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US20030157868A1 - Honing tool - Google Patents

Honing tool Download PDF

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Publication number
US20030157868A1
US20030157868A1 US10/362,549 US36254903A US2003157868A1 US 20030157868 A1 US20030157868 A1 US 20030157868A1 US 36254903 A US36254903 A US 36254903A US 2003157868 A1 US2003157868 A1 US 2003157868A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
honing
honing tool
grain
hollow bodies
bonding agent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/362,549
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Axel Krupp
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hermes Schleifmittel GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Hermes Schleifmittel GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hermes Schleifmittel GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Hermes Schleifmittel GmbH and Co KG
Assigned to HERMES SCHLEIFMITTEL GMBH & CO. reassignment HERMES SCHLEIFMITTEL GMBH & CO. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KRUPP, AXEL
Publication of US20030157868A1 publication Critical patent/US20030157868A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F21/00—Tools specially adapted for use in machines for manufacturing gear teeth
    • B23F21/03—Honing tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
    • B24D3/04—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic
    • B24D3/14—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic ceramic, i.e. vitrified bondings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
    • B24D3/20—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially organic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D5/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor
    • B24D5/06—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor with inserted abrasive blocks, e.g. segmental
    • B24D5/063—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor with inserted abrasive blocks, e.g. segmental with segments embedded in a matrix which is rubbed away during the grinding process

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a honing tool. It relates in particular to a toothed honing tool for the finish machining of gears.
  • the engagement or contact roll honing of gears by means of correspondingly toothed honing rings is known (U.S. Pat. No. 2,105,896).
  • toothed honing tools are known (EP-A 692 342, DE-C 44 47 036) which contain abrasive grain conglomerates ceramically bonded in a synthetic resin matrix. They permit greater material removal than conventional honing tools, in which the abrasive grains are in each case embedded individually in a synthetic resin matrix, so that, if need be, a special grinding operation before the honing can be dispensed with.
  • the grains owing to the ceramic bond, are rigidly held in the conglomerates and can therefore be brought into effect on the workpiece with greater rigidity than is possible with grains held individually in the synthetic resin matrix.
  • the conglomerates are embedded in the softer synthetic resin matrix, they are scarcely able to yield under the cutting forces because the force transmission between them and the matrix takes place via their surface; which is very large compared with the surface of an individual grain.
  • the abrasive properties depend, inter alia, on the size of the conglomerates and thus on the quantity of the ceramically bonded abrasive grain and also on the quantity of the ceramic bonding agent, this quantity restricting the freedom in adjusting the abrasive properties.
  • the object of the invention is to improve the adjustability of the abrasive properties. It achieves this by the features of claim 1 and preferably by those of the subclaims.
  • a honing tool contains hollow bodies which are embedded in a matrix of softer bonding agent and have abrasive grain bonded by a harder bond.
  • These mechanical properties of the matrix bonding agent or of the hollow body bond are to a considerable extent formed by their moduli of elasticity.
  • the ratio of the modulus of elasticity of the material of the harder bond to that of the softer bonding agent is to be at least 2:1, preferably at least 4:1. This corresponds to the ratio of the moduli of elasticity of epoxy resins and ceramics currently used as bonding agents for grinding tools.
  • An organic bonding agent is therefore expediently used for the matrix, whereas ceramic substances are expediently used for the bond of the hollow bodies.
  • the abrasive-grain hollow bodies according to the invention each have greater rigidity on their own than the surrounding matrix material. They consequently behave like the previously known conglomerates, since, firstly, they are supported on the matrix over a large area via their surface and, secondly, owing to the firm bond, they give the abrasive grains contained in them the hold required for a high specific material removal capacity.
  • the size of the conglomerate area acting in the abrasive area on the tool in a chip-removing and abrading manner is in a fixed ratio to the overall size of said conglomerate, the size of these areas, owing to the invention, can be set as desired by determining the size of the cavity.
  • the abrasive force which is transmitted via an abrasive-grain hollow body in a tool according to the invention acts on a smaller number of abrasive grains than in a conglomerate of the same size of a known honing tool.
  • a larger specific abrasive force is therefore transmitted to the individual abrasive grain and a correspondingly higher abrasive capacity is produced by this grain. If it is desired to achieve the same specific abrasive force at the abrasive grain or the same grain-related abrasive capacity as in the prior art, this is possible with a lower abrasive force overall in the honing tool according to the invention.
  • the frictional forces between tool and workpiece are lower, since, firstly, the number of abrasive grains which are in engagement is smaller and, secondly, the proportional area of the bonding material located between them in the abrasive area is smaller.
  • the greater material removal desired can already be achieved when using smaller abrasive-grain hollow bodies. The risk of the tool being damaged by the cutting and normal forces which occur during the honing is thus further reduced. Furthermore, the machining quality can be increased as a result.
  • the hollow bodies are expediently spherical, since this shape promises optimum strength.
  • a geometrically largely predetermined arrangement of the abrasive grains and thus improved reproducibility of the tool and of the working result are obtained.
  • Abrasive operations are characterized by a high relative velocity between the workpiece and the tool, which lead to high thermal loading of the tool surface. It was thought that, in addition to other advantages, a higher thermal resistance of the grinding tools could be achieved through the use of hollow balls (DE-A-2951067). On the other hand, the relative velocity during honing is low and the influence of the pressure between tool and workpiece is substantially greater than during grinding.
  • the hollow bodies consist of a supporting shell which is arranged on the inside and on whose outer surface the abrasive grain is anchored by means of a bonding agent.
  • Suitable supporting shells are known (U.S. Pat. No. 4,111,713).
  • the bond of the abrasive grains belonging in each case to a hollow body is formed on the one hand by the supporting shell and on the other hand by the bonding agent acting between the supporting shell and the abrasive grains.
  • the required higher rigidity of the hollow bodies compared with the matrix material comes about by both the supporting shell and the bonding agent expediently being made of a material having a high modulus of elasticity.
  • the supporting shell with the desired rigidity (high modulus of elasticity) and to use a softer bonding agent, and vice versa.
  • the presence of a special supporting shell has the advantage that the stability of the hollow body does not have to be produced solely by the bonding agent. The latter can therefore be used more sparingly in the grain vicinity, so that the grains can come into engagement in a freer manner without enveloping bonding agent having to be abraded beforehand.
  • a material for the supporting shell which, although it imparts the requisite strength, can be abraded easily in order to produce the lowest possible frictional forces. Ceramic materials are also especially suitable for this.
  • the average outside diameter of the hollow bodies is expediently equal to one third to one twentieth, preferably one quarter to one tenth, of the tooth height. Furthermore, their average outside diameter is expediently between five and fifty times, preferably five and twenty-five times, the average grain size.
  • the thickness of the grain layer should not be greater than five times the average grain size.
  • Hollow balls are preferred in which the supporting shell is surrounded by no more than two layers, preferably by only one layer, of abrasive grain, which corresponds to a ratio of the average grain size to the layer thickness of 1:1 to 1:2.5.
  • the volumetric proportion of the abrasive-grain hollow bodies is expediently between 20 and 70% of the total volume.
  • the pore space present is expediently restricted essentially to their cavities.
  • the absolute grain hollow-body sizes lie as a rule between 800 and 3000 ⁇ m outside diameter.
  • the possible grain size range extends from P 40 to P 600. This corresponds to an average grain size of 412 ⁇ m to 26 ⁇ m.
  • the cavity diameter preferably lies between 600 and 1800 ⁇ m.
  • the ratio of the average grain size to the wall thickness expediently lies between 1:1 and 1:5, and is preferably between 1:1.5 to 1:2.5.
  • any material which is suitable for the application may be used for the abrasive grain, e.g. fused alumina, ceramic corundum, silicon carbide.
  • the use of high-performance abrasive agents such as cubic boron nitride is also suitable.
  • the synthetic resin matrix expediently contains additional abrasive grain, it being possible for this to be present in the form of individual grains or smaller conglomerates.
  • the abrasive grain bonded in the synthetic resin matrix in addition to the abrasive-grain hollow bodies may be of the same type as that used in the hollow bodies or also of a different type.
  • the grain size is preferably the same. However, it may also differ.
  • the proportion of the additional abrasive grain bonded in the synthetic resin matrix may be greater, but also smaller, than the proportion of the abrasive grain ceramically bonded in the hollow bodies.
  • this additional abrasive grain serves as a hard filler in the synthetic resin matrix and thus strengthens the support of the ceramically bonded walls of the hollow bodies. From a second point of view, this additional abrasive grain itself participates in the machining process. In this case, due to its comparatively more elastic bond, it improves the surface quality which can be achieved.
  • All suitable synthetic resins are suitable for the synthetic resin matrix, in particular those which have already proved successful in honing tool production, bonding agents on an epoxy resin basis being preferred.
  • the honing tools according to the invention have a markedly more efficient machining behavior than exclusively synthetic-resin-bonded honing rings without at the same time suffering from the sensibility to brittle fracture of purely ceramic honing tools.
  • the tools according to the invention have in particular the following advantages.
  • the cutting forces are lower.
  • the thermal loading of the workpiece is also correspondingly lower.
  • the cavities of the opened abrasive-grain hollow bodies act on the surface of the tool as large pores which receive chips and abrasive dust and are kept away from the direct contact zone between workpiece and tool.
  • the abrasive grains need not be enveloped completely by a ceramic bond and therefore do not need to first cut free before they come into use. This applies in particular if they are bonded merely by their anchoring on a supporting shell. As a result, the frictional forces between workpiece and tool and the thermal loads originating therefrom are reduced considerably.
  • the large cavities permit improved transport of auxiliary cutting substances, such as cooling lubricants for example.
  • auxiliary cutting substances such as cooling lubricants for example.
  • the essentially spherical form of the hollow bodies considerably facilitates the mixing of the components compared with ceramic fragments or conglomerates of an undefined form.
  • recourse may be had to a semifinished product which is already available in a large quantity which can be produced economically, namely the abovementioned HERMESIT® abrasive-grain hollow balls.
  • the drawing illustrates the structural build-up of a honing tool.
  • Abrasive-grain hollow balls 2 which each contain an essentially spherical cavity 3 are embedded in a synthetic resin matrix 1 .
  • the abrasive grains 4 are connected to one another and if need be to a ceramic supporting shell 5 by means of a ceramic bonding agent.
  • individual grains 6 are contained in the matrix 1 in a uniformly distributed manner.
  • the matrix is essentially free of pores.
  • the honing tool according to the invention is preferably used in the form of a honing ring for honing the tooth flanks of a gear.
  • the tooth profiles of the gear and of the honing ring roll on one another.
  • an oscillating relative movement takes place in the axial direction as a rule.
  • the rotation axes of the gear and of the tool may deviate from the parallel position.
  • the gear and/or the honing ring may be toothed on the outside or inside.
  • the relative velocity in the respective contact region is expediently below 5 m/sec and above 1 m/sec.
  • a total raw material mixture of 4125 g is provided.
  • the latter is composed as follows:
  • a four-part mold (plate, rim, core, ring) is cleaned, spread with release agent and fixed on a rotary table. The homogeneous mass is poured in uniformly and spread smooth. After the mold is closed, it is preheated in a preheating furnace for 35 minutes at a furnace temperature of 250° C. The mold is then fitted into a hot press and is pressed at a nominal temperature of 180° C. with a pressure of 8 Mpa for 35 minutes.
  • the prehardened honing ring is removed from the mold and is finish-hardened at 165° for 6 hours.
  • the hardened ring is turned to size and toothed.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
US10/362,549 2000-08-23 2001-08-22 Honing tool Abandoned US20030157868A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP00710016.7 2000-08-23
EP00710016A EP1182009A1 (de) 2000-08-23 2000-08-23 Honwerkzeug

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20030157868A1 true US20030157868A1 (en) 2003-08-21

Family

ID=8174502

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/362,549 Abandoned US20030157868A1 (en) 2000-08-23 2001-08-22 Honing tool

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20030157868A1 (de)
EP (2) EP1182009A1 (de)
AT (1) ATE264166T1 (de)
BR (1) BR0113393A (de)
DE (1) DE50102000D1 (de)
WO (1) WO2002016082A1 (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10081747B2 (en) 2014-06-18 2018-09-25 Klingspor Ag Multilayer abrasive particle
US10308851B2 (en) * 2013-12-19 2019-06-04 Klingspor Ag Abrasive particle and abrasive exhibiting high grinding performance
JP2021126753A (ja) * 2020-02-17 2021-09-02 株式会社東京ダイヤモンド工具製作所 中空体、有気孔砥石、及びその製造方法
JP2023008118A (ja) * 2021-07-05 2023-01-19 大和化成工業株式会社 砥石
WO2025206380A1 (ja) * 2024-03-28 2025-10-02 ノリタケ株式会社 大径気孔を有する超砥粒ビトリファイド砥石、その製造方法、及びカップ型砥石ホイール

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE20203238U1 (de) * 2002-03-01 2003-07-10 DIEWE-Diamantwerkzeuge GmbH, 86510 Ried Schleifwerkzeug, insbesondere Trennschleifwerkzeug
AT414104B (de) * 2003-02-05 2006-09-15 Rappold Internat Sales Ag Verbundhonring

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2105896A (en) * 1935-01-04 1938-01-18 Fellows Gear Shaper Co Method and means for honing gears, and for truing the honing means
US3928949A (en) * 1973-09-26 1975-12-30 Norddeutsche Schleifmittel Ind Hollow body grinding materials

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2350139C3 (de) * 1973-10-05 1984-05-10 Norddeutsche Schleifmittel-Industrie Christiansen & Co (GmbH & Co), 2000 Hamburg Hohlkörperförmiger Schleifkörper
US4111713A (en) * 1975-01-29 1978-09-05 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Hollow spheres
DE2951067A1 (de) * 1979-12-19 1981-08-20 Norddeutsche Schleifmittel-Industrie Christiansen & Co, GmbH & Co, 2000 Hamburg Schleifwerkzeug, in welchem keramikgebundene schleifkornkonglomerate durch ein organisches bindemittel miteinander bzw. mit einer unterlage verbunden sind
DE9411326U1 (de) * 1994-07-13 1994-09-15 TYROLIT REINEKE Advanced Systems GmbH & Co. KG, 58791 Werdohl Verzahntes Honschleifwerkzeug
DE4447036C2 (de) * 1994-12-28 2002-08-29 Haug Verzahnungen Gmbh Werkzeug zur Oberflächenbearbeitung von Werkstücken

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2105896A (en) * 1935-01-04 1938-01-18 Fellows Gear Shaper Co Method and means for honing gears, and for truing the honing means
US3928949A (en) * 1973-09-26 1975-12-30 Norddeutsche Schleifmittel Ind Hollow body grinding materials

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10308851B2 (en) * 2013-12-19 2019-06-04 Klingspor Ag Abrasive particle and abrasive exhibiting high grinding performance
US10081747B2 (en) 2014-06-18 2018-09-25 Klingspor Ag Multilayer abrasive particle
JP2021126753A (ja) * 2020-02-17 2021-09-02 株式会社東京ダイヤモンド工具製作所 中空体、有気孔砥石、及びその製造方法
JP7430382B2 (ja) 2020-02-17 2024-02-13 株式会社東京ダイヤモンド工具製作所 有気孔砥石、及びその製造方法
JP2023008118A (ja) * 2021-07-05 2023-01-19 大和化成工業株式会社 砥石
JP7736290B2 (ja) 2021-07-05 2025-09-09 ダイワラビン株式会社 有気孔複合砥粒砥石
WO2025206380A1 (ja) * 2024-03-28 2025-10-02 ノリタケ株式会社 大径気孔を有する超砥粒ビトリファイド砥石、その製造方法、及びカップ型砥石ホイール

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE50102000D1 (de) 2004-05-19
EP1311370A1 (de) 2003-05-21
BR0113393A (pt) 2003-07-08
EP1311370B1 (de) 2004-04-14
ATE264166T1 (de) 2004-04-15
WO2002016082A1 (de) 2002-02-28
EP1182009A1 (de) 2002-02-27

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: HERMES SCHLEIFMITTEL GMBH & CO., GERMANY

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:KRUPP, AXEL;REEL/FRAME:014017/0355

Effective date: 20030116

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION