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US20040028620A1 - Separation of living particles from a gas under pressure - Google Patents

Separation of living particles from a gas under pressure Download PDF

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Publication number
US20040028620A1
US20040028620A1 US10/432,828 US43282803A US2004028620A1 US 20040028620 A1 US20040028620 A1 US 20040028620A1 US 43282803 A US43282803 A US 43282803A US 2004028620 A1 US2004028620 A1 US 2004028620A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
gas
gas mixture
particles
volume
gases
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/432,828
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English (en)
Inventor
Andre Monnot
Corinne Nawrocki
Stephane Melen
Valerie Schreiber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Air Liquide Sante International SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide Sante International SA
LAir Liquide SA a Directoire et Conseil de Surveillance pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Air Liquide Sante International SA, LAir Liquide SA a Directoire et Conseil de Surveillance pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical Air Liquide Sante International SA
Assigned to AIR LIQUIDE SANTE (INTERNATIONAL), L'AIR LIQUIDE, SOCIETE ANONYME A DIRECTOIRE ET CONSEIL DE SURVEILLANCE POUR L'ETUDE ET, L'EXPLOITATION DES PROCEDES GEORGES, CLAUDE reassignment AIR LIQUIDE SANTE (INTERNATIONAL) ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MONNOT, ANDRE, SCHREIBER, VALERIE, MELEN, STEPHANE, NAWROCKI, CORINNE
Publication of US20040028620A1 publication Critical patent/US20040028620A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D45/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces
    • B01D45/04—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by utilising inertia
    • B01D45/08—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by utilising inertia by impingement against baffle separators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/2202—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
    • G01N15/0255—Investigating particle size or size distribution with mechanical, e.g. inertial, classification, and investigation of sorted collections
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
    • G01N15/0272—Investigating particle size or size distribution with screening; with classification by filtering
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/2202—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling
    • G01N2001/222—Other features
    • G01N2001/2223—Other features aerosol sampling devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
    • G01N15/0255—Investigating particle size or size distribution with mechanical, e.g. inertial, classification, and investigation of sorted collections
    • G01N2015/0261—Investigating particle size or size distribution with mechanical, e.g. inertial, classification, and investigation of sorted collections using impactors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
    • G01N2015/0288—Sorting the particles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of the production, applications and analysis of gases.
  • the filtration method consists in passing a gas through a filter holder fitted with a filter whose pore size is between about 0.22 ⁇ m and 0.45 ⁇ m.
  • the microorganisms which are being carried by the gas flow and whose size is greater than that of the pores are retained by the filter.
  • the filter is subsequently collected under aseptic conditions, and it is either washed in order to recover the microorganisms or put directly into culture on a Petri dish. After a specified period of incubation in the oven, the number of colony-forming units (CFU) is counted and the germs that are present are identified. The number of colony-forming units per volume of sampled gas, expressed in CFU/m 3 , is deduced therefrom.
  • a water-soluble filter based on gelatin is used which makes it possible, after having added water, to put the filter directly into culture or alternatively deposit it on a Petri dish.
  • the impact method consists in sampling the gas, accelerating its flow strongly and directing it at a target coated with gelose.
  • the particles and microorganisms which have sufficient momentum leave the air flow and are thrown onto the surface of the gelose-coated target.
  • Screen impacting according to which the gas passes through a plate pierced with holes. Each hole initiating a gas jet which impacts the target (AIR TESTTM OMEGA equipment), and “impact by centrifuging” or by “rotation of the flow” according to which the particles are separated from the gas flow in order to be thrown by centrifuging onto a strip of gelose (Biotest's RCS High FlowTM equipment or ECOMESURE's BIAPTM equipment).
  • the Applicant has therefore sought to develop a method for separating particles from a gas or a gas mixture.
  • the invention relates to a method for impact-separation of living or revivable particles from a gas or a gas mixture under pressure containing them, characterized in that it comprises:
  • step (d) of trapping said particles separated from the stream during step (c), on a target [0015] a step (d) of trapping said particles separated from the stream during step (c), on a target.
  • gas or gas mixture under pressure denotes a gas or a gas mixture at a total pressure of more than 1 atmosphere (about 10 5 Pa), generally at a total pressure of less than or equal to 200 atmospheres, and more particularly at a total pressure of less than or equal to 10 atmospheres.
  • the term sharp in the present patent application is intended to mean a deceleration which makes it possible to reduce the velocity of a gas stream, having a Mach number of between 1 and 3, to a zero axial velocity on the target.
  • confined volume (V) in which steps (a) and (b) are carried out and at the end of which step (c) is carried out, is intended in the present invention to mean a finite volume delimited by a finite lateral surface, and said lateral surface is a surface of revolution about the axis (x).
  • the flow rate of gas whose microbiological quality is intended to be determined varies depending on the origin and/or the use which is made of said gas. It is often between 50 liters per minute and 400 liters per minute, and more particularly between 100 liters per minute and 200 liters per minute.
  • the method to which the present invention relates can be carried out with any gas or gas mixture.
  • gases or gas mixtures there are for example air, oxygen (O 2 ), nitrogen (N 2 ), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), helium (He), nitrous oxide (N 2 O), nitrogen monoxide (NO), mixtures of nitrous oxide and oxygen, carbon dioxide and oxygen, nitrogen and nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen monoxide or helium and oxygen, and more particularly mixtures (50% by volume (v/v) N 2 O+50% v/v O 2 ), (5% v/v CO 2 +95% v/v O 2 ), (200 ppm to 800 ppm NO in N 2 ), (78% v/v He+22% v/v O 2 ), (65% He+35% O 2 ) and (80% v/v He+20% v/v O 2 ), used in medicine or mixtures of nitrogen and carbon dioxide (N 2 +CO 2 ) used in the food industry.
  • the confined volume consists of a first volume fraction (V a ), in which step (a) is carried out and which is delimited by two bases (B 1 ) and (B 2 ) of areas S 1 and S 2 , with S 1 greater than or equal to S 2 , and a second volume fraction (V b ) contiguous to (V a ), in which step (b) is carried out and which is delimited by (B 2 ) and a base (B 3 ) of areas S 3 , with S 3 greater than or equal to S 2 .
  • the velocity of the flow of the gas or the gas mixture coming from step (a) is greater than the speed of sound.
  • the axial velocity along the axis (x) of the flow of the gas or the gas mixture coming from step (b) tends to zero.
  • the trapping step (d) is carried out on a target surface capable of fixing said particles.
  • living and revivable particles denotes microorganisms of any orders, which are capable of reproducing under suitable pressure and temperature conditions.
  • the target surface is that of a nutrient medium allowing development and reproduction of the trapped microorganisms. It may be a liquid medium or a solid medium such as gelose. Depending on the type of microorganisms whose presence is intended to be determined, said medium will be specific to the growth of one or more bacterial species or non-specific.
  • the medium TCSTM (AES laboratory, reference: AEB 522 859) (tryptocasein soy), which is a non-selective medium comprising 15 g/l of pastone, 5 g/l of soy papainic peptone, 5 g/l of sodium chloride and 15 g/l of agar;
  • the medium R2ATM (AES laboratory, reference AEB 523 480) which is a non-selective medium comprising 1.0 g/l of a mixture of peptones (peptone proteose), 0.5 g/l of yeast extract, 0.5 g/l of casein acid hydrolysate, 0.5 g/l of dextrose, 0.5 g/l soluble starch, 0.3 g/l of dipotassium phosphate (K 2 HPO 4 ), 0.024 g/l of magnesium sulfate, 0.3 g/l of sodium pyruvate and 15 g/l of agar.
  • peptone proteose peptone proteose
  • yeast extract 0.5 g/l of yeast extract
  • casein acid hydrolysate 0.5 g/l of dextrose
  • 0.5 g/l soluble starch 0.3 g/l of dipotassium phosphate (K 2 HPO 4 )
  • the medium R3ATM which is a non-selective medium comprising 1.0 g/l of a mixture of peptones (peptone proteose), 1.0 g/l of yeast extract, 1.0 g/l of casein acid hydrolysate, 1.0 g/l of dextrose, 1.0 g/l of soluble starch, 0.6 g/l of dipotassium phosphate (K 2 HPO 4 ), 0.10 g/l of magnesium sulfate, 0.10 g/l of sodium pyruvate and 30 g/l of agar.
  • peptone proteose peptone proteose
  • yeast extract 1.0 g/l of yeast extract
  • casein acid hydrolysate 1.0 g/l of dextrose
  • 1.0 g/l of soluble starch 0.6 g/l of dipotassium phosphate (K 2 HPO 4 )
  • K 2 HPO 4 dipotassium phosphate
  • the MOSSEL medium (AES laboratory, reference AEB 521 740) which is a medium specific to the growth of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus spp in general.
  • the impact hardness of these media can be modified by modifying the concentration of agar or agar-agar.
  • the invention also relates to a variant of the method as defined above, furthermore comprising a step (e) of counting the particles trapped during step (d).
  • Step (e) preferably consists of a step e 1 of culturing the trapped living and revivable particles coming from step (d), followed by a step (e 2 ) of counting the colony-forming units.
  • the culture step may consist in keeping some of the nutrient material containing the trapped particles at a temperature allowing reproduction of the microorganisms for a specified time.
  • the method as defined above makes it possible to efficiently separate microorganisms having dimensions of between 0.05 ⁇ m and 25 ⁇ m, and more particularly between 0.2 ⁇ m and 12 ⁇ m.
  • microorganisms whose concentration in a gas under pressure was determined by the variant of the method as described above, there are mold fungi and yeasts Aspergillus candidus, Aspergilus nidulans, Aspergillus niger, Blastomyces,dermatitis, Mucor indicus, Penicillum glarum, Rhodotorula lubra, Cryptococcus albidus, hansenula polymorpha, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa or Candida kefyr ; Gram + bacteria such as Brevibacillus brevis, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus Cereus, Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus coagulans, Micrococcus luteus, Micrococcus varians, Staphylococcus xylosus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus,
  • the present invention relates to a method for determining the microbiological quality of a gas or a gas mixture under pressure by carrying out the variant of the separation method as described above.
  • the method and its variant make it possible for germs present in a gas under pressure to be collected on a Petri dish.
  • the gas being analyzed may come from bottles, surroundings or a network (primary or secondary), and more particularly a network for supplying medical gases such as are found in healthcare establishments such as hospitals, dispensaries or clinics.
  • the gas does not need to have its pressure reduced to atmospheric pressure in order to be analyzed by the method described above.
  • the device (D) comprises:
  • the element (D 1 ) of the device (D) is a hollow solid, comprising an entry orifice, an exit orifice and an inner lateral surface S L , defining a confined volume (V) having polygonal, elliptical or cylindrical orthogonal sections, in which steps (a) and (b) take place and at the exit orifice of which step (c) takes place.
  • the surface S L is more particularly either a surface of revolution about an axis (x), or a lateral surface of a regular polyhedron with a symmetrical axis (x), or a set of one or more surfaces of revolution and/or one or more surfaces of regular polyhedra, which have the same symmetry axis (x), defining the volume (V).
  • the two orifices are preferably coaxial with respect to the axis (x).
  • the element (D 1 ) may be made of any material, whether a plastic a metal or an alloy of metals. it is preferably made of a heat-sterilizable material.
  • the element (D 1 ) of the device (D) more particularly comprises an internal lateral surface SL defining a first volume fraction (V a ) of frustoconical or cylindrical shape, in which step (a) is carried out, and a second volume fraction (V b ), contiguous to (V a ) and of frustoconical shape, in which step (b) is carried out.
  • the element (D 1 ) of the device (D) especially has a shape defining a first fraction of cylindrical shape with a height h and a diameter w, in which step (a) is carried out, and a second fraction of frustoconical shape with a height H, having a small base with a diameter w and a large base with a diameter W, in which step (b) is carried out.
  • the entry orifice in this case has a circular cross section with a diameter w and the exit orifice has a circular cross section with a diameter W.
  • the ratio h/w is in general between 10/1 and 1/10. It is more particularly between 10/2 and 2/10.
  • the ratio W/w is in general between 50/1 and 5/1. It is more particularly between 25/1 and 10/1.
  • the ratio H/w is in general between 5/1 and 50/1. It is more particularly between 10/1 and 40/1.
  • H is in general between 10 mm and 200 mm, more particularly between 30 mm and 120 mm and especially between 40 mm and 100 mm
  • the value of w is in general between about 2 mm and 5 mm, and it is more particularly equal to about 4 mm.
  • the element (D 2 ) of the device (D) is preferably of cylindrical shape and has a diameter W 1 greater than or equal to W.
  • W 1 is less than or equal to 90 mm.
  • W is in general between 50 mm and 90 mm. It is preferably a Petri dish.
  • the element (D 2 ) contains in general a nutrient medium for the microorganisms, and more particularly gelose.
  • the means for joining D 1 and D 2 together while allowing the stream of the gas or the gas mixture to change direction according to step (c) of the method as defined above are, for example, studs. They make it possible to hold the element D 2 at a distance d from D 1 which is sufficient to allow the entire stream of the gas or the gas mixture to the exit of the element D 1 , on average radially with respect to the axis (x).
  • the ratio H/d is in general between 2/1 and 20/1. It is more particularly between 3/1 and 15/1.
  • the studs preferably make it possible to release the elements D 1 and D 2 , in order to carry out the culture of the living and revivable particles more easily.
  • the device (D) as defined above may furthermore comprise a connection element (D 0 ), for example a serrated plug, capable of being fitted to a medical gas outlet point, a tube with a small diameter capable of being fitted to the exit of a pressure reducer and, more generally, any connector capable of being fitted to any pressurized gas delivery device.
  • a connection element for example a serrated plug, capable of being fitted to a medical gas outlet point, a tube with a small diameter capable of being fitted to the exit of a pressure reducer and, more generally, any connector capable of being fitted to any pressurized gas delivery device.
  • the device (D) as defined above may furthermore comprise a pressure reducer placed between the connection element (D 0 ) and the element (D 1 ).
  • the device (D) as defined above may be connected to the supply of gas to be analyzed either by being connected to a wall outlet point perpendicularly to the pipe, or by being connected coaxially to the supply of the gas to be analyzed, preferably downstream of a 1 ⁇ 4 turn valve. Such options are illustrated by FIGS. 10 a and 10 b.
  • element D 1 is placed in a collection vessel as represented in FIG. 11 a .
  • element D 1 is the element ( 01 ).
  • the vessel ( 02 ) is provided with a drainage valve ( 03 ) in its lower part, which makes it possible to collect the liquid containing the impacted particles.
  • a lid ( 04 ) It is closed in its upper part by a lid ( 04 ), if necessary provided with a seal ( 05 ), for example by means of a clamping collar ( 06 ).
  • the lid ( 04 ) is pierced at its center so as to permit communication between the element ( 01 ) and a valve ( 09 ) by using a tube ( 08 ). It is also pierced at an off-center position so as to connect it to an outlet valve ( 11 ) via a tube ( 10 ).
  • the collection vessel as well as the lid are made of metal and can be sterilized in an autoclave.
  • the vessel has a capacity of about one liter, and it withstands a maximum pressure of about 5.5 atmospheres.
  • the position of the element ( 01 ) in the vessel ( 02 ) is adjustable in height so as to be able to modify the quantity of liquid or the impact height in relation to the upper surface of the liquid.
  • the vessel may rest on a tripod ( 12 ), as illustrated by FIG. 11.
  • the present invention relates to the use of the device (D) or the element (D 1 ) for determining the microbiological quality of a gas or a gas mixture under pressure, or for determining the microbiological quality of the atmosphere of rooms.
  • the method and the device to which the present invention relates can be employed for determining the microbiological quality of gases or gas mixtures contained in bottles, whether these are bottles of medical gases or industrial bottles such as those intended for the electronic-component fabrication industry, the food industry or the pharmaceutical industry.
  • the method and the device to which the present invention relates can also be employed for determining the microbiological quality of gases or gas mixtures delivered by supply networks, such as hospital supply networks, in particular for delivering gases into the operating theaters or units, the supply networks of deep-frozen food production lines, networks for supplying gases with very high purity for the fabrication of electronic components, or networks for supplying gases needed for the manufacture and/or packaging of pharmaceutical products and formulations
  • supply networks such as hospital supply networks, in particular for delivering gases into the operating theaters or units, the supply networks of deep-frozen food production lines, networks for supplying gases with very high purity for the fabrication of electronic components, or networks for supplying gases needed for the manufacture and/or packaging of pharmaceutical products and formulations
  • the method and the device to which the present invention relates can also be employed for determining the microbiological quality of gases or gas mixtures at the exit of a unit for producing the gas or the gas mixture, for example a compressor, a cryogenic distillation column, a column for separating gases by adsorption, whether a PSA (pressure swing adsorption) column, a VSA (volume swing adsorption) column or a TSA (temperature swing adsorption) column, or a unit for separating gases by permeation, through polymer membranes, for example a FLOXALTM unit.
  • a unit for producing the gas or the gas mixture for example a compressor, a cryogenic distillation column, a column for separating gases by adsorption, whether a PSA (pressure swing adsorption) column, a VSA (volume swing adsorption) column or a TSA (temperature swing adsorption) column, or a unit for separating gases by permeation, through polymer membranes, for example a
  • the method and the device to which the present invention relates can also be employed for determining the microbiological quality of the ambient air in rooms, and more particularly in clean rooms of sites for manufacturing medicaments or sites for fabricating electronic components, or alternatively sites for storing documents.
  • FIG. 1A illustrates a device according to the invention. It consists of a neck, a diffuser and a Petri dish. The device operates so that the velocity of the jet continues to increase, so long as its pressure has not reached ambient pressure.
  • the total supply pressure is 3.5 bar.
  • the total temperature is 300K.
  • FIG. 2 demonstrates the velocity fields in the device according to the invention.
  • the fluid will accelerate up to the speed of sound at the exit of the neck, then there are zones of pressure/pressure reduction to a minor extent, where the stream will be alternately accelerated and slowed.
  • This zone is defined here as a potential zone of length L p , turbulence not playing a part.
  • a number of simulations were carried out for diffuser lengths of 40 mm, 60 mm, 80 mm, 100 mm and 120 mm.
  • experimental measurements of impact efficiency were carried out for values of 60 mm, 80 mm, 100 mm, 120 mm and 160 mm.
  • index j corresponds to the state after isentropic expansion from the generating pressure to the atmospheric pressure.
  • V j max being the maximum velocity of the fully developed jet
  • K being between 0.1 and 2
  • p being the diameter of the particles
  • ⁇ p being the density of these particles.
  • ⁇ The viscosity of the fluid carrying said particles.
  • H is calculated such that ⁇ square root ⁇ square root over (St) ⁇ >0.2.
  • FIG. 3 represents the curve of efficiency of the device according to the invention, as a function of H, d being fixed at 13 mm.
  • FIG. 4 represents the curve of the maximum axial velocity of the monoflow in the device according to the invention has a function of H.
  • FIG. 5 represents the curve of the total pressure on the target in the device according to the invention as a function of H
  • test bench presented in the photograph of FIG. 7A fitted with the device according to the invention, is used.
  • This test bench is connected directly to a network outlet point or to the exit of a pressure reducer.
  • the device presented in FIG. 1A is connected to the end of the test bench.
  • Sampling is carried out for a specified time, which corresponds to a perfectly known quantity of gas being analyzed (generally 100L).
  • the parameters of microorganism cultures are selected as a function of the type of germs to be identified.
  • the Petri dishes on which the particles contained in the gas flow have impacted are put into culture. After incubation, the number of CFUs is counted and this number is subsequently normalized to the analyzed gas volume. This makes it possible to determine a number of CFUs/m 3 of gas.
  • a sampling type is determined which in general lies between 10 seconds and 3 minutes, so that the volume of gas to be analyzed is sufficient and in general less than 500L.
  • a known volume of a suspension of bacteria in a specified quantity is sprayed while a defined volume of gas is being injected into the test bench. At the exit of the bench, a known volume of gas is therefore available which contains a perfectly determined number of microorganisms suspended in this volume.
  • the bacteria are collected at the exit of the pipe by using the device according to the invention. Knowing the quantity of microorganisms injected and the quantity collected by the collector, the recovery rate of the device can be deduced therefrom. A plurality of cone lengths were tested:
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 represent devices according to the invention having non-frustoconical axisymmetric shapes.
  • the distance between the neck and the normal impact represents L p .
  • H is determined such that ⁇ square root ⁇ square root over (St) ⁇ >0.2.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
  • Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
  • Separating Particles In Gases By Inertia (AREA)
US10/432,828 2000-11-24 2001-11-21 Separation of living particles from a gas under pressure Abandoned US20040028620A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0015209A FR2817167B1 (fr) 2000-11-24 2000-11-24 Procede de separation de particules vivantes d'un gaz sous pression et sa variante, determination de sa qualite microbiologique, dispositif apte a la mise en oeuvre du procede et utilisation
FR00/15209 2000-11-24
PCT/FR2001/003662 WO2002041973A1 (fr) 2000-11-24 2001-11-21 Separation de particules vivantes d'un gaz sous pression

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US (1) US20040028620A1 (ja)
EP (1) EP1349636B1 (ja)
JP (2) JP2004514151A (ja)
AT (1) ATE392937T1 (ja)
AU (2) AU1839502A (ja)
BR (1) BR0115630A (ja)
CA (1) CA2429454A1 (ja)
DE (1) DE60133770T2 (ja)
ES (1) ES2305136T3 (ja)
FR (1) FR2817167B1 (ja)
WO (1) WO2002041973A1 (ja)

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FR2839897B1 (fr) * 2002-05-24 2004-07-09 Air Liquide Procede de separation par impaction,de particules viables et reviviscentes d'un gaz ou d'un melange de gaz en contenant, dispositif et banc d'essai mis en oeuvre
JP5008393B2 (ja) * 2006-12-28 2012-08-22 大塚製薬株式会社 微生物の迅速測定方法及び捕捉装置
SG10202011914PA (en) * 2014-11-28 2021-01-28 Canon Kk Cartridge and electrophotographic image forming apparatus
CN108762015B (zh) * 2018-08-17 2024-04-26 珠海天威飞马打印耗材有限公司 旋转力传递组件、辊和处理盒
WO2021201183A1 (ja) * 2020-03-31 2021-10-07 ダイキン工業株式会社 検知ユニット、収容容器、検知装置
JP2022060043A (ja) * 2020-10-02 2022-04-14 Ckd株式会社 微生物測定方法、及び微生物測定装置

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AU2002218395B8 (en) 2006-12-21
AU1839502A (en) 2002-06-03
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JP2008180725A (ja) 2008-08-07
EP1349636B1 (fr) 2008-04-23
AU2002218395B9 (en) 2007-01-04
ATE392937T1 (de) 2008-05-15
FR2817167A1 (fr) 2002-05-31
EP1349636A1 (fr) 2003-10-08
BR0115630A (pt) 2003-09-09

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