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US20010045246A1 - Iron-nickel alloy having a low coefficient of expansion - Google Patents

Iron-nickel alloy having a low coefficient of expansion Download PDF

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Publication number
US20010045246A1
US20010045246A1 US09/916,244 US91624401A US2001045246A1 US 20010045246 A1 US20010045246 A1 US 20010045246A1 US 91624401 A US91624401 A US 91624401A US 2001045246 A1 US2001045246 A1 US 2001045246A1
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Prior art keywords
alloy
iron
less
expansion
nickel
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Abandoned
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US09/916,244
Inventor
Jacques Baudry
Michel Faral
Jean-Francois Tiers
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Imphy SA
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Imphy SA
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Filing date
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Priority to US09/916,244 priority Critical patent/US20010045246A1/en
Publication of US20010045246A1 publication Critical patent/US20010045246A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an iron/nickel alloy having a low coefficient of linear expansion and to a product, preferably a strip, comprising this alloy and obtained by hot rolling and then, optionally, cold rolling.
  • Iron/nickel-containing alloys having a low coefficient of expansion, containing between 35% and 40% by weight of nickel are well known.
  • these alloys always contain impurities such as sulfur, phosphorus, oxygen, nitrogen and carbon, typically resulting from smelting.
  • the alloys may also contain elements such as cobalt, chromium, copper, molybdenum, vanadium, niobium and silicon which are added to adjust mechanical properties.
  • these alloys are difficult to hot-deform by rolling or by forging.
  • such addition has the drawback of appreciably increasing the coefficient of expansion of the alloy.
  • One object of the present invention is to provide an iron/nickel alloy with a low manganese content and a low coefficient of linear expansion, which has good hot ductility and which can be smelted using conventional processes.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a product, such as a strip, comprising the above-described iron/nickel alloy, preferably by hot rolling and then, optionally, by cold rolling the alloy.
  • the chemical composition is, in addition to the above, such that:
  • the nickel content of the invention alloy is between 35.8% and 36.3% and more preferably between 35.9% and 36.2%, and Cr ⁇ 0.1%, Cu ⁇ 0.1%, Mo ⁇ 0.1%, V ⁇ 0.1%, and Nb ⁇ 0.1%.
  • the chemical composition of the invention alloy meet the following condition: Cr+Cu+Mo+V+Nb+Si ⁇ 0.15%.
  • the invention also relates to a product, preferably a strip, made of the iron/nickel alloy according to the invention, obtained by hot rolling and then, optionally, cold rolling.
  • the strip preferably has a width greater than 400 mm and a thickness as desired, including 0.01-1 mm, the strip having a coefficient of linear expansion between 20° C. and 100° C. which is less than 0.9 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 /K, preferably less than 0.82 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 /K.
  • the strip may be of any desired length.
  • the alloy according to the invention is an alloy based on iron and nickel, containing iron and from 35.5% to 37% of nickel, as well as, optionally, complementary alloy elements such as cobalt, chromium, copper, molybdenum, vanadium or niobium in amounts less than 3% by weight, these being intended to adjust the mechanical properties depending on the intended uses.
  • the invention alloy contains less than 0.1% by weight and preferably less than 0.05% by weight of manganese, since this element increases the coefficient of thermal expansion of the alloy.
  • the low manganese content of the invention alloy has the drawback of adversely affecting the hot deformability (hot ductility) of the alloy, and in order to obtain good hot ductility it is necessary for the alloy to contain in combination:
  • the calcium and magnesium contents are limited herein to 0.002% in order to prevent the formation of large inclusions liable to cause pitting during chemical cutting, as is particularly the case when the invention alloy is used in the form of thin steets for the manufacture of shadow masks for cathode ray tubes.
  • the invention alloy it is also necessary, in order to obtain good hot ductility, for the invention alloy to contain less than 0.005% of aluminum and less than 0.005% and preferably less than 0.003% of nitrogen. It also contains less than 0.01% and preferably less than 0.005% of oxygen.
  • the nickel content herein is preferably between 35.8% and 36.3% and, even better, between 35.9% and 36.2%, the optimum content being 36.05%.
  • the alloy elements chromium, copper, molybdenum, vanadium, niobium and silicon have an unfavorable effect on the coefficient of expansion.
  • the contents of each of these elements must remain less than 0.1% and preferably less than 0.05%. Even better, it is desirable that:
  • Cobalt is an element which may be partially substituted for nickel up to a level of 10%, but this element has drawbacks when the alloy has to undergo chemical attack, for example in order to perform chemical etching; in addition, its content is preferably limited to 0.5%, especially when the alloy is intended for manufacturing shadow masks for cathode ray tubes.
  • the invention alloy when used to manufacture thin sheets intended to be creep drawn, it preferably contains less than 0.02% and more preferably less than 0.010%, and even better less than 0.005%, of carbon so as to have the lowest possible yield stress, which is favorable to good deep-drawability.
  • the hydrogen content of the invention alloy is preferably less than 0.001% and preferably less than 0.0005% in order to prevent the formation of blisters.
  • the boron content is preferably less than 0.01% and more preferably less than 0.005%, and even better less than 0.0004%, so as to prevent the formation of boron nitrides at the surface of the products during heat treatments. These nitrides form a pulverulent layer which leads to poor adhesion of the blacking layer produced on shadow masks.
  • the invention alloy makes it possible to manufacture products such as ingots or slabs by hot rolling and to then produce, e.g., thin strips with thicknesses less than 0.3 mm and width greater than 400 mm, by cold rolling, these strips being used especially for the manufacture of shadow masks for cathode ray tubes.
  • a 600 mm wide and 0.15 mm thick strip was manufactured by hot-rolling and then cold-rolling an ingot of iron/nickel alloy whose chemical composition was, by weight,:
  • Hot rolling was carried out without forming crazes.
  • the coefficient of expansion was 0.81 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 /K.
  • the yield stress E 0.2 was 270 MPa and the coercive field was 0.45 Oe.
  • the strip exhibited very good chemical etching behavior. All these properties make it particularly suitable for the manufacture of shadow masks for cathode ray tubes.
  • the alloy according to the invention may also be used, for example, in metrology or for the manufacture of bimetallic strips.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
  • Electrodes For Cathode-Ray Tubes (AREA)

Abstract

Iron/nickel alloy having a low coefficient of expansion, the chemical composition of which comprises iron, nickel, manganese, silicon, calcium, magnesium, less than 0.005% of aluminum, less than 0.001% of sulfur, less than 0.01% of oxygen, less than 0.005% of nitrogen, and less than 0.003% of phosphorus, the chemical composition furthermore satisfying the relationship:
S≦0.02×Mn+0.8×Ca+0.6×Mg

Description

    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • 1. Field of the Invention [0001]
  • The present invention relates to an iron/nickel alloy having a low coefficient of linear expansion and to a product, preferably a strip, comprising this alloy and obtained by hot rolling and then, optionally, cold rolling. [0002]
  • 2. Discussion of the Background [0003]
  • Iron/nickel-containing alloys having a low coefficient of expansion, containing between 35% and 40% by weight of nickel are well known. However, in addition to nickel and iron, these alloys always contain impurities such as sulfur, phosphorus, oxygen, nitrogen and carbon, typically resulting from smelting. The alloys may also contain elements such as cobalt, chromium, copper, molybdenum, vanadium, niobium and silicon which are added to adjust mechanical properties. Unfortunately, and because of the presence of impurities, these alloys are difficult to hot-deform by rolling or by forging. In order to improve the hot deformability, it is known to add manganese in amounts greater than 0.2%. However such addition has the drawback of appreciably increasing the coefficient of expansion of the alloy. [0004]
  • In U.S. Pat. No. 2,050,387, a process has been proposed for manufacturing an iron/nickel alloy having a low coefficient of expansion and good hot forgeability, in which the alloy is smelted by annealing high-purity raw materials under hydrogen above 1150° C. for 20 h and then by casting and solidifying under a hydrogen atmosphere. This process, however, has the drawback of being complicated to implement and being very expensive. [0005]
    • OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
  • One object of the present invention is to provide an iron/nickel alloy with a low manganese content and a low coefficient of linear expansion, which has good hot ductility and which can be smelted using conventional processes. [0006]
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a product, such as a strip, comprising the above-described iron/nickel alloy, preferably by hot rolling and then, optionally, by cold rolling the alloy. [0007]
    • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • The above objects are provided by an iron/nickel alloy whose chemical composition comprises, by weight: [0008]
  • 35.5%≦Ni≦37% [0009]
  • Mn≦0.1% [0010]
  • 0.03%≦Si≦0.15% [0011]
  • 0.0001%≦Ca≦0.002% [0012]
  • 0.0001%≦Mg≦0.002% [0013]
  • Al≦0.005% [0014]
  • S≦0.001% [0015]
  • O≦0.01% [0016]
  • N≦0.005% [0017]
  • P≦0.003% [0018]
  • In addition, the chemical composition satisfys the following relationship:[0019]
  • S≦0.02×Mn+0.8×Ca+0.6×Mg
  • and has, preferably, a balance of iron. [0020]
  • Preferably, the chemical composition is, in addition to the above, such that: [0021]
  • O≦0.005% [0022]
  • N≦0.003% [0023]
  • S≦0.0005% [0024]
  • In order to obtain good deep-drawability and a good surface finish after heat treatment, it is preferable that the chemical composition described initially or the preferable composition immediately above further meet the following conditions: [0025]
  • C≦0.005% [0026]
  • B≦0.0004% [0027]
  • Preferably, the nickel content of the invention alloy is between 35.8% and 36.3% and more preferably between 35.9% and 36.2%, and Cr≦0.1%, Cu≦0.1%, Mo≦0.1%, V≦0.1%, and Nb≦0.1%. [0028]
  • In order to obtain a very low coefficient of expansion, it is preferable that the chemical composition of the invention alloy meet the following condition: Cr+Cu+Mo+V+Nb+Si≦0.15%. [0029]
  • The invention also relates to a product, preferably a strip, made of the iron/nickel alloy according to the invention, obtained by hot rolling and then, optionally, cold rolling. The strip preferably has a width greater than 400 mm and a thickness as desired, including 0.01-1 mm, the strip having a coefficient of linear expansion between 20° C. and 100° C. which is less than 0.9×10[0030] −6/K, preferably less than 0.82×10−6/K. The strip may be of any desired length.
  • The alloy according to the invention is an alloy based on iron and nickel, containing iron and from 35.5% to 37% of nickel, as well as, optionally, complementary alloy elements such as cobalt, chromium, copper, molybdenum, vanadium or niobium in amounts less than 3% by weight, these being intended to adjust the mechanical properties depending on the intended uses. [0031]
  • The invention alloy contains less than 0.1% by weight and preferably less than 0.05% by weight of manganese, since this element increases the coefficient of thermal expansion of the alloy. [0032]
  • The low manganese content of the invention alloy has the drawback of adversely affecting the hot deformability (hot ductility) of the alloy, and in order to obtain good hot ductility it is necessary for the alloy to contain in combination: [0033]
  • less than 0.001%; and preferably less than 0.0005% of sulfur where “%” here and everywhere herein means % by weight, [0034]
  • less than 0.003% of phosphorus, [0035]
  • between 0.0001% and 0.002% of calcium, [0036]
  • between 0.0001% and 0.002% of magnesium, [0037]
  • between 0.03% and 0.015% of silicon. [0038]
  • The manganese, calcium, magnesium and sulfur contents also satisfy the relation:[0039]
  • S≦0.02×Mn+0.8×Ca+0.6×Mg
  • The calcium and magnesium contents are limited herein to 0.002% in order to prevent the formation of large inclusions liable to cause pitting during chemical cutting, as is particularly the case when the invention alloy is used in the form of thin steets for the manufacture of shadow masks for cathode ray tubes. [0040]
  • It is also necessary, in order to obtain good hot ductility, for the invention alloy to contain less than 0.005% of aluminum and less than 0.005% and preferably less than 0.003% of nitrogen. It also contains less than 0.01% and preferably less than 0.005% of oxygen. [0041]
  • In order to obtain the lowest coefficient of expansion possible, the nickel content herein is preferably between 35.8% and 36.3% and, even better, between 35.9% and 36.2%, the optimum content being 36.05%. [0042]
  • The alloy elements chromium, copper, molybdenum, vanadium, niobium and silicon have an unfavorable effect on the coefficient of expansion. In addition, when searching for the lowest possible coefficient of expansion, the contents of each of these elements must remain less than 0.1% and preferably less than 0.05%. Even better, it is desirable that:[0043]
  • Cr+Cu+Mo+V+Nb+Si≦0.15%
  • Cobalt is an element which may be partially substituted for nickel up to a level of 10%, but this element has drawbacks when the alloy has to undergo chemical attack, for example in order to perform chemical etching; in addition, its content is preferably limited to 0.5%, especially when the alloy is intended for manufacturing shadow masks for cathode ray tubes. [0044]
  • When the invention alloy is used to manufacture thin sheets intended to be creep drawn, it preferably contains less than 0.02% and more preferably less than 0.010%, and even better less than 0.005%, of carbon so as to have the lowest possible yield stress, which is favorable to good deep-drawability. [0045]
  • The hydrogen content of the invention alloy is preferably less than 0.001% and preferably less than 0.0005% in order to prevent the formation of blisters. The boron content is preferably less than 0.01% and more preferably less than 0.005%, and even better less than 0.0004%, so as to prevent the formation of boron nitrides at the surface of the products during heat treatments. These nitrides form a pulverulent layer which leads to poor adhesion of the blacking layer produced on shadow masks. [0046]
  • The invention alloy makes it possible to manufacture products such as ingots or slabs by hot rolling and to then produce, e.g., thin strips with thicknesses less than 0.3 mm and width greater than 400 mm, by cold rolling, these strips being used especially for the manufacture of shadow masks for cathode ray tubes. [0047]
  • The invention will now be further described by way of an example. This example is nonlimiting, however.[0048]
    • EXAMPLE
  • A 600 mm wide and 0.15 mm thick strip was manufactured by hot-rolling and then cold-rolling an ingot of iron/nickel alloy whose chemical composition was, by weight,: [0049]
  • Ni: 35.97% [0050]
  • Co: 0.019% [0051]
  • Cr: 0.025% [0052]
  • Cu: <0.01% [0053]
  • Mo: 0.0058% [0054]
  • V: <0.005% [0055]
  • Nb: <0.005% [0056]
  • Mn: 0.041% [0057]
  • Si: 0.048% [0058]
  • S: <0.0005% [0059]
  • Ca: 0.0002% [0060]
  • Mg: 0.0003% [0061]
  • Al: <0.005% [0062]
  • O: 0.0045% [0063]
  • C: 0.0033% [0064]
  • N: 0.0032% [0065]
  • P: <0.003% [0066]
  • H: <0.001% [0067]
  • B: <0.0004% [0068]
  • When the contents of elements above are indicated as being “less than” a certain value, this means that they are contained in amounts less than the limit of sensitivity of the analytical methods used. [0069]
  • Hot rolling was carried out without forming crazes. The coefficient of expansion was 0.81×10[0070] −6/K. After heat treatment for 30 minutes at 800° C., the yield stress E0.2 was 270 MPa and the coercive field was 0.45 Oe. The strip exhibited very good chemical etching behavior. All these properties make it particularly suitable for the manufacture of shadow masks for cathode ray tubes. The alloy according to the invention may also be used, for example, in metrology or for the manufacture of bimetallic strips.
  • This application is based on French patent application 94 14 011 filed Nov. 23, 1994, incorporated herein by reference. Obviously, numerous modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein. [0071]

Claims (11)

What is claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patent of the United States is:
1. An iron/nickel alloy having a coefficient of linear expansion less than 0.9×10−6/K and having a chemical composition which comprises iron and, by weight:
35.5%≦Ni≦37%
Mn≦0.1%
0.03%≦Si≦0.15%
0.0001%≦Ca≦0.002%
0.0001%≦Mg≦0.002%
Al≦0.005%
S≦0.001%
O≦0.01%
N≦0.005%
P≦0.003%
C≦0.005%
B≦0.0004%
H≦0.001%
Cr≦0.1%
Cu≦0.1%
Mo≦0.1%
V≦0.1%
Nb≦0.1%
Co≦0.5%,
wherein the chemical composition satisfys the following relation:
S≦0.02×Mn+0.8×Ca+0.6×Mg.
2. The iron/nickel alloy as claimed in
claim 1
, wherein:
O≦0.005%
N≦0.003%
S≦0.0005%.
3. The iron/nickel alloy as claimed in
claim 1
, wherein:
35.8%≦Ni≦36.3%.
4. The iron/nickel alloy as claimed in
claim 3
, wherein:
35.9%≦Ni≦36.2%.
5. The alloy as claimed in
claim 1
, wherein:
Cr+Cu+Mo+V+Nb+Si≦0.15%.
6. The iron/nickel alloy as claimed in
claim 2
, wherein:
35.8%≦Ni≦36.3%.
7. The alloy as claimed in
claim 2
, wherein:
Cr+Cu+Mo+V+Nb+Si≦0.15%.
8. The alloy as claimed in
claim 3
, wherein:
Cr+Cu+Mo+V+Nb+Si≦0.15%.
9. The alloy as claimed in
claim 4
, wherein:
Cr+Cu+Mo+V+Nb+Si≦0.15%.
10. The iron/nickel alloy as claimed in
claim 1
, wherein said alloy is in the form of a strip and is obtained by hot rolling and then cold rolling the alloy, wherein a width of the strip is greater than 400 mm and a coefficient of expansion of the strip between 20° C. and 100° C. is less than 0.9×10−6/K.
11. A shadow mask for a cathode ray tube comprising the alloy of
claim 1
.
US09/916,244 1994-11-23 2001-07-30 Iron-nickel alloy having a low coefficient of expansion Abandoned US20010045246A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/916,244 US20010045246A1 (en) 1994-11-23 2001-07-30 Iron-nickel alloy having a low coefficient of expansion

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9414011 1994-11-23
FR9414011A FR2727131B1 (en) 1994-11-23 1994-11-23 FER-NICKEL ALLOY WITH LOW EXPANSION COEFFICIENT
US56212395A 1995-11-22 1995-11-22
US09/916,244 US20010045246A1 (en) 1994-11-23 2001-07-30 Iron-nickel alloy having a low coefficient of expansion

Related Parent Applications (1)

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US56212395A Continuation 1994-11-23 1995-11-22

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EP (1) EP0713923B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH08209306A (en)
KR (1) KR100227354B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1044825C (en)
DE (1) DE69517575T2 (en)
DK (1) DK0713923T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2727131B1 (en)
PL (1) PL180440B1 (en)

Cited By (5)

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US20120174568A1 (en) * 2009-08-28 2012-07-12 Emitec Gesellschaft Fur Emissionstechnologie Mbh Thermoelectric device, motor vehicle having thermoelectric devices and method for manufacturing a thermoelectric device
US8986420B2 (en) 2011-03-16 2015-03-24 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Powder material, method for manufacturing communication device, and communication device
US9350065B2 (en) 2011-03-16 2016-05-24 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Method for manufacturing resonance tube, resonance tube, and filter
US20170096727A1 (en) * 2014-03-14 2017-04-06 Aperam Iron-nickel alloy having improved weldability
US20230143965A1 (en) * 2020-04-28 2023-05-11 Nippon Steel Stainless Steel Corporation Alloy material and method for producing same

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JPH1060528A (en) * 1996-08-14 1998-03-03 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd Method for manufacturing high strength invar alloy sheet
FR2767538B1 (en) * 1997-08-21 2001-05-11 Imphy Sa PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A FER-NICKEL ALLOY STRIP FROM A HALF CONTINUOUS CASTING PRODUCT
JP2000055285A (en) * 1998-08-11 2000-02-22 Osaka Gas Co Ltd Equipment for transporting low-temperature fluids
DE19920144C1 (en) * 1999-05-03 2000-08-03 Krupp Vdm Gmbh Iron-nickel alloy is used for shadow masks and frame parts of screens, passive components of thermo-bimetals, in the production, storage and transport of liquefied gases or for components of laser technology
FR2819825B1 (en) * 2001-01-24 2003-10-31 Imphy Ugine Precision PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING A FE-NI ALLOY STRIP
FR2849061B1 (en) * 2002-12-20 2005-06-03 Imphy Ugine Precision FER-NICKEL ALLOY WITH VERY LOW THERMAL EXPANSION COEFFICIENT FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SHADOW MASKS
CN107746933B (en) * 2017-10-16 2019-05-10 太原钢铁(集团)有限公司 The method of low bulk Precise Alloy hot continuous rolling

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120174568A1 (en) * 2009-08-28 2012-07-12 Emitec Gesellschaft Fur Emissionstechnologie Mbh Thermoelectric device, motor vehicle having thermoelectric devices and method for manufacturing a thermoelectric device
US8986420B2 (en) 2011-03-16 2015-03-24 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Powder material, method for manufacturing communication device, and communication device
US9350065B2 (en) 2011-03-16 2016-05-24 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Method for manufacturing resonance tube, resonance tube, and filter
US20170096727A1 (en) * 2014-03-14 2017-04-06 Aperam Iron-nickel alloy having improved weldability
US10633728B2 (en) * 2014-03-14 2020-04-28 Aperam Iron-nickel alloy having improved weldability
US20230143965A1 (en) * 2020-04-28 2023-05-11 Nippon Steel Stainless Steel Corporation Alloy material and method for producing same
EP4144881A4 (en) * 2020-04-28 2023-11-15 NIPPON STEEL Stainless Steel Corporation ALLOY MATERIAL AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THEREOF
US12404574B2 (en) * 2020-04-28 2025-09-02 Nippon Steel Stainless Steel Corporation Alloy material and method for producing same

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EP0713923B1 (en) 2000-06-21
CN1044825C (en) 1999-08-25
KR100227354B1 (en) 1999-11-01
KR960017884A (en) 1996-06-17
DK0713923T3 (en) 2000-10-09
EP0713923A1 (en) 1996-05-29
DE69517575D1 (en) 2000-07-27
FR2727131A1 (en) 1996-05-24
PL311448A1 (en) 1996-05-27
PL180440B1 (en) 2001-02-28
CN1131702A (en) 1996-09-25
FR2727131B1 (en) 1996-12-13
JPH08209306A (en) 1996-08-13
DE69517575T2 (en) 2001-03-08

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