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US20030041509A1 - Synthetic fuel comprising coal dust, water and a reactive organic compound, and a process for making such synthetic fuel - Google Patents

Synthetic fuel comprising coal dust, water and a reactive organic compound, and a process for making such synthetic fuel Download PDF

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Publication number
US20030041509A1
US20030041509A1 US09/935,107 US93510701A US2003041509A1 US 20030041509 A1 US20030041509 A1 US 20030041509A1 US 93510701 A US93510701 A US 93510701A US 2003041509 A1 US2003041509 A1 US 2003041509A1
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Prior art keywords
coal
coal dust
synthetic fuel
fuel composition
fuel
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US09/935,107
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English (en)
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Preston Cutright
James Gambino
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Elementis Specialties Inc
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Elementis Specialties Inc
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Priority to US09/935,107 priority Critical patent/US20030041509A1/en
Assigned to ELEMENTIS SPECIALTIES, INC. reassignment ELEMENTIS SPECIALTIES, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: GAMBINO, JAMES, CUTRIGHT, PRESTON
Priority to DE10230814A priority patent/DE10230814A1/de
Priority to GB0216877A priority patent/GB2381003B/en
Publication of US20030041509A1 publication Critical patent/US20030041509A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10L1/196—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof
    • C10L1/1963—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof mono-carboxylic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/146—Macromolecular compounds according to different macromolecular groups, mixtures thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/198—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid
    • C10L1/1985—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid polyethers, e.g. di- polygylcols and derivatives; ethers - esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/236—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derivatives thereof
    • C10L1/2364—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derivatives thereof homo- or copolymers derived from unsaturated compounds containing amide and/or imide groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
    • C10L1/326—Coal-water suspensions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
    • C10L9/10—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by using additives

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed to a synthetic fuel, also referred to as synthetic coal. These fuels are useful in providing higher BTU content to fuel users, most often electric public utilities. The fuels involved also meets all requirements of Title 29 of the Internal Revenue Code.
  • Coal has been, since the early 19 th Century, a commercially important fuel. Appropriately processed, coal is an excellent high BTU provider and is relatively inexpensive due to the fact that it is readily available in the United States. Coal is relatively abundant in the environment but its chemical composition may vary from deposit to deposit and state to state.
  • Lagoons are essentially dead unused space hostile to fish and recreation and ugly reminders of America's past.
  • Coal dust itself is also very human-unfriendly. It is the proximate course of black lung disease, dirty living and working conditions and is poisonous to man, animals and fish.
  • synthetic fuel or synthetic coal
  • a fuel made from coal dust or fines we mean a fuel made from coal dust or fines.
  • organic binder compositions for coal dust which when mixed in the coal dust in a small quantity, and compacted, forms a useful fuel, has been a long time goal of inventors but not ever successfully achieved.
  • organic binder compositions have been found to have numerous drawbacks: e.g. they do not provide the binding force of useful inorganic binders, they do not impart drying to the coal dust which is often quite moist and very often fail to provide the necessary binding or green strength.
  • Many inorganic binders, such as tar have very low melting temperatures and on hot days decompose the synthetic fuel and can make it useless.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 1,121,325 shows the briquetting of coal dust by mixing dry coal and starch, heating with oil and steam, compacting and then drying the mixture product.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 1,851,689 issued in 1932 shows asphalt and carbohydrate pastes such as corn starch as a emulsion binder for coal briquettes which are described or made from finely pulverized coaking soft coal.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,916,826 discloses the briquetting of coal fines using binders produced by liquidifaction of biomass with fast pyrolysis tars and petroleum asphalt added to the mixture.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,013,116 describe a briquetting binder composition for binding metal oxides or coal fines comprising 95% asphalt and a sodium carbonate pumping liquor.
  • the present invention is directed to a synthetic fuel made of coal dust, water and a defined organic chemicals reactive with the coal dust to form a bond with the coal dust upon compacting to provide a product very similar but chemically different than coal.
  • the inventive product surprisingly in some case provides higher BTU value than coal alone (up to 5 to 1000 BTU per ton more than counterpart coal), does not produce the waste ash at the users' facility of inorganic chemicals (and many organic chemicals such as tar) and when the organic chemical selected is a “water absorbing” reactive polymer not only solve a moisture problem of coal dust but by gives even more increased green strength.
  • the objective of the present invention is to provide a highly useful synthetic fuel that contains at least 90% coal dust.
  • This invention also surprising provides synthetic fuel having higher BTU content than natural coal and uses as its main ingredient, coal dust, what up to now has been a waste product of ever increasing environmental harm and concern.
  • Such a fuel is advantageous because among other reasons (1) more coal can be shipped per unit volume; (2) the fuel is particularly effective for electric utilities; (3) utilities can use fuel as a direct replacement for coal at the same stage in their operations; (4) a tax advantage under IRS law can be obtained by use of the fuel, and (5) end users experience greater freedom (e.g., less moisture is associated with the synthetic coal than natural coal).
  • the invention has been found particularly useful in providing fuel for electrical utilities.
  • the fuel often surprisingly has a higher BTU content then coal from the same mine and hence gives the utility more value for the same price.
  • Such a synthetic fuel may easily be incorporated, as a fuel supply, without the need for special handling equipment at the utility.
  • the present invention in one preferred embodiment is directed to a synthetic fuel using defined ingredients.
  • composition comprising:
  • element (a) is either a waste product of present manufacture of coal at or near a mine site or obtained from a waste storage facility such as a coal lagoon.
  • Naturally occurring coal dust can contain impurities—in calculation of the percentages above only the coal portion of the two types of coal dust, either of which can be used in this invention, is utilized.
  • the composition preferably comprises from about at least 90% coal dust although the invention is effective for lower levels of dust. These are intended to be covered by the use of the word about. Blends of coal dust can be used. Preferably, the product contains about 95 wt. % coal dust or more.
  • the preferred type of coal dust for the invention is where most of the dust is fairly fine particles, i.e. about 90% of the particles in the dust are 50 microns or less. It however is to be understood that dust of a less fine consistency containing substantially higher amounts of larger particle sizes will also produce useful synthetic fuel according to this invention.
  • Element (b) reactive organic chemicals useful for this invention are any organic compound reactive with coal dust and include functionalized starches, monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides, copolymers of sodium acrylates and acrylamide and mixtures thereof as described hereafter.
  • reactive is meant that the organic chemical is capable of forming either a chemical bond, a bond by hydrogen bonding, a bond of Van der Waal forces or other types of bonding with the coal dust. Since coal is mostly carbon, surprising a very unreative element in many cases, it is speculated that the organic chemical may in fact be reacting mostly with the small amount of impurities found in coal dust to form the unexpected strong binding forces obtained by this invention although carbon bonding cannot completely be eliminated as a scientific possibility.
  • Preferred additives for this invention includes functionalized starches along with their salts and its esters.
  • Starch is a carbohydrate polymer having organic repeating units. Starches vary largely in the number of the repeating units in the polymer, which to a major extent depends on the source of the starch. Starch is normally composed of about 25% amylose and 75% amylopectin. Amylose is considered by scientists as a mixture of linear and slightly branched molecules whereas amylopectin is considered a densely branched, high molecular weight molecule. In some cereal starches, the amylose content can be as low as 0-1% as in waxy barley, waxy sorghum, and waxy corn and can be as high as 50-70% in some corn hybrids. Starch is often described as a repeating polymer of glucose units linked together by glycosidic bonds.
  • Starch is a polysaccharide obtained from plants, of which wheat, corn, potato, tapioca and rice are common commercial sources. Without the functionalizing modifications discussed herein, starch is a white, semi-crystalline, tasteless powder often in granule form. When starch is mixed with hot water in sufficient amount, such as at a temperature of 65° C. or higher, irreversible gelatinization can occur. A large number of pure starch grades are available including those commonly referred to as commercial, powdered, pearl, laundry, technical and edible.
  • starch for this invention must be functionalized to have moieties reactive with coal. Based on the disclosure provided herein, one skilled in the art will easily be able to formulate and select functional starches which are suitable for the present invention.
  • Examples of suitable modifications for functionalize the starches for use in this invention include cross-linking, substituting functional groups on the polymer chain, oxidizing, and acid-thinning.
  • the starch is modified by well known oxidizing techniques.
  • the Code of Federal Regulations which is incorporated herein by reference, describes in detail modified starches intended for industrial applications.
  • 21 CFR 172.892 describes modification of starch for food use while 21 CFR 178.3520 covers the modification of starch for industrial applications.
  • Functionalized starch-based polymers useful for this invention preferably include reaction polyols derived from a reaction, using catalysts, of a starch with dibasic acids and hydrogen-donating compounds dissolved in a water slurry; the slurry is then subjected to high temperatures and pressures, yielding a low-viscosity polymer in an aqueous solution. Molecular rearrangement takes place, and the functionalized starch polymer formed are very different from natural starch in structure. The polymer can be further reacted with acids, bases, and cross-linking agents.
  • the polysaccharide itself may also be chemically modified.
  • Preferred type of these products include the commercial (polysaccharide resins) products of Lorama Chemicals Inc.
  • a especially preferred functionalized starch additive is selected from Lorama's polysaccharide resins (CAS#65996-63-6) of the group consisting of JK270, JA250-3, ECO plus ANECO.
  • There resins are a water solution of a polysaccharide having a dextrose equivalent between 0.1 and 100 where the polysaccharide has been chemically modified.
  • More preferred additives for this invention are copolymers of sodium acrylates acrylamides. These are prepared by well known reaction processes, defined in the literature, and are commercially available products. Such compositions usually contain small amounts of impurities such as acrylamide, acrylic acid and 1-propenamide. Such copolymers also may be in a water solution.
  • Ciba Specialty Water Treatment Chemicals offers for sale a line of homopolymers, copolymers, and terpolymers based on acrylate, acrylamide and sodium acrylate very useful for this invention.
  • the most preferred copolymer in this line is Ciba's Magnafloc 155 (CAS# 25085-02-3).
  • a particularly preferred organic composition is a mixture in a wide range of proportions of a functionalized starch and a copolymer of sodium acrylate and acrylamide.
  • a functionalized starch and a copolymer of sodium acrylate and acrylamide.
  • Element (c) is water.
  • the synthetic coal in many cases can include other materials but the preferred embodiment is where the above three ingredients form from more than 90% of the synthetic fuel up to 100% of the synthetic fuel.
  • the compounds of this invention are speculated to work by having the organic additive chemisorbed on the coal dust particles upon exposing the organic componds to coal dust and water. It is further believed that the additives form a negatively charged layer on the coal dust by each dust particle. It is also speculated that the additives, when burned with the coat dust, not only provide energy from their own nature as an organic product but also cause the coal dust itself to burn more completely and leave less residue. It is also speculated that the additive itself may react with the water in the mixture to form a combustible substance which adds to the BTUs produced when it burns. This synergesis is believed responsible for the increase in BTU content of the inventive product shown in the experimental results described below.
  • the invention is directed to a process of making a synthetic fuel comprising a method of making synthetic fuel composition, comprising:
  • coal dust with impurities i.e. coal dust with impurities
  • beneficiated natural coal dust with the organic additive of this invention in water.
  • coal dust and the additive can be premixed and added to the coal dust and dispersed.
  • the resultant mixture is then compacted using a wide variety of known compaction, extrusion or other devices.
  • MCN Energy Group has recently opened 6 “coal fine” plants using manufacturing equipment that can produce synthetic coal according to the present invention.
  • the compacting briquetting apparatus at these MCN plants prepares coal dust briquettes using compacting forces up to 10 tons per square inch.
  • Each of the MCN plants has a rated annual capacity of one million tons of synthetic coal briquettes but actual production rates could be much higher, and cannot be accurately estimate until some months of operating experience is gained.
  • the plants are at Monongalia County (2 plants), West Virginia, McDowell County, West Virginia, Knox County, Kentucky, and Harrison County, Ohio.
  • a sample was prepared.
  • the sample mixed 1 lb. of Ciba Magnafloc 155 with 2000 pounds of ground pond creek clean coal, ground to a particle size where about 90% of the particles were less than 50 microns.
  • the Magnafloc 155 was mixed with water until fully hydrated—removal time is 3 to 10 minutes. After removing it was added to the coal dust and fully mixed. The mixture was then compacted using a 2 ton press.
  • the objective of performing analytical tests summarized herein was to determine if the process used to manufacture the synthetic fuel had significantly altered the chemical structure of performing certain types of analyses.
  • the tests performed on the samples were selected due to their ability to determine differences in chemical structure and relatively common use of the tests.
  • inventive product sample was compared with an analysis of a simple mixture of parent coal and binder (obtained from a mass weighted average of the results for the parent coal and binder) and was performed to determine similarities and differences. Significant changes would indicate that a chemical interaction among the components had occurred as a result of the manufacturing process.
  • FTIR Fourier-transformed, infrared
  • the FTIR spectral region from 4000 to about 1800 cm ⁇ 1 identities strong triple bonds and also hydrogen stretching.
  • the range of about 1800 to 1400 cm ⁇ 1 corresponds to aromatic structures and double bonded structures.
  • Wave numbers from 1000-400 cm ⁇ 1 identify single bond structures including various types of aromatic substitution bonding.
  • the product sample shows significant variation in FTIR measured peak areas relative to the parent materials in the hydroxyl groups, aromatic CH, aromatic rings, cyclic CH 2 , C—O bonds, alkenes, aldehydes, polycyclic aromatic skeletal structure, aromatic substitution, ketones, and carbonyl groups.
  • TGA Thermo-Gravimetric analysis
  • Aromatic ring Absent in coal Present in lignite 1460 Aliphatic CH 2 and CH 3 Present 1370 CH 3 , cyclic CH 2 Present 1250 Three bands representing Present in coal, absent in 1170 the polycyclic aromatic lignite and brown coal 1030 skeleton 540 Thiophenes, carboxyl Present groups and heterocyclics 470 Branched and cyclo- Present alkanes and ali- phatic ethers
  • TGA tests presented herein were performed under inert conditions, using nitrogen as a carrier gas and with a heating rate of 15° C./min from room temperature to 700° C. and pyrolysis rate curves for the inventive product and parent coal, respectively obtained.
  • Pyrolysis weight loss rate curves for the parent coal/binder simple mixture and the fuel product were compared.
  • the maximum rate of pyrolysis is significantly lower for the fuel product than determined for a simple mixture of parent ingredients suggesting increased chemical crosslinking in the fuel product.
  • Quantitative differences in peak and high-temperature (668° C.) pyrolysis rates for the coal/binder mixture and fuel product are given in Table 3.
  • the accuracy of weight loss determination for the thermo-gravimetric analyzer used for these tests is 1%. Sample-to-sample variation can be 2-3% for non-homogeneous materials such as coal.
  • TGA tests were performed on both sample under inert conditions, using nitrogen as a carrier gas and a heating rate of 15° C./min from room temperature to ca 700° C. (ref. 7). Significant differences in the pyrolysis characteristics of the two sample fuel products relative to the parent materials, indicated modified cross-linking in the carbonaceous structure.
  • Example 1 sample made with the additive of Example 1 suggest that significant chemical changes occurred during the manufacturing of the fuel product.
  • FTIR analysis of the Example 1 fuel product sample and the corresponding parent materials indicates significant variations at spectral locations associated with cyclic CH 2 , carbon-oxygen bonding, alkenes, aldehydes, carbonyl, ketones, carboxyl groups, thiophenes, heterocyclics, branched- and cyclo-alkanes, aliphatic ethers, aromatic subsitution bonding, and in the polycyclic aromatic skeletal structure.
  • the proximate analysis test results for this fuel product show significant differences in the amount of volatiles and fixed carbon relative to the parent materials.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
US09/935,107 2001-08-23 2001-08-23 Synthetic fuel comprising coal dust, water and a reactive organic compound, and a process for making such synthetic fuel Abandoned US20030041509A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/935,107 US20030041509A1 (en) 2001-08-23 2001-08-23 Synthetic fuel comprising coal dust, water and a reactive organic compound, and a process for making such synthetic fuel
DE10230814A DE10230814A1 (de) 2001-08-23 2002-07-08 Synthetischer Brennstoff, welcher Kohlenstaub, Wasser und eine reaktionsfähige organische Verbindung umfasst und ein Verfahren zum Herstellen solchen synthetischen Brennstoffs
GB0216877A GB2381003B (en) 2001-08-23 2002-07-19 Synthetic fuel comprising coal dust, water and a reactive organic compound, and a process for making such synthetic fuel

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US09/935,107 US20030041509A1 (en) 2001-08-23 2001-08-23 Synthetic fuel comprising coal dust, water and a reactive organic compound, and a process for making such synthetic fuel

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070251143A1 (en) * 2006-04-26 2007-11-01 Slane Energy, Llc Synthetic fuel pellet and methods
EP1668097A4 (de) * 2003-08-29 2008-08-20 Richard C Holmes System und verfahren zur überwachung der herstellung von synthetischem brennstoff
US20090283011A1 (en) * 2007-02-12 2009-11-19 Arnaldo Romanus Additivated coal dust with water soluble carbohydrates for use in the green sand composition for casting molding
US20100089160A1 (en) * 2007-02-06 2010-04-15 Pietro Lucio Cosentino Method for detecting a sonic imprint of a three-dimensional object & related apparatus
CN119574494A (zh) * 2024-11-21 2025-03-07 华中科技大学 一种基于多项式关联低阶煤红外光谱参数与发热量的方法

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10347355A1 (de) * 2003-10-11 2005-05-19 Wienerberger Ziegelindustrie Gmbh Fester Brennstoff, insbesondere für die keramische Industrie und die Zementindustrie sowie für Müllverbrennungsanlagen und Kohlekraftwerke

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US1121325A (en) * 1913-01-13 1914-12-15 Joseph B Cann Process of manufacture of fuel-briquets.
US1851689A (en) * 1929-08-21 1932-03-29 American Briquet Company Method of blending materials in the making of briquets
US4659374A (en) * 1985-06-14 1987-04-21 Dow Corning Corporation Mixed binder systems for agglomerates
US5009671A (en) * 1988-06-29 1991-04-23 Franke Friedrich H Process for producing a solid, finely divided fuel based on coal

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GB2081302A (en) * 1980-08-01 1982-02-17 Sizer Richard Ltd Fuel pellets and methods of making same
US5221290A (en) * 1991-02-04 1993-06-22 American Colloid Company Charcoal briquettes bound with an organic binder and a water-swellable clay and method
US5916826A (en) * 1997-12-05 1999-06-29 Waste Technology Transfer, Inc. Pelletizing and briquetting of coal fines using binders produced by liquefaction of biomass

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US44000A (en) * 1864-08-30 Improvement in grinding-mills
US1121325A (en) * 1913-01-13 1914-12-15 Joseph B Cann Process of manufacture of fuel-briquets.
US1851689A (en) * 1929-08-21 1932-03-29 American Briquet Company Method of blending materials in the making of briquets
US4659374A (en) * 1985-06-14 1987-04-21 Dow Corning Corporation Mixed binder systems for agglomerates
US5009671A (en) * 1988-06-29 1991-04-23 Franke Friedrich H Process for producing a solid, finely divided fuel based on coal

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1668097A4 (de) * 2003-08-29 2008-08-20 Richard C Holmes System und verfahren zur überwachung der herstellung von synthetischem brennstoff
US20070251143A1 (en) * 2006-04-26 2007-11-01 Slane Energy, Llc Synthetic fuel pellet and methods
US20100089160A1 (en) * 2007-02-06 2010-04-15 Pietro Lucio Cosentino Method for detecting a sonic imprint of a three-dimensional object & related apparatus
US8166820B2 (en) * 2007-02-06 2012-05-01 Universita' Degli Studi Di Palermo Method for detecting a sonic imprint of a three-dimensional object and related apparatus
US20090283011A1 (en) * 2007-02-12 2009-11-19 Arnaldo Romanus Additivated coal dust with water soluble carbohydrates for use in the green sand composition for casting molding
US7785412B2 (en) * 2007-02-12 2010-08-31 Coque Do Sul Do Brasil Ltda Additivated coal dust with water soluble carbohydrates for use in the green sand composition for casting molding
CN119574494A (zh) * 2024-11-21 2025-03-07 华中科技大学 一种基于多项式关联低阶煤红外光谱参数与发热量的方法

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