US2094484A - Milling machine - Google Patents

Description

p 1937- -A.\ F. BENNETT 2,094,484

.- MILLING MACHINE Filed May 7, 1956 s Sheets-Sheet 1 \1 Q Q h w 0 N i N r Inventor Min/e55 6 M m 2 M '4 A. F. BENNETT MILLING MACHINE Sept. 28, 1937.

Filed May 7, 1956 3' sheets-shed! 2 Sept 1937- A. BENNETT 2,094,484

I I MILLING MACHINE Filed May 7, 1936 3 Sheets-Sheet; s

82 24 Fig 6 26 44 I 2 REGULAR MILLING Patented Sept. 28, 1937 "PATENT" OFFICE NIILLING MACHINE Arthur F. Bennett, West Barrington, R. I.,. assignor to Brown & Sharpe Manufacturing Company, a corporation of Rhode Island Application May 7, 1936, Serial No. 78,391

12 Claims.

The present invention relates to improvements in milling or similar machines, and more particularly to machines of this general description having a work supporting assembly including a longitudinally movable work table and a number of subsidiary supports movable in a diversity of paths including one such support movable longitudinally or in the direction of table travel.

It is a principal object of the invention toprovide in a machine of this general description, a system of power driving connections which may be readily controlled by the operator to secure an automatic or semi-automatic operation of the machine for a wide range of operating conditions, and particularly for the performance of a'number of new and useful operations not heretofore performed on machines of this general description.

With this and other objects in view as may hereinafter appear, a principal feature of the invention consists in the provision of driving connections for the machine including a prime mover, a transmission train including a reverser for the table, a transmission train including a'separate reverser for the secondary support above referred to, and means for selectively connecting the table transmission train directly to the prime mover or under the'control of the reverser for the secondary support, and thereby to secure a direct control of. the direction of movement of both supports at a net rate of feed which may be either the sum or the difference of the feeding rates of each support.

Another feature of the invention consists in the combination in a universal milling machine,.of a

work supporting assembly including a longitudinally reciprocable work table, a secondary slide support movable in substantially the same direction, and a swivel mounting-for the work table carried on said secondary, support about which the work' table may. be canted on a horizontal axis,..together with driving connections comprising a table transmission train. having a reverser, actuating connections controlled thereby for a driving a spiral head attachment; driving connections including a separate reverser for the secondary support, and means for connecting the normally independent driving connections above described for the spiralhead attachment inseries with the transmissiontrain including the rever-ser for the secondary support above set forth for taper spiral'milling'and similar operations.

The several features of the invention consist also in the devices, combinations. and arrange- 'me1it of parts hereinafter described and claimed,

which together with the advantages to be obtained thereby, will be readily understood by one skilled in the art from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a View in front elevation of a universal milling machine embodying the several features of the invention; Fig. 2 is an enlarged View partly in section of portions of the machine shown in Fig. 1, and with parts broken away or sectionedto illustrate particularly the driving connections for the table and'knee rail; Fig. 3 is a detail sectional view taken on the line 3- 3 of Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a detail sectional plan View taken on the line 4-4 of Fig. 1, to illustrate particularly the'construction of the table screw looking clutch; Fig. 5 is a detail sectional view taken on the line '.i-5 of Fig.2, to illustrate particularly the construction of the trip bar and limit stop screw thereon for disconnecting the knee rail feed; Fig. 6 is a sectional View taken on the line li-6 of Fig. 2, to illustrate particularly certain features of construction and certain of the driving connections for the work supporting assembly; Fig. '7 is a developed sectional View of certain of the driving connections including the knee rail reverserv and the connections for selectively rendering the table reverser independent of or supplemental to the kneerail reverser; Fig. 8

is a somewhat diagrammatic view illustrating the positions of the gearing connections illustrated in Fig. 7 when set up for the independent operation of the table and knee rail feeds; Fig. 9

is a View similar to .Fig. 8, illustrating the gear connections in an alternative position in which the table transmission train is supplemental to and is controlled through the knee rail reverser;

and Fig. 10 is an enlarged detail view in front elevation of the manually operable selecting lever for determining the position of the selecting gear connections in'the table and knee rail transmission trains above referred to.

The'machine disclosed in the drawings as illus- .trating in a preferred form the several features of the present invention, is a universal milling machine which is. similar in'many respects to that more fully described and illustrated in the patent to Graves and Gigger No. 1,932,546, dated October 31, 1933.

I with a work supporting table 24 mounted to slide on ways 26 formed on a swivel mountingi28 which forms part of a saddle 36 which is mounted for forward and back movements transversely of the table travel on ways 32 carried on the knee. The knee unit of the universal milling machine herein disclosed, is built up of three relatively movable supports comprising a vertically movable knee member 34 arranged to slide in verti-l cal ways formed on'the'front side of the machine ranged to swing about an axis generally indicated at 46 to permit longitudinal canting movements of the saddle and table assembly about this point. The swivel knee member 38 Bin turn carried on a knee rail 42 which is mounted on longitudinally extending ways 44 formed on the vertically adjustable knee member 34 to provide for longitudinal reciprocating movements of theentire assembly including the table, saddle and knee swivel member 38.

As pointed out in the patent above referred to, the provision for multiple adjustment of the table position to any desired angle with relation to a predetermined planeof movement of the entire work supporting assembly past the cutter spindle, permits of. a very rapid and efiicient positioning of the work for operation thereon in any desired plane without the necessity of special jigs or time consuming labor in properly setting up the work.

The power driving connections employed to impart the required positioning movements to the work with relation to a rotary cutting tool car- 'ried on the spindle 22, comprise a main drivin element which may be driven through a conventional rate changing mechanism for imparting the desired feed rate to the work, a power transmission train including a'reverser of ordinary description for driving the table, and a' similar power transmission train including a reverser for imparting feeding movements to the knee rail 42.

The table driving connections as best shown in Figs. 2 and 6, comprise a table screw 46 rotatablymounted in bearings formed in the under side of the table, and a cooperating nut 48 supported against axial movement in a bushing 50 i forming a part of the swivel saddle support 28. Rotational movements are imparted to the screw ,46 through connections including a reversing clutch member 52 splined to the screw 45, and

arranged for'engagement alternatively with cooperating clutch faces formed on two oppositely driven bevel gears 54 and 56, which are supported external sleeve bearings formed on the swivel saddle member 28 concentrically with the screw 7 46, and aredriven by means of a cooperating bevel gear 58 secured to the upper end of a ver-, ltical drive .60 which extends downwardly through the axis of the swivel support and saddle 38. At its lower end the shaft 60 is provided with a bevel gear 62 which is arranged to mesh with a corresponding gear 64 splined to a transversely extending drive shaft 66 supported along the axis of rotation of the swivel knee member 38. In order to maintain the gear 64 in mesh with the gear 62, the gear "64 is provided with a sleeve hub. 68 which is externally supported in a bearing formed in a downwardly extending bracket 10 forming part of the saddle 30. The transversely extending drive shaft 66 is in turn driven through connections which include a bevel gear '12 formed in the rearward endof the drive shaft and a 'co-' operating bevel gear l3 ,splined to turn=with and to slide axially with relation to a longitudinally extending shaft 14 mounted in the vertically adjustable knee 34.

The position of the table reverser 52 is controlled through connections (see Figs. 1 and 6) which comprise a forwardly extending clutch shaft 17 which is rotatably supported in bearings formed in the swivel saddle member 28, and is connected at its rear end by means of an eccentricpin to a clutch shoe [8 supported in an annular groove formed in the clutch member 52.

At its forward end the control shaft Tl carries ported in a track 82 formed in the front side of V the table, and cooperatingwith two vertically extending pins 83 and 84 which have formed thereon rack teeth arranged to mesh with a gear 85 on the clutch shaft 'l'l.

The table driving connections above described, are readily adapted for driving any one of the usual attachments which may be carried on the work table 24 of the machine, as for instance, the usual spiral head illustrated in the drawings. In order that the table screw 16 may be utilized for this purpose without at the same time causing any movement of the table 24,'the nut 48 above referred to, has splined to the external pe-- riphery thereof, a clutch member 8 'which may be engaged alternatively with a stationary clutch member '81 to lock the nut 48 in stationary position, and thereby to cause an axial movement of the table to take place, or may be engaged with a freely rotatable but axially stationary clutch of a pin 89 formed on an adjacent'portion of the .swivel saddle support 28 with a peripheral groove 90 in the clutch member 88. The position of the clutch member 85 is controlled (see Fig. 4) by means of a manually operable lever arm 92 secured to the forward end of a rock shaft 94 which at its rear end carries an eccentric, pin 9% arranged for engagement with a peripheral groove 98in the clutch member 80. A spring-pressed detent I00 formed in the lever arm 92, operates to lock the lever 92 and clutch member 80 in either. one of two alternative operating positions as best shown in Figs. 1 and 4.

As best shown in Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings, the machine is fitted with a spiral head E02 of ordinary description, which is bolted in the usual manner to the work supporting table, and is driven from the'table feed screw 46 through a gear I04 secured to one end of the feed screw 46 which through the usual change speed and re- Longitudinal feeding movements areimparted to the kneerail 42 through connections which comprise a feed screw H0 which is supported. at each end in end thrust bearings in the knee member 34, and meshes with a cooperating nut H2 formed on the knee rail 42.

In accordance with the present invention, the drive shaft 14 of the table transmission train and the feed screw III) for imparting feeding movements to the knee rail 42, are driven through gear connections supported in a gear box I20, which are constructed and arranged, in connection with the several adjustable elements of the work supporting assembly above described, to adapt the machine for the performance in a new and more efiicient manner, of a number of operations not heretofore considered practicable for machines of this type. The driving connections referred to, comprise a drive shaft I22 which may be driven from any convenient source of power through a conventional rate changing mechanism for imparting the desired rate of feed to the work, and is to be considered as the prime mover in the power driving connections for the several supports comprising the work supporting assembly. As best shown in Figs. 3, 7, 8, and 9, the screw shaft Ilfi for driving the knee rail 42, is driven from the prime mover I22 through reversing clutch connections including a reversing clutch member I24 loosely mounted on a stub shaft I25 and arranged for axial movement into clutching engagement with corresponding clutch faces formed on each of two reversely driven gears I28 and I33. A gear I32 formed on the periphery of the clutch member I24, meshes with a gear 434 on the screw shaft I H] for driving the knee rail support 42. The gear I28 of the reversing clutch mechanism is driven directly from the prime mover I22 through a meshing gear I36 rigidly secured thereon. The gear I39 of the reversing clutch mechanism is constantly driven in a reverse direction from the prime mover I22 through gear connections comprising a sleeve gear member I38 loosely mounted to turn on a stub shaft I44, and having formed thereon a gear I42 meshing with the reversing gear I30 and a second gear I44 meshing with the driving gear I36 on the prime mover I22.

For controlling the position of the reversing clutch member I24 to disconnect the rail feed or to drive the knee rail member 42 in either direction, a clutch control lever I46 is rigidly secured to a short pivot post I48 extending downwardly into the gear casing I20, and has pivotally mounted thereon a clutch shifting yoke I50, which is arranged to engage the two sides of the gear I32 formed on the periphery of the clutch member I24. A manually operable hand lever I52 secured to the post I43 provides a convenient means for manually shifting the clutch. The clutch may also be controlled automatically to stop further movement of the knee rail support 42 to a limiting position in each direction, through connections comprising a. control rod I54 slidably mounted in the knee member. 34,

and connected at the righthand end as shown in Fig. 2, to a forward extension of the clutch lever arm I45. As best shown in FigsjZ and 5 of the drawings, stop dogs suchas I56, fitted ontoa T- shaped track I58 onthe control rod I54, and held adjustably in position by means of clamping bolts I64, are arrangedfor engagement with an abutting portion of the knee rail support 42 upon movement of the rail to the desired limiting position, thus causing the control rod I54 and clutch lever I46 controlled thereby, to be shifted in the corresponding direction to disconnect the clutch member I24.

movement ineither direction.

f In accordance with a principal feature of the invention, the table transmission gear train including the shaft 14, is arranged for two alternative modes of operation, namely, to be directly and continuously driven from the prime mover I22, or to be connected'for actuation from the knee rail feed reverser 124 and gear I32, in which latter case the'movement of the reverser I24 to start and stop and to determine the direction of movement of the knee rail will simultaneously operate to start and stop and to determine the direction of drive of the table transmission train above described. To this end a clutch gear I64 is splined onto the shaft 14, and is arranged to be moved axially to the right to the full line position shown in Fig. 7, and diagrammatically in Fig. 9, thus connecting the shaft 14 of the table transmission train under the control of the knee rail feed reverser I24, or to be moved alternatively to the left to the position shown in dot-and-dash lines in Fig. 7, and diagrammatically in Fig. 8, causing the clutch gear I64 to mesh with gear 444 on the shaft Mil, which in turn meshes with the driving gear 536 and the prime mover i32 for the independent operation of the table feed. As shown in the drawings, the position of the clutch gear N54 is conveniently controlled by means of a clutch yoke H56 which engages each side of the clutch gear H34, and forms part of the clutch control slide I68 carried on the inside of the casing 424. The position of the clutch slide I68 and clutch gear 454 is controlled by means of a manually operable detent mechanism which comprises a screw I'll! threaded into the slide 568 and arranged to project outwardly through a slot I12 formed in the gear casing I24. A sleeve member I14 is fitted over the head of the screw I14 and held in looking engagement with one of two recesses H8 in the casing I24 by means of a compression spring I18 coiled about the screw H4 between an enlarged head on the screw and the flange or collar forming the inner end of the sleeve detent member 114.

The universal milling machine constructed and arranged as above set forth, is well adapted for the performance of spiral taper milling. The machine as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, is set up for such an operation upon a taper spiral cutter generally shown at I38 in Fig. 1, supported at one end in the head stock I46 of the usual spiral head I92, and at its other end in a tail stock 582 bolted to the work table 24. Forth'is operation, the entire work's'upporting assemblyincluding thetable, saddle and'the swivel knee member 38 is canted about the axis of the swivel knee member 38, in order to secure the correct positioning of the work with relation to'the cutter, the translatory movements of the work then being supplied by imparting the necessary feeding movements to the knee rail support 42, so that the entire work supporting assembly carried on the rail 42 is moved as a 'unit. For this operation the table clutch member 86 is movedto the right out of engagement with the stationary clutch member Bl, thus rendering the table screw 46 inoperative to move the table 24,"while at the same time the engagement of the clutch member with the rotatable clutch 88, operates to lock the table against The clutch gear 54 is moved t'o'the right hand position illustrated in Figs. 2 and 9, so that the table transmission train including the spiral head actuating connections thereto is rendered subsidiary to and directly under the control of the reversing clutch member I24 for controlling the starting and stopping, and direction of movement of the knee rail 42. The table reversing clutch 52 is' operatively connected to one or the other of the reversing gears 54 or 56, to fully establish the operating connections to the spiral head under the control of the reversing clutch member I24. It will readily be seen with this construction and set-up of the operating mechanisms, that the operator has merely to operate the lever I52 to start and stop the feeding operation of the work past the cutter and at the same time to control starting and stopping of the spiral head to maintain at all times the correct operating relation between the feeding and rotational movements imparted to the work.

The universal milling machine herein disclosed is also adapted by reason of the improved coordination of the driving gear trains for the several cooperating supports of the Work assembly to secure a greater flexibility and range of operation for the machine in the performance of other milling operations such as ordinary milling. For an extremely rapid, or conversely, an extremely slow operation of the table, the table transmission train is connected in series with the knee rail support clutch I24 as above described and as best shown in Fig. 9 of the drawings, and the clutch member 86 is shifted to the left into engagement with the stationary clutch member Bl to connect the table feed screw '46 to drive the table. The speed of the table when the knee rail clutch I24 is now shifted to either operating position, will be the resultant of either the combined driving rates of the table and rail in the same direction, or their differential if driven in opposite directions depending upon the position of the table reversing clutch 52.

In order to adapt the machine for the novel and improved mode of operation of the table above described, the gears in the transmission trains have been selected to drive thetable and rail respectively at different rates, and thereby to produce a differential movement having a predetermined value for slow speed operation of the table. With the present construction the differential driving rate of the table and knee rail supports is secured by varying the number of teeth in one of the two gears 12 and 13, the gear 12 having 25 teeth, and the gear 13 having 18 teeth; so that the table is driven at substantially threefourths of the rate of travel of the knee rail support 42 which is driven from the shaft I22" at the usual driving rate secured by the use of one ed one on another to move, in a diversity of paths and including a support movable longitudinally in the direction of table movement, driving connections for controlling the rate and direction of travel of the work table comprising a prime mover, a transmission train having apredeterminedgeared driving ratio and including, a reverserfor moving the work table, a transmission train having a dififerent geared driving ratio and including a separate reverser'for moving said longitudinally movable secondary support, and a clutch connection shiftable to connect said work table transmission to be driven from said latter reverser whereby said latter reverser is operative to control simultaneously the starting and stopping and reversal of both the table and longi tudinally movable support;

2. In a milling machine, the combination with a cutter spindle, of a Work supporting assembly including a longitudinally movable work table, supporting meanstherefor including a secondary support movable longitudinally in a plane parallel to that of the table movement, and driving connections for controlling the rate and direction of travel of the work table comprising a prime mover, a transmission train having a predetermined geared driving ratio and including a reverser for moving the work table, a transmission train having a different geared driving ratio and including a separate reverser for moving said secondary support, and a clutch connection shiftable to connect said table transmission train to be driven directly from the prime mover, or alternatively from the latter reverser whereby said latter reverser is operative to control simultaneously the table and support. 3. In a milling machine, the combination with a cutter spindle, of a longitudinally movable work 7 table, a transversely movable saddle support for the work table, a vertically adjustable knee having thereon a longitudinally movable rail support for the saddle, driving connections for controlling the rate and direction of travel of the work table comprising a prime mover; a transmission train including a reverser for moving the work table, a transmission train including a separate reverser for driving the rail support, and means operable for connecting said table transmission train to be driven from said prime mover selectively under the control of said rail support reverser or independently thereof.

4. In a milling'machine, the combination with a cutter assembly including a cutter spindle and a support for the spindle, a work supporting assembly including a slidable work table, and a plurality of secondary slide supports mounted one on anotherfor translatory movements in a plurality of'different paths and including swivel connections interposed between the table and one of said supports for swinging the work support about both transverse and vertical axes, power driving connections for the machine comprising a transmission train for said work support including a reverser, a transmission train including a separate reverser forimparting translatory movements to said last mentioned secondary support, and means for selectively connecting said Work support transmission train to be driven directly from the prime mover or'fror'n said latter reverser whereby said latter reverser is operativeto control simultaneously the operation of the table and said secondary support.

5; In a milling'machine, the combination with a rotary cutter spindle, of a work supporting assembly including a longitudinally movable work table and a plurality of secondary slide supports therefor mounted one upon another for translatory movement in diverse paths and including swivel connections interposed between the table separate reverser for imparting longitudinal translatory movements to saidlast mentioned secondary support, means for connecting said table transmission train to drive said actuating conhections for the spiral head attachment and. for rendering said transmission train inoperative to drive the table, and means for connecting said table transmission train to be driven from the prime mover selectively under the control of said latter reverser or independently thereof.

6. In a milling machine, the combination with a rotary cutter spindle, of a work supporting assembly including a longitudinally movable work table and a plurality of secondary supports therefor mounted one upon the other for translatory movements in diverse paths and including swivel connections interposed between the table and one of said secondary supports for canting the work table about a transverse axis, power driving connections for the machine including a prime mover, a transmission train for said work support including a reverser, actuating connections for a spiral head attachment on the table, a transmission train including a separate reverser for imparting longitudinal translatory movements to said last mentioned secondary support, means for connecting said table transmission to drive said actuating connections for the spiral head attachment and for rendering said transmission train inoperative to drive the table, and a clutch connection shiftable for connecting said table transmission train to be driven from the prime mover selectively under the control of said latter reverser independently thereof.

'7. In a milling machine, the combination with a cutter spindle, of a longitudinally movable work table, a plurality of secondary supports for the table mounted one on another including a longitudinally movable slide support and a swivel connection between the table and said slide support on which the table may be canted about a transverse axis, power driving connections for the machine including a prime mover, a transmission train for said work table including a reverser, an attachment actuator, and means for selectively connecting said table transmission train for actuating the table or said attachment actuator, a transmission train including a separate reverser for imparting longitudinal movements to said slide support, and a clutch connection for selectively connecting said work support transmission train to be driven simultaneously with said slide support from saidlatter reverser or independly thereof.

8. In a milling machine, the combination with a cutter spindle, of a longitudinally movable work table, a plurality of secondary supports for the table mounted one on another including a longitudinally movable slide support and a swivel connection between the table and said slide support on which the table may be canted about a transverse axis, power driving connections for the machine including a prime mover, atransmission train for the work table including a reverser, an attachment actuator operatively connected to said tabletransmission train, a transmission train including a separate reverser for imparting longitudinal movements to said slide support, and a clutch connection for driving the, table transmission train from said latter reverser whereby said latter reverser is operative to control simultaneously the starting and stopping and reversal of the slide support and of the table transmission train and attachment actuator connected thereto.

9. In a milling machine, the combination with a cutter spindle, of a work supporting assembly including a work table and a longitudinally movable supporting member therefor, said table being longitudinally movable relatively to said supporting member, and driving connections for controlling the rate and direction of travel of the work table comprising a prime mover, a transmission train from said prime mover for moving the table relatively to the support, a transmission train from said prime mover for moving the support, means including separate control elements associated with each of said trains for controlling independently starting, stopping and reversal of each of the table and support, and a driving connection including a single control element acting when rendered operative to control simultaneously the starting, stopping and reversal of both of said trains to effect simultaneous movement of the table and support.

10. In a milling machine, the combination with a cutter spindle, of a work supporting assembly including a work table, a longitudinally movable supporting member therefor, said work table being longitudinally movable relatively to said supporting member, and driving connections for controlling the rate and direction of travel of the work table comprising a prime mover, a first transmission train including a reverser for moving the work table, a second transmission train including a separate reverser for moving said supporting member, and means for selectively connecting one of said transmission trains including the reverser associated therewith to be driven from the prime mover exclusive of the other of said reversers, or through said other reverser whereby said other reverser is operative to control simultaneously the operation of the work table and said supporting member.

11. In a milling machine, the combination with a cutter spindle, of a work supporting assembly including a work table, a longitudinally movable supporting member therefore, said work table being longitudinally movable relative to said supporting member, and driving connections for controlling the rate and direction of travel of the work table comprising a prime mover, a first transmission train including a reverser for moving the work tab1e,a second transmission train including a separate reverser for moving said supporting member, and means for selectively connecting said first transmission train to be driven from the prime mover exclusive of said latter reverser, or through said latter reverser whereby said latter reverser is operative to control simultaneously the operation of the work table and said supporting member.

12. In a milling machine, the combination with a cutter spindle, of a work supporting assembly including a work table, a longitudinally movable supporting member therefor, said work table being longitudinally movable relative to said supporting member, and driving connections for controlling the rate and direction of travel of the work table comprising a prime mover, a first transmission train including a reverser for moving the work table, a second transmission train including a separate reverser for moving said supporting member, and a clutch connection shiftable to connect said table transmission train to be driven directly from the prime mover, or alternatively from the latter reverser, whereby said latter reverser is operative to control simultaneously the table and supporting member.

ARTHUR F. BENNETT.

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