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US20020103196A1 - Method for treating pharmaceutical compositions - Google Patents

Method for treating pharmaceutical compositions Download PDF

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Publication number
US20020103196A1
US20020103196A1 US10/033,285 US3328501A US2002103196A1 US 20020103196 A1 US20020103196 A1 US 20020103196A1 US 3328501 A US3328501 A US 3328501A US 2002103196 A1 US2002103196 A1 US 2002103196A1
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composition
dimethylethyl
antioxidant
group
hydroxyphenyl
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US6455547B1 (en
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Gyorgy Kis
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
    • A61K31/4523—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems
    • A61K31/4535—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a heterocyclic ring having sulfur as a ring hetero atom, e.g. pizotifen
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/045—Hydroxy compounds, e.g. alcohols; Salts thereof, e.g. alcoholates
    • A61K31/07—Retinol compounds, e.g. vitamin A
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
    • A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
    • A61K31/20—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having a carboxyl group bound to a chain of seven or more carbon atoms, e.g. stearic, palmitic, arachidic acids
    • A61K31/203—Retinoic acids ; Salts thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/21—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
    • A61K31/215—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0048—Eye, e.g. artificial tears
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
    • A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
    • A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
    • A61P27/14—Decongestants or antiallergics

Definitions

  • the present invention describes in particular a method for stabilizing a pharmaceutical composition by contacting said composition with a polymeric material comprising an antioxidant.
  • an object of the present invention is a method of stabilizing a pharmaceutical composition in particular in accordance to the main claim, e.g. by use of a plastic bottle comprising an antioxidant.
  • stabilization relates to the stability of the pharmaceutical composition in total and in particular to the stability of the active ingredient itself when exposed to storage, oxygen and/or air (oxygen radicals), light (UV) and/or heat (e.g. sterilization step at 121° C.). Heat sterilization will equally refer to autoclavation.
  • polymeric material relates to a polymer which is preferably insoluble in the liquid pharmaceutical composition of the present invention and which polymeric material may further be in the form of a random mold.
  • molds are in particular a pellet, a bead, a rod, a bar, a sheet, a tube, or a vessel and more preferably a bottle.
  • a preferred polymeric material comprises or consists of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and/or mixtures thereof.
  • plastic bottle relates in particular to a polyethylene (PE) and/or a polypropylene (PP) bottle.
  • PE polyethylene
  • PP polypropylene
  • these may optionally contain further auxiliaries such as a light absorbing material e.g. titanium dioxide, a color pigment, a UV-absorber and/or the like.
  • An antioxidant within the terms of the present invention is understood to be a compound selected from the group consisting of 2,2′,2′′,6,6′,6′′-Hexa-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4,4′,4′′-[(2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3,5-benzenetriyl)-trismethylene]-triphenol (Irganox 1330), 1,3,5,tris[3,5-di(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzyl]-1H , 3H ,5H-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trione, pentaerythrityl tetrakis[3-[3,5-di(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-propionate], octadecyl-3-[3,5-di(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-propionate, tris[2,4-di
  • the amount of antioxidant comprised in the polymeric material is typically in the range of the recommendations of the European Pharmacopoeia and is typically from 0.05-1.0 wt. %, more preferably from 0.1-0.7 wt. % and even more preferably from 0.12-0.55 wt. %.
  • antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, acetylcysteine, cysteine, sodium hydrogen sulfite, butyl-hydroxyanisole, and alpha-tocopherol acetate may be present too.
  • An advantage of an antioxidant comprised in a polymeric material in accordance to the present invention is that there is typically only a minimal release or substantially no release of said antioxidant into a pharmaceutical and in particular into an aqueous ophthalmic composition which composition is in contact with said polymeric material. This may typically result in a substantial exclusion of said antioxidant from said pharmaceutical composition.
  • An antioxidant is typically used during the manufacturing process of a polymeric material in order to avoid decomposition and/or oxidation. Consequently, such a polymer is in particular within the terms of the present invention, namely a polymeric material comprising an antioxidant.
  • a pharmaceutical active ingredient is e.g. selected from the group consisting of acetylcholine chloride, acyclovir, adrenaline, amethocaine, aminocaproic acid, antazoline phosphate, arachidonic acid, atropine, betaxolol, bupivacaine, carbachol, carteolol, chloramphenicol, chlortetracycline, chymatrypsin, clonidine, cocaine, corynanthine, cromolyn, cyclopentolate, demecarium, dexamethasone, dibutoline, dichlorphenamide, diclofenac, dipivefrin, echodtiophate, ephedrine, erythromycin, ethambutol, etidocaine, eucatropine, fluoromethalone, fluorometholone, gentamycin, gramicidine, H-thymidine, homatropine, hyal
  • Preferred pharmaceutically active compounds are selected from the group of betaxolol, chloramphenicol, diclofenac, dipivefrin, ephedrine, erythromycin, gentamycin, indomethacin, ketotifen, levobunolol, levocabastine, ofloxacin, pilocarpine, polymyxin B, prednisolone, retinoic acid, retinol, retinol acetate, retinol palmitate, tetracycline and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
  • More preferred pharmaceutically active compounds are selected from the group of, betaxolol, chloramphenicol, diclofenac, ketotifen, levobunolol, levocabastine, pilocarpine, retinoic acid, retinol, retinol acetate, retinol palmitate and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
  • ketotifen retinoic acid, retinol, retinol acetate, retinol palmitate and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
  • ketotifen and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
  • a pharmaceutical composition is characterized by the carrier wherein said pharmaceutical active compound is mixed, suspended, dissolved and/or partially dissolved and is selected from the group consisting of water, mixtures of water and water-miscible solvents, such as C 1 - to C 7 -alkanols, vegetable oils or mineral oils comprising from 0.5 to 5% by weight hydroxyethylcellulose, ethyl oleate, carboxymethyl-cellulose, polyvinyl-pyrrolidone and other non-toxic water-soluble polymers, in particular for ophthalmic uses, such as, for example, cellulose derivatives, such as methylcellulose, alkali metal salts of carboxy-methylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, methylhydroxypropyl-cellulose and hydroxypropylcellulose, acrylates or methacrylates, such as salts of polyacrylic acid or ethyl acrylate, polyacrylamides, natural products, such as gelatin, alginates, pect
  • Preferred carriers are water, cellulose derivatives, such as methylcellulose, alkali metal salts of carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, methylhydroxy-propylcellulose and hydroxypropylcellulose, neutral Carbopol, or mixtures thereof.
  • a highly preferred carrier is water.
  • the concentration of the carrier is, typically, from 1 to 100000 times the concentration of the active ingredient.
  • aqueous typically denotes an aqueous composition wherein the carrier is to an extent of >50%, more preferably >75% and in particular >90% by weight water.
  • composition relates in particular to a solution, a suspension, a gel, an ointment, an emulsion and/or a mixture thereof.
  • compositions which are suitable for ocular administration. Therefore such a pharmaceutical composition preferably comprises further ingredients in order to meet the prerequisites for ocular tolerability.
  • the present invention relates therefore to the stabilization of an ophthalmic composition and in particular to an aqueous ophthalmic composition.
  • These further ingredients may include tonicity enhancers, preservatives and pH adjusting agents.
  • buffers may especially be useful.
  • buffer substances are acetate, ascorbate, borate, hydrogen carbonate/carbonate, citrate, gluconate, lactate, phosphate, propionate and TRIS (tromethamine) buffers.
  • Tromethamine and borate buffer are preferred buffers.
  • the amount of buffer substance added is, typically, that necessary to ensure and maintain a physiologically tolerable pH range.
  • the pH range is generally in the range of from 4 to 9, preferably from 4.5 to 8.5 and more preferably from 5.0 to 8.2.
  • Tonicity is adjusted if needed typically by tonicity enhancing agents.
  • Such agents may, for example be of ionic and/or non-ionic type.
  • ionic tonicity enhancers are e.g. alkali metal or earth metal halides, such as, for example, CaCl 2 , KBr, KCl, LiCl, Nal, NaBr or NaCl, Na 2 SO 4 or boric acid.
  • Non-ionic tonicity enhancing agents are, for example, urea, glycerol, sorbitol, mannitol, propylene glycol, or dextrose.
  • a sufficient amount of tonicity enhancing agent may be added to impart to an above ophthalmic composition an osmolality of approximately from 50 to 1000 mOsmol, preferred from 100 to 400 mOsmol, more preferred from 200 to 400 mOsmol and even more preferred from 250 to 350 mOsmol.
  • a preservative may typically be selected from a quaternary ammonium compound such as benzalkonium chloride, benzoxonium chloride or the like.
  • Benzalkonium chloride is better described as: N-benzyl-N-(C 8 -C 18 alkyl)-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride.
  • preservatives different from quaternary ammonium salts are alkyl-mercury salts of thiosalicylic acid, such as, for example, thiomersal, phenylmercuric nitrate, phenylmercuric acetate or phenylmercuric borate, parabens, such as, for example, methylparaben or propylparaben, alcohols, such as, for example, chlorobutanol, benzyl alcohol or phenyl ethanol, guanidine derivatives, such as, for example, chlorohexidine or polyhexamethylene biguanide, sodium perborate, Germal® II or sorbic acid.
  • alkyl-mercury salts of thiosalicylic acid such as, for example, thiomersal, phenylmercuric nitrate, phenylmercuric acetate or phenylmercuric borate
  • parabens such as, for example,
  • Preferred preservatives are quaternary ammonium compounds, in particular benzalkonium chloride, alkyl-mercury salts and parabens. Where appropriate, a sufficient amount of preservative is added to the ophthalmic composition to ensure protection against secondary contaminations during use caused by bacteria and fungi.
  • a pharmaceutical composition may additionally require the presence of a solubilizer, in particular if the active or the inactive ingredients tends to form a suspension or an emulsion.
  • a solubilizer suitable for an above concerned composition is for example selected from the group consisting of tyloxapol, fatty acid glycerol polyethylene glycol esters, fatty acid polyethylene glycol esters, polyethylene glycols, glycerol ethers, a cyclodextrin (for example ⁇ -, ⁇ - or ⁇ -cyclodextrin, e.g.
  • a specific example of an especially preferred solubilizer is a reaction product of castor oil and ethylene oxide, for example the commercial products Cremophor EL® Cremophor RH 40®.
  • solubilizers that are tolerated extremely well by the eye.
  • Another preferred solubilizer is selected from tyloxapol and from a cyclodextrin.
  • concentration used depends especially on the concentration of the active ingredient.
  • the amount added is typically sufficient to solubilize the active ingredient.
  • the concentration of the solubilizer is from 0.1 to 5000 times the concentration of the active ingredient.
  • An above pharmaceutical composition may comprise further non-toxic excipients, such as, for example, emulsifiers, wetting agents or fillers, such as, for example, the polyethylene glycols designated 200, 300, 400 and 600, or Carbowax designated 1000, 1500, 4000, 6000 and 10000.
  • excipients such as, for example, emulsifiers, wetting agents or fillers, such as, for example, the polyethylene glycols designated 200, 300, 400 and 600, or Carbowax designated 1000, 1500, 4000, 6000 and 10000.
  • excipients that may be used if desired are listed below but they are not intended to limit in any way the scope of the possible excipients.
  • the amount and type of excipient added is in accordance with the particular requirements and is generally in the range of from approximately 0.0001 to approximately 90% by weight.
  • a further object of the present invention is the use of a plastic bottle in accordance to the examples for stabilizing a composition disclosed therein.
  • ком ⁇ онент comprised in a 0.025% opthalmic composition comprising ketotifen: Reference to Names of ingredients (mg/ml) Function standards Active ingredient Ketotifen 0.25 antiallergic (used as Ketotifen (0.345) agent hydrogen fumarate) Other ingredients Benzalkonium chloride 0.10 preservative Ph. Eur. Glycerol 21.25 isotonizing agent Ph. Eur. 1 M Sodium hydroxide ⁇ 0.75 pH adjusting Ph. Eur. (to a pH of agent about 5.3) Water for injections ⁇ 981.055 solvent Ph. Eur. (ad 1.0 ml)
  • ophthalmic composition comprising ketotifen: Formula Reference Names of ingredients (mg/ml) Function to standards Active ingredient Ketotifen 0.50 antiallergic (used as Ketotifen (0.69) agent hydrogen fumarate) Other ingredients Benzalkonium chloride 0.10 preservative Ph. Eur. Glycerol 85 % 25.00 tonicity Ph. Eur. adjusting agent Sodium hydroxide 1 N ⁇ 1.50 pH adjusting Ph. Eur. (to a pH of agent about 5.3) Water for injections ⁇ 976.21 solvent Ph. Eur. (ad 1.0 ml)
  • Vitamin A eye drops reference to compound mg/ml function standards synthetic vitamin A 10 (1000 IU) antixerophthalmic Ph.
  • Eur. palmitate water dispersible form (100,000 IU/g) benzalkonium chloride 0.10 preservative Ph.
  • Eur. ⁇ -tocopherol acetate 10.0 antioxidant water dispersible form (0.5 g/g) boric acid 16.20 buffer Ph.
  • Eur. borax 1.40 buffer Ph.
  • disodium edetate 1.00 chelating agent Ph.
  • solvent solvent

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides stabilized ophthalmic compositions and methods for stabilizing ophthalmic compositions.

Description

  • The present invention describes in particular a method for stabilizing a pharmaceutical composition by contacting said composition with a polymeric material comprising an antioxidant. [0001]
  • There exists a need to stabilize pharmaceutical compositions, in particular aqueous pharmaceutical compositions and in particular aqueous eye drops, such that they are stable against decomposition caused by heat, light and/or oxygen exposure. [0002]
  • The problem has been solved in accordance to the main claim, namely in particular by the use of a plastic bottle, wherein an antioxidant is comprised. The advantage of such a stabilization consists in the possibility to omit an additional antioxidant and/or a stabilizer otherwise needed in such pharmaceutical compositions. Therefore, such pharmaceutical compositions usually exhibit an enhanced tolerability as compared to ordinarily stabilized compositions, since the antioxidant is not administered to the organism in need of such a pharmaceutical composition. [0003]
  • Consequently, an object of the present invention is a method of stabilizing a pharmaceutical composition in particular in accordance to the main claim, e.g. by use of a plastic bottle comprising an antioxidant. [0004]
  • Within the present invention stabilization relates to the stability of the pharmaceutical composition in total and in particular to the stability of the active ingredient itself when exposed to storage, oxygen and/or air (oxygen radicals), light (UV) and/or heat (e.g. sterilization step at 121° C.). Heat sterilization will equally refer to autoclavation. [0005]
  • The term polymeric material relates to a polymer which is preferably insoluble in the liquid pharmaceutical composition of the present invention and which polymeric material may further be in the form of a random mold. Examples of molds are in particular a pellet, a bead, a rod, a bar, a sheet, a tube, or a vessel and more preferably a bottle. A preferred polymeric material comprises or consists of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and/or mixtures thereof. [0006]
  • Consequently, the term plastic bottle relates in particular to a polyethylene (PE) and/or a polypropylene (PP) bottle. These may optionally contain further auxiliaries such as a light absorbing material e.g. titanium dioxide, a color pigment, a UV-absorber and/or the like. [0007]
  • An antioxidant within the terms of the present invention is understood to be a compound selected from the group consisting of 2,2′,2″,6,6′,6″-Hexa-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4,4′,4″-[(2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3,5-benzenetriyl)-trismethylene]-triphenol (Irganox 1330), 1,3,5,tris[3,5-di(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzyl]-1H , 3H ,5H-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trione, pentaerythrityl tetrakis[3-[3,5-di(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-propionate], octadecyl-3-[3,5-di(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-propionate, tris[2,4-di(1,1-dimethylethyl)-phenyl]-phosphite,2,2′-di(octa-decyloxy)-5,5′-spirobi(1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinane), dioctadecyl disulphide, didodecyl-3,3′-thiodipropionate, dioctadecyl-3,3′-thiodipropionate, butylhydroxytoluene, ethylene bis[3,3-di[3-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]butyrate] and mixtures thereof. A preferred antioxidant is Irganox 1330. [0008]
  • The amount of antioxidant comprised in the polymeric material is typically in the range of the recommendations of the European Pharmacopoeia and is typically from 0.05-1.0 wt. %, more preferably from 0.1-0.7 wt. % and even more preferably from 0.12-0.55 wt. %. [0009]
  • Other antioxidants, such as ascorbic acid, acetylcysteine, cysteine, sodium hydrogen sulfite, butyl-hydroxyanisole, and alpha-tocopherol acetate may be present too. [0010]
  • An advantage of an antioxidant comprised in a polymeric material in accordance to the present invention is that there is typically only a minimal release or substantially no release of said antioxidant into a pharmaceutical and in particular into an aqueous ophthalmic composition which composition is in contact with said polymeric material. This may typically result in a substantial exclusion of said antioxidant from said pharmaceutical composition. [0011]
  • An antioxidant is typically used during the manufacturing process of a polymeric material in order to avoid decomposition and/or oxidation. Consequently, such a polymer is in particular within the terms of the present invention, namely a polymeric material comprising an antioxidant. [0012]
  • A pharmaceutical active ingredient is e.g. selected from the group consisting of acetylcholine chloride, acyclovir, adrenaline, amethocaine, aminocaproic acid, antazoline phosphate, arachidonic acid, atropine, betaxolol, bupivacaine, carbachol, carteolol, chloramphenicol, chlortetracycline, chymatrypsin, clonidine, cocaine, corynanthine, cromolyn, cyclopentolate, demecarium, dexamethasone, dibutoline, dichlorphenamide, diclofenac, dipivefrin, echodtiophate, ephedrine, erythromycin, ethambutol, etidocaine, eucatropine, fluoromethalone, fluorometholone, gentamycin, gramicidine, H-thymidine, homatropine, hyaluronic acid, hydrocortisone, idoxuridine, indomethacin, isoflurophate, isosorbide, ketorolac, ketotifen, lachesine, levobunolol, levocabastine, lidocaine, lignocaine, medrysone, mepivacaine, methacholine, methazolamide, naphazoline, natamycin, neomycin, neostigmine, noradrenaline, ofloxacin, oxybuprocaine, oxymetazolin, oxyphenonium, pheniramine, phenylephrine, physostigmine, pilocarpine, polymyxin B, prednisolone, proparacaine, proxymethacaine, pyrilamine, retinoic acid, retinol, retinol acetate, retinol palmitate, scopolamine, sorbinil, sulfacetamide, tamoxifen, tetracaine, tetracycline, tetrahydrozoline, timolol, trifluridine, tropicamide, vidarabine, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and mixtures thereof. [0013]
  • Preferred pharmaceutically active compounds are selected from the group of betaxolol, chloramphenicol, diclofenac, dipivefrin, ephedrine, erythromycin, gentamycin, indomethacin, ketotifen, levobunolol, levocabastine, ofloxacin, pilocarpine, polymyxin B, prednisolone, retinoic acid, retinol, retinol acetate, retinol palmitate, tetracycline and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. [0014]
  • More preferred pharmaceutically active compounds are selected from the group of, betaxolol, chloramphenicol, diclofenac, ketotifen, levobunolol, levocabastine, pilocarpine, retinoic acid, retinol, retinol acetate, retinol palmitate and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. [0015]
  • Highly preferred is ketotifen, retinoic acid, retinol, retinol acetate, retinol palmitate and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. [0016]
  • Very particular preferred is ketotifen and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. [0017]
  • Within the present invention a pharmaceutical composition is characterized by the carrier wherein said pharmaceutical active compound is mixed, suspended, dissolved and/or partially dissolved and is selected from the group consisting of water, mixtures of water and water-miscible solvents, such as C[0018] 1- to C7-alkanols, vegetable oils or mineral oils comprising from 0.5 to 5% by weight hydroxyethylcellulose, ethyl oleate, carboxymethyl-cellulose, polyvinyl-pyrrolidone and other non-toxic water-soluble polymers, in particular for ophthalmic uses, such as, for example, cellulose derivatives, such as methylcellulose, alkali metal salts of carboxy-methylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, methylhydroxypropyl-cellulose and hydroxypropylcellulose, acrylates or methacrylates, such as salts of polyacrylic acid or ethyl acrylate, polyacrylamides, natural products, such as gelatin, alginates, pectins, tragacanth, karaya gum, xanthan gum, carrageenin, agar and acacia, starch derivatives, such as starch acetate and hydroxypropyl starch, and also other synthetic products, such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl methyl ether, polyethylene oxide, preferably cross-linked polyacrylic acid, such as neutral Carbopol, or mixtures of those polymers. Preferred carriers are water, cellulose derivatives, such as methylcellulose, alkali metal salts of carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, methylhydroxy-propylcellulose and hydroxypropylcellulose, neutral Carbopol, or mixtures thereof. A highly preferred carrier is water. The concentration of the carrier is, typically, from 1 to 100000 times the concentration of the active ingredient. The term aqueous typically denotes an aqueous composition wherein the carrier is to an extent of >50%, more preferably >75% and in particular >90% by weight water.
  • Within the terms of the present invention the term composition relates in particular to a solution, a suspension, a gel, an ointment, an emulsion and/or a mixture thereof. [0019]
  • Further preference is given to pharmaceutical compositions which are suitable for ocular administration. Therefore such a pharmaceutical composition preferably comprises further ingredients in order to meet the prerequisites for ocular tolerability. In a particular aspect, the present invention relates therefore to the stabilization of an ophthalmic composition and in particular to an aqueous ophthalmic composition. [0020]
  • These further ingredients may include tonicity enhancers, preservatives and pH adjusting agents. [0021]
  • For the adjustment of the pH, preferably to a physiological pH, buffers may especially be useful. Examples of buffer substances are acetate, ascorbate, borate, hydrogen carbonate/carbonate, citrate, gluconate, lactate, phosphate, propionate and TRIS (tromethamine) buffers. Tromethamine and borate buffer are preferred buffers. The amount of buffer substance added is, typically, that necessary to ensure and maintain a physiologically tolerable pH range. The pH range is generally in the range of from 4 to 9, preferably from 4.5 to 8.5 and more preferably from 5.0 to 8.2. [0022]
  • Tonicity is adjusted if needed typically by tonicity enhancing agents. Such agents may, for example be of ionic and/or non-ionic type. Examples of ionic tonicity enhancers are e.g. alkali metal or earth metal halides, such as, for example, CaCl[0023] 2, KBr, KCl, LiCl, Nal, NaBr or NaCl, Na2SO4 or boric acid. Non-ionic tonicity enhancing agents are, for example, urea, glycerol, sorbitol, mannitol, propylene glycol, or dextrose. Typically, a sufficient amount of tonicity enhancing agent may be added to impart to an above ophthalmic composition an osmolality of approximately from 50 to 1000 mOsmol, preferred from 100 to 400 mOsmol, more preferred from 200 to 400 mOsmol and even more preferred from 250 to 350 mOsmol.
  • A preservative may typically be selected from a quaternary ammonium compound such as benzalkonium chloride, benzoxonium chloride or the like. Benzalkonium chloride is better described as: N-benzyl-N-(C[0024] 8-C18alkyl)-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride. Examples of preservatives different from quaternary ammonium salts are alkyl-mercury salts of thiosalicylic acid, such as, for example, thiomersal, phenylmercuric nitrate, phenylmercuric acetate or phenylmercuric borate, parabens, such as, for example, methylparaben or propylparaben, alcohols, such as, for example, chlorobutanol, benzyl alcohol or phenyl ethanol, guanidine derivatives, such as, for example, chlorohexidine or polyhexamethylene biguanide, sodium perborate, Germal® II or sorbic acid. Preferred preservatives are quaternary ammonium compounds, in particular benzalkonium chloride, alkyl-mercury salts and parabens. Where appropriate, a sufficient amount of preservative is added to the ophthalmic composition to ensure protection against secondary contaminations during use caused by bacteria and fungi.
  • A pharmaceutical composition may additionally require the presence of a solubilizer, in particular if the active or the inactive ingredients tends to form a suspension or an emulsion. A solubilizer suitable for an above concerned composition is for example selected from the group consisting of tyloxapol, fatty acid glycerol polyethylene glycol esters, fatty acid polyethylene glycol esters, polyethylene glycols, glycerol ethers, a cyclodextrin (for example α-, β- or γ-cyclodextrin, e.g. alkylated, hydroxyalkylated, carboxyalkylated or alkyloxycarbonyl-alkylated derivatives, or mono- or diglycosyl-α-, β- or γ-cyclodextrin, mono- or dimaltosyl-α-, β- or γ-cyclodextrin or panosyl-cyclodextrin), polysorbate 20, polysorbate 80 or mixtures of those compounds. A specific example of an especially preferred solubilizer is a reaction product of castor oil and ethylene oxide, for example the commercial products Cremophor EL® Cremophor RH 40®. Reaction products of castor oil and ethylene oxide have proved to be particularly good solubilizers that are tolerated extremely well by the eye. Another preferred solubilizer is selected from tyloxapol and from a cyclodextrin. The concentration used depends especially on the concentration of the active ingredient. The amount added is typically sufficient to solubilize the active ingredient. For example, the concentration of the solubilizer is from 0.1 to 5000 times the concentration of the active ingredient. [0025]
  • An above pharmaceutical composition may comprise further non-toxic excipients, such as, for example, emulsifiers, wetting agents or fillers, such as, for example, the polyethylene glycols designated 200, 300, 400 and 600, or Carbowax designated 1000, 1500, 4000, 6000 and 10000. Other excipients that may be used if desired are listed below but they are not intended to limit in any way the scope of the possible excipients. The amount and type of excipient added is in accordance with the particular requirements and is generally in the range of from approximately 0.0001 to approximately 90% by weight. [0026]
  • Further objects of the present invention are those disclosed in all dependent and independent claims. [0027]
  • A further object of the present invention is the use of a plastic bottle in accordance to the examples for stabilizing a composition disclosed therein. [0028]
    • EXAMPLE 1 Ketotifen 0.025% Eye Drops
  • [0029]
    in 10 ml in 10 ml
    PE-bottles PP-bottles
    (no antioxidant) (+ Irganox 1330)
    0-Value
    Content of ketotifen hydrogen 97.7 97.7
    fumarate in %
    pH 5.06 5.06
    Osmolality (mOsmol) 247 247
    Stresstest, 15 hrs, 80° C.
    Content of ketotifen hydrogen 73.7 96.2
    fumarate in %
    Known degradation products in % 2.6 0.04
    pH 4.42 4.96
    Osmolality (mOsmol) 247 248
    • EXAMPLE 2 Ketotifen 0.05% Eye Drops
  • [0030]
    10 ml 10 ml
    PE-bottles PP-bottles
    (white) (white)
    (no antioxidant) (+ Irganox 1330)
    0-Value
    Content of ketotifen hydrogen 97.8 97.8
    fumarate in %
    pH 5.30 5.30
    Osmolality (mOsmol) 248 248
    3 month, 25° C.
    Content of ketotifen hydrogen 96.0 99.2
    fumarate in %
    Known degradation products in % 0.6 not detectable
    Unknown degradation products not determinable not detectable
    in %
    pH 5.0 5.64
    3 month, 30° C.
    Content of ketotifen hydrogen 93.5 99.2
    fumarate in %
    Known degradation products in % 1.6 not detectable
    Unknown degradation products 0.5 not detectable
    in %
    pH 4.93 5.62
    3 month, 40° C.
    (20% relative humidity)
    Content of ketotifen hydrogen 79.2 99.8
    fumarate in %
    Known degradation products in % 7.5 not determinable
    Unknown degradation products 3.2 not detectable
    in %
    pH 4.57 5.35
    3 month, 40° C.
    (75% relative humidity)
    Content of ketotifen hydrogen 83.4 99.4
    fumarate in %
    Known degradation products in % 4.3 not detectable
    Unknown degradation products 1.6 not detectable
    in %
    pH 4.66 5.55
    • EXAMPLE 3
  • [0031]
    Ingredients comprised in a 0.025% opthalmic
    composition comprising ketotifen:
    Reference to
    Names of ingredients (mg/ml) Function standards
    Active ingredient
    Ketotifen 0.25 antiallergic
    (used as Ketotifen (0.345) agent
    hydrogen fumarate)
    Other ingredients
    Benzalkonium chloride 0.10 preservative Ph. Eur.
    Glycerol 21.25 isotonizing agent Ph. Eur.
    1 M Sodium hydroxide ˜0.75 pH adjusting Ph. Eur.
    (to a pH of agent
    about 5.3)
    Water for injections ˜981.055 solvent Ph. Eur.
    (ad 1.0 ml)
    • EXAMPLE 4
  • [0032]
    Ingredients comprised in a 0.05% ophthalmic
    composition comprising ketotifen:
    Formula Reference
    Names of ingredients (mg/ml) Function to standards
    Active ingredient
    Ketotifen 0.50 antiallergic
    (used as Ketotifen (0.69) agent
    hydrogen fumarate)
    Other ingredients
    Benzalkonium chloride 0.10 preservative Ph. Eur.
    Glycerol 85 % 25.00 tonicity Ph. Eur.
    adjusting agent
    Sodium hydroxide 1 N ˜1.50 pH adjusting Ph. Eur.
    (to a pH of agent
    about 5.3)
    Water for injections ˜976.21 solvent Ph. Eur.
    (ad 1.0 ml)
    • EXAMPLE 5
  • [0033]
    Vitamin A eye drops
    5 ml PE-bottles 5 ml PP-bottles
    without antioxidant with Irganox 1330
    0-Value
    Content of Vit. A palmitate 1272 1272
    in IU
    pH 6.67 6.67
    Osmolality (mOsmol) 310 310
    40° C., 1 month,
    75% relative humidity
    Content of Vit. A palmitate 1097 1204
    in IU
    pH 6.67 6.67
    Osmolality (mOsmol) 310 310
    • EXAMPLE 6
  • [0034]
    Ingredients comprised in Vitamin A eye drops (gel)
    reference to
    compound mg/ml function standards
    synthetic vitamin A 10 (1000 IU) antixerophthalmic Ph. Eur.
    palmitate, water
    dispersible form
    (100,000 IU/g)
    benzalkonium chloride 0.10 preservative Ph. Eur.
    α-tocopherol acetate, 10.0 antioxidant
    water dispersible
    form (0.5 g/g)
    boric acid 16.20 buffer Ph. Eur.
    borax 1.40 buffer Ph. Eur.
    disodium edetate 1.00 chelating agent Ph. Eur.
    methylhydroxypropyl- 4.00 viscosity enhancer Ph. Eur.
    cellulose
    water for injections ad 1.0 ml carrier (solvent) Ph. Eur.
    • EXAMPLE 7
  • [0035]
    Ketotifen eye drops of example 3 (0.025% ophthalmic composition) exposed to stability test:
    Batch-7B Batch-7C
    Batch-7A filled into PP-bottles PP-bottles containing
    filled into PP-bottles containing Irganox 1330, BHT, sterilised with
    Composition (mg/ml) containing Irganox 1330, autoclaved before filling ethylene oxide before filling
    ketotifen hydrogen fumarate 0.345 identical to 7A identical to 7A
    benzalkonium chloride 0.10 identical to 7A identical to 7A
    glycerol 21.25 identical to 7A identical to 7A
    1 M sodium hydroxide ˜0.75 identical to 7A identical to 7A
    Water for injection ˜981.055 identical to 7A identical to 7A
  • [0036]
    0-Value
    Content of ketotifen hydrogen fumarate in % 96.5 100.0 99.6
    pH 5.12 5.38 5.55
    osmolality (mOsmol) 241 238 238
  • [0037]
    stress test at 40° C. and 75% relative humidity
    12 months 3 months 3 months
    Content of ketotifen hydrogen 99.9 99.2 98.2
    fumarate in %
    degradation products in % ˜2.08 <0.1 <0.05
    pH 5.16 5.35 5.56
    Osmolality (mOsmol) 244 240 242

Claims (27)

What is claimed is:
1. A method for stabilizing a liquid pharmaceutical composition comprising:
contacting said liquid composition with a polymeric material comprising an antioxidant, wherein said polymeric material is insoluble in said liquid pharmaceutical composition.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said pharmaceutical composition comprises water.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein said pharmaceutical composition comprises a pharmaceutically active ingredient suitable for ocular use.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein said pharmaceutical composition is a member selected from the group consisting of a solution, a suspension, or a gel.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein said pharmaceutical composition is a solution.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein said polymeric material is a member selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polystyrene, and a mixture of polyethylene and polystyrene.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein said polymeric material is polypropylene.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein said polypropylene is in the form of a member selected from the group consisting of a pellet, a bead, a rod, a bar, a sheet, a tube, a vessel, or a bottle.
9. The method of claim 2, wherein said antioxidant is selected from the group consisting of 2,2′,2″,6,6′,6″-hexa(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4,4′,4″-[2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3,5-benzenetriyl)-trimethylene]-triphenol; 1,3,5-tris([3,5-di(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzyl]-1H, 3H,5H-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trione, pentaerythrityl tetrakis[3-[3,5-di(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-propionate]; octadecyl-3-[3,5-di(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-propionate; tris[2,4-di(1,1-dimethylethyl)-phenyl]-phosphite; 2,2′-di(octa-decyloxy)-5,5′-spirobi(1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinane); dioctadecyl disulfide, didodecyl-3,3′-thiodipropionate, dioctadecyl-3,3′-thiodipropionate, butylhydroxytoluene, ethylene bis[3,3-di[3-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]butyrate] and mixtures thereof.
10. The method of claim 6, wherein said antioxidant is a member selected from the group consisting of 2,2′,2″,6,6′,6″-hexa(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4,4′,4″-[2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3,5-benzenetriyl)-trismethylene]-triphenol; 1,3,5-tris([3,5-di(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzyl]-1H, 3H ,5H-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trione, pentaerythrityl tetrakis[3-[3,5-di(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-propionate]; octadecyl-3-[3,5-di(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-propionate; tris[2,4-di(1,1-dimethylethyl)-phenyl]-phosphite; 2,2′-di(octa-decyloxy)-5,5′-spirobi(1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinane) and mixtures thereof.
11. The method of claim 7, wherein said antioxidant is a member selected from the group consisting of butylhydroxytoluene and 2,2′,2″,6,6′,6″-hexa(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4,4′,4″-[2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3,5-benzenetriyl)-trismethylene]-triphenol.
12. The method of claim 3, wherein said polymeric material is polypropylene and wherein said antioxidant is a member selected from the group consisting of butylhydroxytoluene and 2,2′,2″,6,6′,6″-hexa(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4,4′,4″-[2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3,5-benzenetriyl)-trismethylene]-triphenol.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein said pharmaceutically active ingredient suitable for ocular use is a member selected from the group consisting of ketotifen, retinoic acid, retinol, retinol acetate, retinol palmitate, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein said composition further comprises a buffer, a tonicity enhancer, and a preservative.
15. An ophthalmic composition comprising (a) an aqueous component comprising a solution of water and a member selected from the group consisting of ketotifen, pharmaceutically acceptable salts of ketotifen, and a mixture thereof and (b) a polymeric component comprising an antioxidant and a water-insoluble polymeric material selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, and a mixture thereof, wherein said aqueous component and said polymeric component are in contact in said composition.
16. A composition of claim 15, wherein said antioxidant is selected from the group consisting of 2,2′,2″,6,6′,6″-hexa(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4,4′,4″-[(2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3,5-benzenetriyl)-trismethylene]-triphenol; 1,3,5-tris([3,5-di(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzyl]-1H,3H,5H-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trione, pentaerythrityl tetrakis[3-[3,5-di(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-propionate]; octadecyl-3-[3,5-di(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-propionate; tris[2,4-di(1,1-dimethylethyl)-phenyl]-phosphite; 2,2′-di(octa-decyloxy)-5,5′-spirobi(1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinane); dioctadecyl disulfide, didodecyl-3,3′-thiodipropionate, dioctadecyl-3,3′-thiodipropionate, butylhydroxytoluene, ethylene bis[3,3-di[3-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]butyrate] and mixtures thereof.
17. A composition of claim 16, wherein said antioxidant is 2,2′,2″,6,6′,6″-hexa(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4,4′,4″-[(2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3,5-benzenetriyl)-trismethylene]-triphenol.
18. A composition of claim 15, further comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of a tonicity enhancer, a preservative, and a buffer.
19. A composition of claim 15 comprising (a) an aqueous component comprising a solution of water and ketotifen fumarate (b) a polymeric component comprising an antioxidant and polypropylene, wherein said aqueous component and said polymeric component are in contact in said composition.
20. A composition of claim 19, wherein said aqueous component further comprises glycerol.
21. A composition of claim 20, wherein said aqueous component further comprises benzalkonium chloride.
22. A composition of claim 19, comprising (a) an aqueous component comprising a solution of water, ketotifen fumarate, glycerol, and benzalkonium chloride and (b) a polymeric component comprising an antioxidant and polypropylene, wherein said aqueous component and said polymeric component are in contact in said composition.
23. A composition of claim 22, wherein said antioxidant is butylhydroxytoluene.
24. A composition of claim 22, comprising (a) an aqueous component comprising a solution of water, 0.0345% ketotifen fumarate by weight, 2.125% glycerol by weight, and benzalkonium chloride 0.01% by weight and (b) a polymeric component comprising an antioxidant and polypropylene, wherein said aqueous component and said polymeric component are in contact in said composition.
25. A composition of claim 24, wherein the pH of said solution is about 5.3.
26. A composition of claim 24, wherein said antioxidant is butylhydroxytoluene.
27. A composition of claim 26, wherein the pH of said solution is about 5.3.
US10/033,285 1998-04-02 2001-12-21 Method for treating pharmaceutical compositions Expired - Lifetime US6455547B1 (en)

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KR100228514B1 (en) * 1996-09-05 1999-11-01 한승수 Process for the preparation of percutaneous absorption preparation containing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesic as an active ingredient

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US20070208058A1 (en) * 2004-10-25 2007-09-06 Bryant Roy W Stable Pharmaceutical Compositions and Methods of Making and Using Same
US20100044918A1 (en) * 2008-08-22 2010-02-25 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Method of preparing solid reagent and microfluidic device employing the solid reagent

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CN1295474A (en) 2001-05-16
US6455547B1 (en) 2002-09-24
AU3811999A (en) 1999-10-25
DE69918122D1 (en) 2004-07-22
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BR9909329A (en) 2000-12-12
AU756000B2 (en) 2003-01-02
US6576649B1 (en) 2003-06-10
DE69918122T2 (en) 2005-06-16
NO20004872L (en) 2000-11-09
EP1098649B1 (en) 2004-06-16
KR100617430B1 (en) 2006-08-31
NZ507026A (en) 2003-09-26
EP1098649A1 (en) 2001-05-16
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IL138476A (en) 2006-04-10
ID26033A (en) 2000-11-16
WO1999051230A1 (en) 1999-10-14
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CZ20003579A3 (en) 2001-01-17
ES2224651T3 (en) 2005-03-01
CA2326137C (en) 2009-06-02
PL343156A1 (en) 2001-07-30
ZA200005098B (en) 2001-05-21
IL138476A0 (en) 2001-10-31
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NO20004872D0 (en) 2000-09-28
ATE269079T1 (en) 2004-07-15
DK1098649T3 (en) 2004-10-04
CA2326137A1 (en) 1999-10-14
HU226588B1 (en) 2009-04-28
KR20010042361A (en) 2001-05-25

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