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US20010011832A1 - Foamed core composite plate for use in trailer walls and doors - Google Patents

Foamed core composite plate for use in trailer walls and doors Download PDF

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Publication number
US20010011832A1
US20010011832A1 US09/812,093 US81209301A US2001011832A1 US 20010011832 A1 US20010011832 A1 US 20010011832A1 US 81209301 A US81209301 A US 81209301A US 2001011832 A1 US2001011832 A1 US 2001011832A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
foamed
core member
thermal plastic
trailer
skins
Prior art date
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Abandoned
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US09/812,093
Inventor
Donald Ehrlich
Rodney Ehrlich
Wilfred LeWallen
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Wabash Tech Corp
Wabash National LP
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Wabash Tech Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
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Priority to US09/812,093 priority Critical patent/US20010011832A1/en
Assigned to WABASH TECHNOLOGY CORP. reassignment WABASH TECHNOLOGY CORP. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: WABASH NATIONAL, L.P.
Assigned to WABASH NATIONAL, L.P. reassignment WABASH NATIONAL, L.P. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: WABASH NATIONAL CORPORATION
Assigned to WABASH NATIONAL CORPORATION reassignment WABASH NATIONAL CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: EHRLICH, DONALD J., EHRLICH, RODNEY P., LEWALLEN, WILFRED E.
Publication of US20010011832A1 publication Critical patent/US20010011832A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E04C2/292—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and sheet metal
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/02—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient
    • A61B3/024—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient for determining the visual field, e.g. perimeter types
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/20—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of indefinite length
    • B29C44/32—Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. linings, inserts or reinforcements
    • B29C44/321—Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. linings, inserts or reinforcements the preformed part being a lining, e.g. a film or a support lining
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/20—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of indefinite length
    • B29C44/32—Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. linings, inserts or reinforcements
    • B29C44/326—Joining the preformed parts, e.g. to make flat or profiled sandwich laminates

Definitions

  • This invention is generally directed to a novel composite plate for a trailer wall construction or a trailer door construction. More particularly, the invention contemplates a novel composite plate that has a foamed thermal plastic core which provides a variety of advantages over prior art solid core composite plates.
  • Composite plates having solid plastic cores for use in forming trailer walls or doors are known in the art. Such composite plates are formed from a pair of metal skins, formed of aluminum or steel, having a solid plastic core member, formed of polyethylene or polypropylene, sandwiched therebetween.
  • a solid plastic core member formed of polyethylene or polypropylene, sandwiched therebetween.
  • Solid core composite plates tend to have low peel strength. That is, the metal skins peel away from the plastic core with small force. Furthermore, with the prior art solid core member, a high shear stress is obtained as the plastic core material changes temperature and if the shear stress gets too high, then the metal skins can delaminate from the solid plastic core member.
  • the present invention provides a novel composite plate having a foamed thermal plastic core member that is used in a trailer wall construction or a trailer door construction which overcomes the disadvantages of using a prior art solid plastic core member in a composite plate.
  • a general object of the present invention is to provide a novel composite plate having a foamed thermal plastic core member which forms a wall or a door of a vehicle, such as a trailer.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a novel composite plate for a trailer wall or door construction having a foamed thermal plastic core member which reduces the weight of the plate versus prior art solid core composite plates.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel composite plate for a trailer wall or door construction having a foamed thermal plastic core member which increases the peel strength of the plate versus prior art solid core composite plates.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a composite plate for a trailer wall or door construction which reduces the shear stress of the skin to core bond layer so as to reduce the potential of delamination of the metal skins from the thermal plastic core member under changing temperatures.
  • the present invention discloses a novel composite plate which is used to form a wall or a door of a vehicle, such as a trailer or van.
  • Each composite plate used in the trailer is formed from a pair of metal skins, such as aluminum or steel, having a foamed thermal plastic core member sandwiched therebetween.
  • the skins are bonded to the core member by a known flexible adhesive layer.
  • the foamed thermal plastic core member is resilient and may be made from foamed high density thermal plastic, such as polyethylene or polypropylene, or foamed low density thermal plastic, such as polyethylene or polypropylene, or other foamed thermal plastic.
  • foaming beads or pellets are first mixed with thermal plastic resin beads or pellets by means of an auger in a mixing chamber.
  • the foaming pellets have a gas therein.
  • the mixed pellets are subjected to heat in a hot die chamber and the foaming pellets burst and produce carbon dioxide or nitrogen to foam the mixture.
  • the mixture is extruded into a layer by an extruder to form the foamed core member.
  • a layer of flexible adhesive is preferably applied to the inner surface of the skins by suitable means, the layer of flexible adhesive can be applied to the opposite sides of the foamed thermal plastic core member by like suitable means, an adhesive film can be co-extruded on both sides of the core member and laminated to the core member immediately, or the surfaces of the core member can be treated to become the adhesive bonding layer such that the skins can be directly bonded thereto. Thereafter, the metal skins are adhered to the core member by means of the flexible adhesive layer under pressure. This process may be continuous.
  • foaming the core member may be provided such as by injecting nitrogen into a heating chamber in which the thermal plastic resin pellets are being heated and are in a molten state and thereafter extruding the foamed core material into a core member, or by using both the nitrogen producing beads or pellets and the direct injection of nitrogen gas into a heating chamber in which the thermal plastic resin pellets and the nitrogen producing pellets are being heated.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a trailer having a plurality of composite plates which incorporate the features of the invention and which form the walls and the rear doors thereof;
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of one of the plates of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an apparatus for forming one of the plates of FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the present invention discloses a novel composite plate 20 for use in a wall or door construction of a vehicle, such as a trailer 22 , as shown in FIG. 1, van or the like.
  • the trailer 22 is generally comprised of a floor 24 , a roof 26 , a front wall 28 , a pair of opposite side walls 30 (only one of which is shown), rear cargo doors 32 , a landing gear 34 , and an undercarriage assembly 36 .
  • the trailer 22 is connected to a tractor 38 by conventional means, such as a fifth wheel.
  • Each side wall 30 and the front wall 28 of the trailer 22 is formed from a plurality of the novel composite plates 20 of the present invention which are fastened together by suitable means such as by riveting.
  • each composite plate 20 is rectangular having a height greater than its width.
  • the composite plates 20 can be relatively equal in size or the width and thickness of each plate 20 may vary.
  • each composite plate 20 is connected to the floor 24 and extends upwardly therefrom and is attached to upper and lower rails of the trailer 20 by suitable joining members, such as bolts or rivets.
  • outer composite plates 20 are connected to the respective side walls 30 of the trailer 22 by hinges. When closed the doors 32 extend upwardly from the floor 24 .
  • each side wall 30 and the front wall 28 of the trailer 22 may be formed from one such continuous plate 20 .
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross-section of one of the novel composite plates 20 used in the construction of the trailer walls 28 , 30 and/or doors 32 .
  • the composite plate 20 includes a pair of metal sheets or skins 40 , 42 which are bonded to a foamed thermal plastic core member 44 , described more fully herein, which is sandwiched therebetween by a thin adhesive layer 46 (such thickness of the adhesive layer has been exaggerated in the drawings for clarity in understanding the invention).
  • the skins 40 , 42 are bonded to the foamed thermal plastic core member 44 by means of a known flexible adhesive bonding film 46 .
  • Skin 40 forms an inner surface of the trailer 22 and skin 42 forms an outer surface of the trailer 22 .
  • the metal skins 40 , 42 used in the composite plate 20 of the present invention are preferably formed of aluminum or full hard, high strength, high tension, galvanized steel.
  • the each of the skins 40 , 42 are formed from galvanized steel and preferably, the inner skin 40 is over nineteen thousandths of an inch in thickness and the outer skin 42 is over nineteen thousandths of an inch in thickness.
  • the core member 44 is formed from a foamed thermal plastic, preferably foamed high density polyethylene (HDPE) or high density polypropylene, which makes the core member 44 resilient. That is, the core member 44 can flex without breaking. As shown in FIG. 2, the core member 44 includes a plurality of air bubbles 48 interspersed with the thermal plastic material 50 . It has been found that molecular integrity of the core member 44 is not lost by the foaming of the core member 44 and peel strength is increased versus prior art composite plates which use a solid core member. That is, it takes a greater force to peel the metal skins 40 , 42 from the foamed thermal plastic core member 44 than in prior art solid core composite plates. This is described more fully herein.
  • foamed thermal plastic preferably foamed high density polyethylene (HDPE) or high density polypropylene
  • the foaming of the core member 44 lowers the density of the thermal plastic and improves the strength to weight ratio thereof.
  • the core member 44 may be made from foamed low density thermal plastic, such as foamed low density polyethylene or low density polypropylene. Low density thermal plastic will foam and produce a resilient core member, however, the resulting composite plate is not as stiff as when foamed high density thermal plastic is used in the composite plate.
  • foamed high density thermal plastic is used as the core member in the composite plate
  • the composite plate is approximately twice as stiff as when a foamed low density thermal plastic is used as the core member in the composite plate.
  • the core member 44 preferably has a thickness of one half of an inch or less.
  • the core member 44 used in the present invention is thinner than prior art solid cores which are mush thicker, typically three quarters of an inch to four inches.
  • the foaming of the core member 44 reduces the weight of the composite plate 22 versus prior art solid core composite plates. Because the core member 44 is foamed in the present invention and is not solid as in prior art composite plates, the amount of plastic resin used in formation of the core member 44 is reduced by up to 50% versus prior art solid core composite plates.
  • the foaming of the thermal plastic core member 44 also increases the peel strength of the resulting composite plate 20 .
  • the composite plate 22 is subjected to peel forces, that is, the skins 40 , 42 are grasped opposite of each other and the skins 40 , 42 are peeled away from the core member 44 , the entire core member 44 flexes because the foamed core material is resilient and the peel force is along the length of the core member 44 . Because the core member 44 is resilient and flexes, this allows for more of the core member 44 to be loaded during application of peel forces.
  • solid core members are provided in composite plates and therefore, the peel strength is low; especially compared to the present invention because the solid core composite plate are not as resilient.
  • peel force only is applied at a narrow line of the skin to crack the skin away from the solid core member.
  • peel strength was measured by means of a peel test.
  • the metal skins 40 , 42 were grasped opposite of each other and the force required to peel the skins 40 , 42 from the core member 44 was measured. It was found that an increase in peel strength is obtained with the resilient foamed core member 44 of the present invention versus a solid core member as used in the prior art. This means that in the present invention, the skins 40 , 42 are less likely to delaminate from the resilient core member 44 upon impact or because of abuse.
  • the foamed thermal plastic core member 44 will still expand or contract faster than the metal skins 40 , 42 , however, the foamed thermal plastic core member 44 compresses or expands thereby neutralizing this faster expansion or contraction such that the foamed thermal plastic core member 44 expands or contracts at approximately the same rate as the metal skins 40 , 42 and lower shear stresses result at the adhesive face.
  • foaming beads or pellets 52 are first mixed with thermal plastic resin beads or pellets 54 by means of an auger 56 in a mixing chamber 58 .
  • the foaming pellets 52 have a gas therein.
  • the mixed pellets 54 , 56 are subjected to heat in a hot die chamber 60 and the foaming pellets 56 burst and produce carbon dioxide or nitrogen to foam the mixture.
  • the mixture is extruded into a layer by an extruder 62 to form the foamed core member 44 .
  • a layer of flexible adhesive 46 is preferably applied to the inner surface of the skins 40 , 42 by suitable means 64 , as shown, the layer of flexible adhesive 46 can be applied to the opposite sides of the foamed thermal plastic core member 44 by like suitable means, an adhesive layer of film 46 can be co-extruded on both sides of the core member 44 and laminated to the core member 44 immediately, or the outer surfaces of the core member 44 can be treated to become the adhesive bonding layer 46 such that the skins 40 , 42 can be directly bonded thereto. Thereafter, the metal skins 40 , 42 are adhered to the core member 44 by means of the flexible adhesive layer 46 under pressure. It is to be noted that the more gas that is used during the heating step, the more reduction in core material is ultimately achieved. This process may be continuous.
  • foaming the core member 44 may be provided such as by injecting nitrogen into a heating chamber in which the thermal plastic resin pellets 54 are being heated and are in a molten state (without the foaming pellets 52 being mixed therewith) and thereafter extruding the foamed core material into a core member 44 , or by using both the foaming pellets 52 and the direct injection of nitrogen gas into a heating chamber (shown via conduit 61 shown in phantom lines in FIG. 3) in which both the thermal plastic resin pellets 54 and the foaming pellets 52 are being heated.

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Abstract

A novel composite plate is used to form a wall or a door of a vehicle, such as a trailer or van. Each composite plate used in the trailer is formed from a pair of metal skins, such as aluminum or steel, having a foamed thermal plastic core member sandwiched therebetween. The skins are bonded to the core member by a known flexible adhesive. The foamed thermal plastic core member is resilient and may be made from foamed high density or foamed low density thermal plastic. The foaming of the core member in the present invention reduces the weight of the composite plate versus prior art solid plastic core composite plates and provides for an increased the peel strength of the composite plate versus prior art solid plastic core composite plates. Furthermore, foaming of the thermal plastic core member in the present invention reduces the shear stress of the skin to core bond layer so as to reduce the potential of delamination of the metal skins from the thermal plastic core member under changing temperatures which has been found to be a problem with solid core composite plates.

Description

  • This application claims the priority of provisional application Ser. No. 60/057,722, filed on Aug. 28, 1997, entitled “Foamed Core Composite Plate For Use In Trailer Walls And Doors”. [0001]
    • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • This invention is generally directed to a novel composite plate for a trailer wall construction or a trailer door construction. More particularly, the invention contemplates a novel composite plate that has a foamed thermal plastic core which provides a variety of advantages over prior art solid core composite plates. [0002]
  • Composite plates having solid plastic cores for use in forming trailer walls or doors are known in the art. Such composite plates are formed from a pair of metal skins, formed of aluminum or steel, having a solid plastic core member, formed of polyethylene or polypropylene, sandwiched therebetween. The use of a solid plastic core member in a composite plate has worked reliably in the prior art, however, several disadvantages have been found. [0003]
  • Solid core composite plates tend to have low peel strength. That is, the metal skins peel away from the plastic core with small force. Furthermore, with the prior art solid core member, a high shear stress is obtained as the plastic core material changes temperature and if the shear stress gets too high, then the metal skins can delaminate from the solid plastic core member. [0004]
  • The present invention provides a novel composite plate having a foamed thermal plastic core member that is used in a trailer wall construction or a trailer door construction which overcomes the disadvantages of using a prior art solid plastic core member in a composite plate. Other features and advantages will become apparent upon a reading of the objects and description taken in combination with a study of the drawings. [0005]
    • OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • A general object of the present invention is to provide a novel composite plate having a foamed thermal plastic core member which forms a wall or a door of a vehicle, such as a trailer. [0006]
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a novel composite plate for a trailer wall or door construction having a foamed thermal plastic core member which reduces the weight of the plate versus prior art solid core composite plates. [0007]
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel composite plate for a trailer wall or door construction having a foamed thermal plastic core member which increases the peel strength of the plate versus prior art solid core composite plates. [0008]
  • A further object of the present invention is to provide a composite plate for a trailer wall or door construction which reduces the shear stress of the skin to core bond layer so as to reduce the potential of delamination of the metal skins from the thermal plastic core member under changing temperatures. [0009]
  • Briefly, and in accordance with the foregoing, the present invention discloses a novel composite plate which is used to form a wall or a door of a vehicle, such as a trailer or van. Each composite plate used in the trailer is formed from a pair of metal skins, such as aluminum or steel, having a foamed thermal plastic core member sandwiched therebetween. The skins are bonded to the core member by a known flexible adhesive layer. The foamed thermal plastic core member is resilient and may be made from foamed high density thermal plastic, such as polyethylene or polypropylene, or foamed low density thermal plastic, such as polyethylene or polypropylene, or other foamed thermal plastic. [0010]
  • To make the foamed core member used in the present invention, foaming beads or pellets are first mixed with thermal plastic resin beads or pellets by means of an auger in a mixing chamber. The foaming pellets have a gas therein. The mixed pellets are subjected to heat in a hot die chamber and the foaming pellets burst and produce carbon dioxide or nitrogen to foam the mixture. The mixture is extruded into a layer by an extruder to form the foamed core member. Thereafter, a layer of flexible adhesive is preferably applied to the inner surface of the skins by suitable means, the layer of flexible adhesive can be applied to the opposite sides of the foamed thermal plastic core member by like suitable means, an adhesive film can be co-extruded on both sides of the core member and laminated to the core member immediately, or the surfaces of the core member can be treated to become the adhesive bonding layer such that the skins can be directly bonded thereto. Thereafter, the metal skins are adhered to the core member by means of the flexible adhesive layer under pressure. This process may be continuous. It is envisioned that other means of foaming the core member may be provided such as by injecting nitrogen into a heating chamber in which the thermal plastic resin pellets are being heated and are in a molten state and thereafter extruding the foamed core material into a core member, or by using both the nitrogen producing beads or pellets and the direct injection of nitrogen gas into a heating chamber in which the thermal plastic resin pellets and the nitrogen producing pellets are being heated. [0011]
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • The organization and manner of the structure and operation of the invention, together with further objects and advantages thereof, may best be understood by reference to the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals identify like elements in which: [0012]
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a trailer having a plurality of composite plates which incorporate the features of the invention and which form the walls and the rear doors thereof; [0013]
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of one of the plates of FIG. 1; and [0014]
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an apparatus for forming one of the plates of FIGS. 1 and 2. [0015]
    • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
  • While the invention may be susceptible to embodiment in different forms, there is shown in the drawings, and herein will be described in detail, a specific embodiment with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered an exemplification of the principles of the invention, and is not intended to limit the invention to that as illustrated and described herein. [0016]
  • The present invention discloses a novel [0017] composite plate 20 for use in a wall or door construction of a vehicle, such as a trailer 22, as shown in FIG. 1, van or the like. The trailer 22 is generally comprised of a floor 24, a roof 26, a front wall 28, a pair of opposite side walls 30 (only one of which is shown), rear cargo doors 32, a landing gear 34, and an undercarriage assembly 36. As shown in FIG. 1, the trailer 22 is connected to a tractor 38 by conventional means, such as a fifth wheel.
  • Each [0018] side wall 30 and the front wall 28 of the trailer 22 is formed from a plurality of the novel composite plates 20 of the present invention which are fastened together by suitable means such as by riveting. Preferably, each composite plate 20 is rectangular having a height greater than its width. The composite plates 20 can be relatively equal in size or the width and thickness of each plate 20 may vary. When composite plates 20 are used in the construction of the side walls 30 and the front wall 28, each composite plate 20 is connected to the floor 24 and extends upwardly therefrom and is attached to upper and lower rails of the trailer 20 by suitable joining members, such as bolts or rivets. When composite plates 20 are used in the construction of the rear doors 32, outer composite plates 20 are connected to the respective side walls 30 of the trailer 22 by hinges. When closed the doors 32 extend upwardly from the floor 24. Alternatively, each side wall 30 and the front wall 28 of the trailer 22 may be formed from one such continuous plate 20.
  • Attention is directed to FIG. 2 which shows a cross-section of one of the [0019] novel composite plates 20 used in the construction of the trailer walls 28, 30 and/or doors 32. The composite plate 20 includes a pair of metal sheets or skins 40, 42 which are bonded to a foamed thermal plastic core member 44, described more fully herein, which is sandwiched therebetween by a thin adhesive layer 46 (such thickness of the adhesive layer has been exaggerated in the drawings for clarity in understanding the invention). The skins 40, 42 are bonded to the foamed thermal plastic core member 44 by means of a known flexible adhesive bonding film 46. Skin 40 forms an inner surface of the trailer 22 and skin 42 forms an outer surface of the trailer 22.
  • The [0020] metal skins 40, 42 used in the composite plate 20 of the present invention are preferably formed of aluminum or full hard, high strength, high tension, galvanized steel. Preferably, the each of the skins 40, 42 are formed from galvanized steel and preferably, the inner skin 40 is over nineteen thousandths of an inch in thickness and the outer skin 42 is over nineteen thousandths of an inch in thickness.
  • The [0021] core member 44 is formed from a foamed thermal plastic, preferably foamed high density polyethylene (HDPE) or high density polypropylene, which makes the core member 44 resilient. That is, the core member 44 can flex without breaking. As shown in FIG. 2, the core member 44 includes a plurality of air bubbles 48 interspersed with the thermal plastic material 50. It has been found that molecular integrity of the core member 44 is not lost by the foaming of the core member 44 and peel strength is increased versus prior art composite plates which use a solid core member. That is, it takes a greater force to peel the metal skins 40, 42 from the foamed thermal plastic core member 44 than in prior art solid core composite plates. This is described more fully herein. The foaming of the core member 44 lowers the density of the thermal plastic and improves the strength to weight ratio thereof. Alternatively, the core member 44 may be made from foamed low density thermal plastic, such as foamed low density polyethylene or low density polypropylene. Low density thermal plastic will foam and produce a resilient core member, however, the resulting composite plate is not as stiff as when foamed high density thermal plastic is used in the composite plate. When foamed high density thermal plastic is used as the core member in the composite plate, the composite plate is approximately twice as stiff as when a foamed low density thermal plastic is used as the core member in the composite plate.
  • The [0022] core member 44 preferably has a thickness of one half of an inch or less. The core member 44 used in the present invention is thinner than prior art solid cores which are mush thicker, typically three quarters of an inch to four inches.
  • The foaming of the [0023] core member 44 reduces the weight of the composite plate 22 versus prior art solid core composite plates. Because the core member 44 is foamed in the present invention and is not solid as in prior art composite plates, the amount of plastic resin used in formation of the core member 44 is reduced by up to 50% versus prior art solid core composite plates.
  • As mentioned herein, the foaming of the thermal [0024] plastic core member 44 also increases the peel strength of the resulting composite plate 20. When the composite plate 22 is subjected to peel forces, that is, the skins 40, 42 are grasped opposite of each other and the skins 40, 42 are peeled away from the core member 44, the entire core member 44 flexes because the foamed core material is resilient and the peel force is along the length of the core member 44. Because the core member 44 is resilient and flexes, this allows for more of the core member 44 to be loaded during application of peel forces. In the prior art, solid core members are provided in composite plates and therefore, the peel strength is low; especially compared to the present invention because the solid core composite plate are not as resilient. When a solid core member is used in a composite plate as is used in the prior art, to peel a skin from the core member, peel force only is applied at a narrow line of the skin to crack the skin away from the solid core member.
  • In the present invention, peel strength was measured by means of a peel test. The metal skins [0025] 40, 42 were grasped opposite of each other and the force required to peel the skins 40, 42 from the core member 44 was measured. It was found that an increase in peel strength is obtained with the resilient foamed core member 44 of the present invention versus a solid core member as used in the prior art. This means that in the present invention, the skins 40, 42 are less likely to delaminate from the resilient core member 44 upon impact or because of abuse.
  • In prior art solid core composite plates, a high shear stress is obtained between the metal skins and the solid plastic core member as the composite plate temperature changes. If shear stress gets too high, then the metal skins can delaminate from the core member. The plastic core member expands or contracts fastener than the metal skins, however, the metal skins will restrict this expansion when they are bonded to the core member, but high shear stresses result at the adhesive face. In the present invention, because the [0026] core material 44 is foamed, lower shear stresses of the skin to core bond layer result as temperature is changed because the foamed core member can be compressed or expanded because of the cell structure so as to reduce the potential of delamination of the metal skins 40, 42 from the thermal plastic core member 44. Thus, the foamed thermal plastic core member 44 will still expand or contract faster than the metal skins 40, 42, however, the foamed thermal plastic core member 44 compresses or expands thereby neutralizing this faster expansion or contraction such that the foamed thermal plastic core member 44 expands or contracts at approximately the same rate as the metal skins 40, 42 and lower shear stresses result at the adhesive face.
  • To make the foamed [0027] core member 44 used in the present invention, as shown in FIG. 3, foaming beads or pellets 52 are first mixed with thermal plastic resin beads or pellets 54 by means of an auger 56 in a mixing chamber 58. The foaming pellets 52 have a gas therein. The mixed pellets 54, 56 are subjected to heat in a hot die chamber 60 and the foaming pellets 56 burst and produce carbon dioxide or nitrogen to foam the mixture. The mixture is extruded into a layer by an extruder 62 to form the foamed core member 44. Thereafter, a layer of flexible adhesive 46 is preferably applied to the inner surface of the skins 40, 42 by suitable means 64, as shown, the layer of flexible adhesive 46 can be applied to the opposite sides of the foamed thermal plastic core member 44 by like suitable means, an adhesive layer of film 46 can be co-extruded on both sides of the core member 44 and laminated to the core member 44 immediately, or the outer surfaces of the core member 44 can be treated to become the adhesive bonding layer 46 such that the skins 40, 42 can be directly bonded thereto. Thereafter, the metal skins 40, 42 are adhered to the core member 44 by means of the flexible adhesive layer 46 under pressure. It is to be noted that the more gas that is used during the heating step, the more reduction in core material is ultimately achieved. This process may be continuous.
  • It is envisioned that other means of foaming the [0028] core member 44 may be provided such as by injecting nitrogen into a heating chamber in which the thermal plastic resin pellets 54 are being heated and are in a molten state (without the foaming pellets 52 being mixed therewith) and thereafter extruding the foamed core material into a core member 44, or by using both the foaming pellets 52 and the direct injection of nitrogen gas into a heating chamber (shown via conduit 61 shown in phantom lines in FIG. 3) in which both the thermal plastic resin pellets 54 and the foaming pellets 52 are being heated.
  • While a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown and described, it is envisioned that those skilled in the art may devise various modifications of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims. [0029]

Claims (36)

The invention claimed is:
1. A trailer comprising: a floor and at least one upstanding member extending upwardly from said floor, said upstanding member including a pair of skins having a foamed thermal plastic core member sandwiched therebetween.
2. A trailer as defined in
claim 1
, wherein said foamed thermal plastic core member is resilient.
3. A trailer as defined in
claim 1
, wherein said foamed thermal plastic core member is made from foamed high density thermal plastic.
4. A trailer as defined in
claim 3
, wherein said foamed high density thermal plastic is foamed high density polyethylene or high density polypropylene.
5. A trailer as defined in
claim 1
, wherein said foamed plastic core member is made from foamed low thermal plastic.
6. A trailer as defined in
claim 5
, wherein said foamed low density thermal plastic is foamed low density polyethylene or low density polypropylene.
7. A trailer as defined in
claim 1
, wherein said upstanding member is a side wall or a front wall of said trailer.
8. A trailer as defined in
claim 1
, wherein said upstanding member is a door of said trailer.
9. A trailer as defined in
claim 1
, wherein said skins are formed from metal.
10. A trailer as defined in
claim 1
, wherein said skins are bonded to said core member by a flexible adhesive.
11. A trailer as defined in
claim 1
, wherein said upstanding member is formed by mixing thermal plastic resin pellets and gas pellets; applying heat to said mixed pellets and extruding said heated mixture.
12. A trailer as defined in
claim 1
, wherein said upstanding member is formed by applying heat to thermal plastic resin pellets in a heating chamber; injecting nitrogen into said heating chamber, thereby forming a foamed mixture; and extruding said foamed mixture from said heating chamber.
13. A trailer as defined in
claim 1
, wherein said upstanding member is formed by mixing thermal plastic resin pellets and gas pellets; applying heat to said mixed pellets in a heating chamber; injecting nitrogen into said heating chamber, thereby forming a foamed mixture; and extruding said foamed mixture from said heating chamber.
14. A trailer as defined in
claim 1
, wherein said thermal plastic core member has a thickness of one half of an inch or less.
15. A method of forming a wall or a door of a trailer comprising the steps of: mixing thermal plastic resin pellets and gas pellets together; applying heat to said mixed pellets; extruding said heated mixture into a core member; and bonding skins to opposite sides of said core member.
16. A method as defined in
claim 15
, further including the step of applying a flexible adhesive to inner surfaces of said skins or to opposite sides of said core member prior to bonding said skins to said opposite sides of said core member.
17. A method of forming a wall or a door of a trailer comprising the steps of: applying heat to thermal plastic resin pellets in a heating chamber; injecting nitrogen into said heating chamber, thereby forming a foamed mixture; extruding said foamed mixture from said heating chamber into a core member; and bonding skins to opposite sides of said core member.
18. A method as defined in
claim 17
, further including the step of applying a flexible adhesive to inner surfaces of said skins or to opposite sides of said core member prior to bonding said skins to said opposite sides of said core member.
19. A method of forming a wall or a door of a trailer comprising the steps of: mixing thermal plastic resin pellets and gas pellets together; applying heat to said mixed pellets in a heating chamber; injecting nitrogen into said heating chamber, thereby forming a foamed mixture; extruding said foamed mixture from said heating chamber into a core member; and bonding skins to opposite sides of said core member.
20. A method as defined in
claim 19
, further including the step of applying a flexible adhesive to inner surfaces of said skins or to opposite sides of said core member prior to bonding said skins to said opposite sides of said core member.
21. A wall for use in a trailer comprising: a member including a pair of skins having a foamed thermal plastic core member sandwiched therebetween.
22. A wall as defined in
claim 21
, wherein said foamed thermal plastic core member is made from foamed high density thermal plastic.
23. A wall as defined in
claim 22
, wherein said foamed high density thermal plastic is foamed high density polyethylene or high density polypropylene.
24. A wall as defined in
claim 21
, wherein said foamed thermal plastic core member is made from foamed low density thermal plastic.
25. A wall as defined in
claim 24
, wherein said foamed low density thermal plastic is foamed low density polyethylene or low density polypropylene.
26. A wall as defined in
claim 21
, wherein said skins are formed from metal.
27. A wall as defined in
claim 21
, wherein said skins are bonded to said core member by a flexible adhesive.
28. A wall as defined in
claim 21
, wherein said thermal plastic core member has a thickness of one half of an inch or less.
29. A door for use in a trailer comprising: a member including a pair of skins having a foamed thermal plastic core member sandwiched therebetween.
30. A door as defined in
claim 29
, wherein said foamed thermal plastic core member is made from foamed high density thermal plastic.
31. A door as defined in
claim 30
, wherein said foamed high density thermal plastic is foamed high density polyethylene or high density polypropylene.
32. A door as defined in
claim 29
, wherein said foamed thermal plastic core member is made from foamed low density thermal plastic.
33. A door as defined in
claim 32
, wherein said foamed low density thermal plastic is foamed low density polyethylene or low density polypropylene.
34. A door as defined in
claim 29
, wherein said skins are formed from metal.
35. A door as defined in
claim 29
, wherein said skins are bonded to said core member by a flexible adhesive.
36. A door as defined in
claim 1
, wherein said thermal plastic core member has a thickness of one half of an inch or less.
US09/812,093 1997-08-28 2001-03-19 Foamed core composite plate for use in trailer walls and doors Abandoned US20010011832A1 (en)

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US5772297P 1997-08-28 1997-08-28
US08/942,172 US5883692A (en) 1997-10-01 1997-10-01 Visual field measurement apparatus
US09/812,093 US20010011832A1 (en) 1997-08-28 2001-03-19 Foamed core composite plate for use in trailer walls and doors

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US08/942,172 Continuation US5883692A (en) 1997-08-28 1997-10-01 Visual field measurement apparatus

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US09/812,093 Abandoned US20010011832A1 (en) 1997-08-28 2001-03-19 Foamed core composite plate for use in trailer walls and doors

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