion is perfect and complete.""-

In our apparatus the" heavy? hydrocarbons are,

first cracked, the lightdi stillates are separated therefrom, and are subsequently condensed andgasified, the expanding gases being then introduced into the burner, resulting in a complete atomizing and combustion of, the distillation residues, which are carried together with said gases to the burner.

In order that th inventionmay be clearly understood and easily put into practice, we refer to the accompanying drawing, showing, by way of example, a suitable installatiom'and on which Figure 1 is a schematic view of the apparatus while f I Figure 2 is a view, partly broken away, of the interior of the apparatus. The apparatus as shown comprises few very simple elements. At I isvshown a distillation coil which is fed directly from the crudeoil tank 2, which inturnis connected, by means of the usual piping, to the main storage tank (not shown) This coil, l, the heating surface of which will vary in accordance with the requirements and the character of the oil, covers the inner wall of the grate G, being preferably adapted thereto and following its contour.

Coil I, outwardly projects through a suitable opening in the furnace door and, by means of the pipe 4, extends to an adequate height where it is connected to a condensing coil 5, provided with cooling means, the condensingsurface of which coil 5 varies in accordance with the defeeding'tank 22L gases. enter the burner 16 through of a pipe -ID- equipped with a valve H."

The liquid distillate carried bythe pipe J3, flows through a non' return valve [4, to the vaporizing coil ;--l 5 which, 3 in regular} spirals, extends a ove-magma, along the path of coil I. Theend of [coil l5 leads tothe. burner indicated at l6" injFig l but not etherwise "shown.

A" pipe 18, which starts from the trap IS in pipe vll, leads to a tank collecting theoil" which has already yielded-its percentagefofl light oils. e pump 2| "carries thisfoil to the auxiliary "oil contained tank 2 flows e crude through thepipe 24Iandthr ough valve 25 enters coil 1; travellingthrough'its entire length; Coil the oil we, temperature of-l C., for which the thermostatic valve, I! has been set; In thisway, aconstantfebullition process. of the oil 'is started; which causes the separation therefrom of the first by-products in a gaseous state,;such as crudenaphtha (8O to "1 00 C.) kerosenes (130 CJ and other lightoil gases. Thesegasesflowthrough the pipe 4 into ,condensing coil 5 then are gradually liquefied collecting in the tank 6, thus resulting in a first distillation by-product having all the advantages and features of the crude naphtha.

From the tank 6, the distilled product flows through the pipe 1 into tank 8, and thence to tank l2 which feeds the vaporizing coil [5, also exposed to the heat of burner l6. By virtue V of this heating action, the product is again l-being ekposed'to the heat'ofburner I6, heats cally,- increases in volume until it reaches pres sures of 4 to 5 atmospheres, under normal work ing conditions. The pressure and admission of,

gases to the burner l6 are controlled by-the thermostatic valve ll, the operation of which will be described later.

Careful investigations and tests have proved that large percentages of crude naphtha, some times reaching, 36%can thus be obtained depending on the nature of the crude oil used.

Sofar, we have a volume of highly combustible gases contained at a certain pressure in V the vaporizing coil l5. Upon leaving same, the the pipe 26,

after passing the thermostatic control valve [1. Once in the burner, the gases burn in the form of a jet which violently strikes the bottom of the grate, the size of the jet depending on the caliber of the burner mouth and the pressure.

The heavy oils which do not distill at the temperature regulated by the thermostatic valve i! are dragged along by the lighter distillation vapours and are deposited in the trap l9 from which they pass to' the collecting tank 20 to be elevated by means of pump 2| to tank 22. From the latter, the oil passes through pipe 21 to the burner l6 and falls in the shapeof a. thin thread on the flame produced by the combus- .tion of the gases resulting from the light distillates. Thus, combustion of the heavy residual fractions is instantaneously and thoroughly effected. In this manner, notonly an efiicient and safe service, but also a maximum economic utilization of the fuel is obtained. The thermostatic valve I1 is of great importance for theaccuracy, safety and efiiciency of the apparatus. Located intermediate the vaporizing coil l5 and burner l6 and adjusted to a temperature required to obtain the first Icy-products, this valve controls and maintains the stability of such thermicsystem. It may be adjusted so as to easily adapt it for operation in accordance with the quality of the oil used, inorder to establish the temperatures which are most suitable for obtaining the best gaseous product from the fuel. Also, the special arrangement of said valve in the installation of the system, makes it independent of the diiferent temperatures which may exist in the furnace. The arrangement of this valve allows two ad justments: for quantity and quality.

An excessive production of fuel in the coil I would find an outlet in'the overflow valve 28 and may be collected, if desired.

Having now particularly described and ascer tained the nature of the present invention and the manner in which same may be carried out, we claim: 1

1. Oil burning apparatusgcomprising a burner, a distillation coil disposed to be subjected to the heat of the burner, an oil supply line connected to one end of said coil, a condensing coil connectedat one end to "the other end of said distillation coil, said condensing coil being located above said distillation coil, means in the connection between said distillation coil and said condensing coil for the collection of unvaporized oil, a storage vessel connected to the other end of said condensing coil and located below the latter coil and above the burner, a vaporizing coil connected at one end with said storage vessel and disposed to be subjected to the heat of the burner, and a connection between the other end of said vaporizing coil and the burner.

2 Oil burning apparatus comprising a burner, a distillation coil disposed to be subjected to the heat of the burner, an oil supply line connected toone end of said coil, a condensing coil connected at one end to the other end of said distillation coil, said condensing coil being located above said distillation coil, means in the connection between said distillation coil and said condensing coil for the collection of unvaporized oil, a storage vessel connected to the other end of said condensing coil and located below the latter coil and above the burner, a vaporizing coil connected at one end with said storage vessel and disposed to. be subjected to the heat of the burner, a connection between the other end of said vaporizing coil and the burnen'an oil trap in the connection between the distillation coil and'the condenser coil, and means for the supply of oil from said trap tothe burner.

3." Oil burning apparatus comprising a burner, a distillation coil disposed to be subjected to the heat of the burner, an oil supply line connected to one end of said coil, a condensing coil connectedat one end to the other end of said distillation coil, said condensing coil being located above said distillation coil, means in the connection between said distillation coil and said condensing soil for the collection of unvaporized oil, a storage vessel connected to the other end of said condensing coil and located below the latter coil and above the burner, and a connection between said vessel and said burner. 4. Oil burning apparatus as set forth in claim 1 including a thermostatically operated valve controlling admission of izing coil to the burner.

5. Oil burning apparatus as set forth in claim 2 including a thermostatically operated valve controlling admission of gases fromthe vaporizing coil to the burner.

ENRlQUE JUAN FACCINI. JOSE CAPRA.

gases from the vapor-

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