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US20020070635A1 - Self-powered wireless switch - Google Patents

Self-powered wireless switch Download PDF

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Publication number
US20020070635A1
US20020070635A1 US09/949,195 US94919501A US2002070635A1 US 20020070635 A1 US20020070635 A1 US 20020070635A1 US 94919501 A US94919501 A US 94919501A US 2002070635 A1 US2002070635 A1 US 2002070635A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
switch
self
energy harvesting
wireless
vehicle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US09/949,195
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Gerald Morrison
Michael Berta
H. Winston Maue
Brian Skarb
Richard Meinzer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lear Corp
Original Assignee
Lear Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lear Corp filed Critical Lear Corp
Priority to US09/949,195 priority Critical patent/US20020070635A1/en
Priority to AU2002213154A priority patent/AU2002213154A1/en
Priority to PCT/US2001/031908 priority patent/WO2002030720A2/fr
Assigned to LEAR CORPORATION reassignment LEAR CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SKARB, BRIAN P., BERTA, MICHAEL J., MAUE, H. WINSTON, MEINZER, RICHARD, MORRISON, GERALD O.
Publication of US20020070635A1 publication Critical patent/US20020070635A1/en
Priority to US10/414,438 priority patent/US6933655B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R25/00—Fittings or systems for preventing or indicating unauthorised use or theft of vehicles
    • B60R25/20—Means to switch the anti-theft system on or off
    • B60R25/24—Means to switch the anti-theft system on or off using electronic identifiers containing a code not memorised by the user
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2239/00—Miscellaneous
    • H01H2239/076—Key stroke generating power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2300/00—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to electric switches, relays, selectors or emergency protective devices covered by H01H
    • H01H2300/03—Application domotique, e.g. for house automation, bus connected switches, sensors, loads or intelligent wiring

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to wireless switches, and more particularly to a wireless switch such as for use in an automobile or aircraft environment which does require a separate source of electrical power and associated wiring.
  • controller 14 typically includes a control algorithm for selectively distributing power to activate remotely located external loads 16 via additional wires 18 .
  • the necessity of supplying power from a vehicle battery 20 to each of the switches, controller, and loads generally results in a very complex electrical distribution system. As the number of systems on a vehicle increase, the complexity of the distribution as well as the bulk of associated wiring harnesses increases.
  • the present invention provides a twenty-year life, self-powered wireless switch for automobiles, aircraft (e.g., jet engines), elevators, and other applications requiring transmission of control signals/information from an inaccessible or rotating location.
  • the self-powered wireless switch is provided with a wireless transmitter, and an energy harvesting device arranged to produce electrical power for operation of the wireless transmitter when actuated by a switch.
  • the energy harvesting device includes a piezoelectric element arranged to be distressed upon actuation of the switch.
  • the energy harvesting device can include a tritium lamp arranged to energy a phosphor coating to produce light and at least one photo detector arranged to receive the light and generate the electrical power.
  • the energy harvesting device includes at least one photo detector arranged to receive the light from a lamp.
  • the lamp can be arranged to generate black light.
  • the present invention provides a switch arrangement that can be located without regard to insuring accessability of a wiring harness or connector. This freedom to locate a switch anywhere without being confined by a wire harness reduces the complexity of the power distribution system in such applications as automobiles, aircraft and HVAC equipment.
  • Embodiments of the present invention are suitable for many vehicle systems.
  • a plurality of self-powered wireless switches may be connected to a keyless entry pad and actuated when a user presses the pad.
  • a pair of self-powered wireless switches may be connected to the interior lock/unlock switch and actuated by the lock/unlock switch.
  • a self-powered wireless switch may be connected to the interior or exterior door handle and actuated by the door handle.
  • a pair of self-powered wireless switches may be connected to the interior lock/unlock plunger and actuated by the lock/unlock plunger.
  • a remote keyless entry device may include a self-powered wireless switch connected to a button and actuated by the button. That is, there are many vehicle applications that may employ embodiments of the present invention to achieve a self-powered wireless switch for, among other things, keyless entry via a keyless entry pad on an exterior of the vehicle or via a remote keyless entry device, interior lock/unlock switches or plungers, and interior or exterior door handles.
  • a suitable receiver is located at the appropriate actuator.
  • a receiver is located at the latch mechanism.
  • FIG. 1 is a block circuit diagram of a conventional wired electrical power distribution system for a switch and controller arrangement
  • FIG. 2 is a block circuit diagram of a self-powered wireless switch in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a block circuit diagram of a first embodiment of a self-powered wireless switch using a piezoelectric switch arrangement
  • FIG. 4 is a block circuit diagram of a second embodiment of a self-powered wireless switch using a tritium lamp arrangement
  • FIG. 5 is a block circuit diagram of an alternative arrangement for the second embodiment which uses a source of black light
  • FIG. 6 is a block circuit diagram of a preferred implementation of the first embodiment of a self-powered wireless switch using a piezoelectric switch arrangement
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating a keyless entry pad of the present invention utilizing self-powered wireless switches
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating an interior lock/unlock switch of the present invention utilizing self-powered wireless switches
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating an interior or outside door handle of the present invention utilizing a self-powered wireless switch
  • FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating an interior lock/unlock plunger of the present invention utilizing self-powered wireless switches.
  • FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating a remote keyless entry system of the present invention utilizing self-powered wireless switches on the key fob.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a wireless switch arrangement 100 in accordance with the present invention.
  • a wireless switch 102 is arranged to be self-powering, thereby limiting the use of a wiring harness to connecting a controlled load(s) 104 to a source of electrical power such as a battery 106 .
  • the present invention is able to eliminate the connection of any wiring to a user operated control switch.
  • the wireless switch is arranged to perform (1) actuation; (2) communication; (3) backlighting (i.e., switch illumination); and (4) energy harvesting.
  • backlighting i.e., switch illumination
  • energy harvesting is used in this description to defme a switch assembly that does not need servicing for twenty years and does not require a direct wire connection to a vehicle's normal power distribution system.
  • a self-powered wireless switch arrangement 200 is shown in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention. More specifically, a piezoelectric switch element 202 is arranged to be actuated by a user via a switch handle or button 204 .
  • the switch handle operates to apply a mechanical force to deflect or distress the piezoelectric element, which in turn includes a piezoelectric material (for example, PZT-lead zirconate titanate) that operates to convert the mechanical force into an output electric voltage and current.
  • the generated electric power can be directly connected to a wireless transmitter circuit 206 , or stored by a capacitor 208 . The capacitor would then become the power source for operation of wireless transmitter circuit 206 .
  • the wireless transmitter circuit can be implemented using RF, infrared, ultrasonic and other wireless technologies known to one of ordinary skill in the art.
  • a 13.6 MHz transmitter circuit can be provided that only requires approximately 1 milliwatt to power the transmitter.
  • the output of the transmitter is not encrypted.
  • Another possible transmitter is a TIRIS (“Texas Instrument Registration and Identification System”) transponder, manufactured by Texas Instruments (TI).
  • TIRIS Texas Instrument Registration and Identification System
  • This device includes an interrogator that is powered by the energy generated or harvested, and is arranged to generate radiation that is stored for a period of 50 ms. Subsequently, the transponder radiates information at 134 KHz for 50 ms while the TIRIS interrogator stops transmitting radiation and goes into a 50 ms read mode.
  • the TIRIS device can transmit 64 bits of information during each 50 ms burst. This information content allows for use of sufficient coding to distinguish one switch location from another. In addition, because the TIRIS device uses a higher frequency output, less energy is needed to actually send the signal. Thus, the TIRIS device consumes less power than a lower frequency transmitter. Furthermore, the TIRIS transponder is rugged and small, and therefore practical for use in hostile environments such as typically encountered in vehicle applications.
  • a Belleville washer 210 may be used to distress or activate the PZT material in the example.
  • the Belleville washer is arranged to have a negative load-deflection curve so that the Belleville contacts the PZT material with the same force every time the Belleville is pushed beyond a certain critical point or switch threshold. This insures a reliable source of power for the transmitter once the switch threshold is overcome.
  • the higher the height of the Belleville the greater the magnitude of the negative deflection and corresponding distress applied to the PZT material.
  • Using a negative mechanical motion allows the activation process to be independent of the force applied to the Belleville. For a large Belleville, thinning part of the Belleville will increase the size of the spot needed to be pushed to obtain the maximum negative deflection of the PZT material.
  • a preferred embodiment of the present invention utilizes MEMS technology to integrate the switch components onto a single chip. More specifically, MEMS (Micro ElectroMechanical Systems) is an emerging technology in which mechanical structures and electronic circuits are formed on silicon wafers.
  • MEMS Micro ElectroMechanical Systems
  • One example of a vehicle component that utilizes this approach is an air bag/collision detection sensor.
  • MEMS can be used to form other electronic components such as switches, navigational compasses, relays, and RF transmitters.
  • this manufacturing concept will enable a wireless vehicle side mirror power switch assembly to be integrated on a single silicon chip. The switch would communicate wirelessly with the door mounted outside mirrors, and would have complete freedom of location on the door panel because no wiring harness would be required.
  • the use of MEMS technology would reduce complexity, improve reliability and reduce cost while providing more packaging flexibility.
  • the self-powered wireless switch of the present invention can be used in other areas of the vehicle, including doors, instrument panel and headliner. Multiple switches can be put on a single chip and coupled to one transmitter circuit. An analog indicator, processor or other arrangement can be included to provide individual coding of each switch.
  • the energy harvesting arrangement uses at least one tritium lamp 302 and a photovoltaic device 304 to power the wireless transmitter circuit 206 .
  • the tritium lamp provides a lightweight, long life energy source. For example, these lamps are now being used to illuminate exit signs on airplanes and watch dials. Tritium has a half-life of 12.4 years and decays to helium by releasing a beta particle with a maximum energy of 18.6 keV. This energy is approximately equal to the energy of the electrons in a television tube.
  • the products of tritium decay i.e., stable helium and electrons
  • the released beta particles have sufficient energy to excite phosphors 308 that can be coated on the inside of the glass sphere containing the gas.
  • Monochromatic light is thus produced to efficiently excite an array of photo detectors in the photovoltaic device.
  • the light intensity is temperature independent since because it is produced through a nuclear process. Over the expected temperature range for car operation, the optical efficiency of the photo detectors is also relatively insensitive to temperature. Thus, the output power from the tritium power source will be relatively independent of temperature.
  • a user actuated switch 310 is connected to a control input of wireless transmitter 206 .
  • a voltage regulator (not shown) can be included to regulate the supply of power form the photo detectors.
  • the light generated by the tritium lamp(s) can also be used to illuminate (i.e., backlight) the switch.
  • lighting effects can be obtained by using a plurality of phosphors.
  • a plurality of tritium lamps can be close coupled to the photovoltaic devices, thereby insuring that a sufficient amount light is generated beyond the 12.4 year half-life of the tritium.
  • a set of glass spheres each containing the tritium/phosphor can be sandwiched between a set of photo detector arrays. The output from these arrays provide the power necessary to operate the wireless transmitter.
  • these components are relatively small, they can be potted together to make a single element.
  • this element could be mounted behind or under a mirror controller so that controls for a side view mirror would be in direct contact with the wireless chip.
  • the wireless chip/tritium power supply can be separated from the user operated switch 310 .
  • the basic tritium power source is replaced with a black light source.
  • a black light source For example, in an automobile, the interior could be illuminated with black light via a bulb 402 located in a headliner 404 .
  • a conventional bulb produces black light (UV), and one or more filters 406 can be used to eliminate the visible portion of the optical spectrum.
  • the black light is invisible to the driver, but can be used to excite phosphors 408 to illuminate switch 310 and simultaneously excite photo detectors 304 .
  • Visible light could also be used, but depending on the location, could be a distraction to a vehicle occupant, especially at night.
  • generating electrical power via black light or mechanical motion may be more attractive in terms of cost than using the tritium-based power source.
  • the self-powered wireless switch of the present invention allows a finger actuated switch to provide sufficient power to operate a wireless transmitter capable of communicating 64 bits of information.
  • the energy harvesting or generating arrangement allows the switch to locally collect or generate energy to power the wireless circuitry as well as to potentially provide light or power for backlighting of the switch.
  • the self-powered wireless switch is controlling operation of a door mounted outside mirror.
  • motorized mirrors are powered via an H-bridge, which would be controlled via a set of wireless switches within the vehicle. Transmission would occur at the switch, while a receiver located near the H-bridge would receive the signal. A relay can be activated to allow electrical power to energize the mirror motor when a signal is received.
  • the wireless switch of the present invention could be used to control a variety of systems in an automobile.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a preferred implementation for the piezoelectric device embodiment of the self-powered wireless switch, generally, at 500 .
  • Mechanical switch 502 may be implemented in any suitable fashion such as a spring-loaded striker.
  • Piezoelectric device 504 is connected to matching transformer 506 .
  • Matching transformer 506 is a wound step down transformer and it connects to rectifier 508 .
  • the piezoelectric device 504 should vibrate near its mechanical resonance.
  • the inductance as seen by piezoelectric device 504 looking into matching transformer 506 is selected based on the capacitance of piezoelectric device 504 and the natural mechanical resonating frequency of piezoelectric device 504 .
  • transformer 506 Proper selection of transformer 506 results in a circuit that resonates after the initial impact of mechanical switch 502 with piezoelectric device 504 .
  • the resonate behavior of the electric circuit together with the step down transformer 506 improves the ability of capacitor 510 to receive and store a charge. That is, the user actuates mechanical switch 502 , which impacts piezoelectric device 504 causing piezoelectric device 504 to mechanically resonate.
  • Matching transformer 506 steps down the voltage from piezoelectric device 504 and charges capacitor 510 through rectifier 508 .
  • Matching transformer 506 is a wound transformer having an inductance selected such that piezoelectric device 504 resonates.
  • Capacitor 510 produces a voltage that is regulated by regulator 512 , and drives encoder 514 and transmitter 516 .
  • FIGS. 7 - 11 illustrate various vehicle system applications for embodiments from the present invention.
  • a keyless entry pad 600 is located on an exterior of a vehicle.
  • a plurality of self-powered wireless switches 602 , 604 , 606 , 608 , and 610 are connected to the keyless entry pad 600 .
  • the wireless switches 602 , 604 , 606 , 608 , and 610 are actuated when the user presses the corresponding buttons on the keyless entry pad.
  • each switch includes a wireless transmitter and an energy harvesting device arranged to produce electrical power for operation of the wireless transmitter upon actuation of the switch by the user.
  • a suitable energy harvesting device is a piezoelectric device coupled to a capacitor, for example, as shown in FIG. 6.
  • an interior lock/unlock switch 620 is connected to self-powered wireless switches 622 and 624 .
  • the pair of self-powered wireless switches 622 and 624 are actuated by the lock/unlock switch. It is appreciated that the keyless entry pad and interior lock/unlock switch applications reduce the need for wiring within the vehicle because the wireless switches are self-powered.
  • FIG. 9 an interior or outside door handle 630 is connected to a self-powered wireless switch 632 . Further, additional applications are shown in FIGS. 10 and 11.
  • an interior lock/unlock plunger 640 is connected to a pair of self-powered wireless switches 642 and 644 . The plunger is pushed or pulled to actuate the switches.
  • a remote keyless entry device 650 such as a key fob includes a plurality of self-powered wireless switches 652 , 654 , and 656 . Each self-powered wireless switch corresponds to a button on the remote keyless entry device.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
  • Selective Calling Equipment (AREA)
US09/949,195 2000-10-13 2001-09-07 Self-powered wireless switch Abandoned US20020070635A1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/949,195 US20020070635A1 (en) 2000-10-13 2001-09-07 Self-powered wireless switch
AU2002213154A AU2002213154A1 (en) 2000-10-13 2001-10-12 Self-powered wireless switch
PCT/US2001/031908 WO2002030720A2 (fr) 2000-10-13 2001-10-12 Commutateur sans fil autonome
US10/414,438 US6933655B2 (en) 2000-10-13 2003-04-14 Self-powered wireless switch

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US68740000A 2000-10-13 2000-10-13
US09/949,195 US20020070635A1 (en) 2000-10-13 2001-09-07 Self-powered wireless switch

Related Parent Applications (1)

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US68740000A Continuation-In-Part 2000-10-13 2000-10-13

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2001/031908 Continuation WO2002030720A2 (fr) 2000-10-13 2001-10-12 Commutateur sans fil autonome

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US10/414,438 Expired - Fee Related US6933655B2 (en) 2000-10-13 2003-04-14 Self-powered wireless switch

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AU (1) AU2002213154A1 (fr)
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US6933655B2 (en) 2005-08-23
AU2002213154A1 (en) 2002-04-22

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