US2085014A - Textile process and product - Google Patents

Description

Patented June 29, 1937 TEXTILE PROCESS AND PRODUCT Camille Dreyfus, New York, N. Y., and William Whitehead, Cumberland, Md., assignors to Celanese Corporation of America, a corporation of Delaware N Drawing. Application November 14, 1933, Serial'No. 697,926. Renewed January 2, 1937 13 Claims.

This invention relates to textiles, films, etc. formed from a solution of a derivative of cellulose having incorporated therein an ingredient which does not adversely affect the solution from which filaments of good cross-section and better films may be formed. This application is a continuation-in-part of our application S. No. 3l8,583,'filed November 10, 1928, which has issued as Patent No. 1,958,283;

An object of the invention is the production of improved artificial material bearing derivatives of cellulose as a basis. Another object of the invention is the production of improved staple fibres. Other objectswill be apparent from the following description.

We have found that if yarns, filaments, films, foilsor other artificial materials are formed from solutions of derivatives of cellulose containing wax-like bodies which are preferably emulsified 20 in water the resulting product has many advantageous properties.

This invention is applicable to the formation of a yarn comprising substantially continuous filaments. It is of particular application to the 25 formation of relatively short lengths or staples which may be associated together by twisting to form spun yarn.

' The yarn made according to this invention is easily delustered and forms a soft crinkly fila- 30 ment especially adapted to spinning as staple yarns, i. e. a yarn composed of twisted short filaments.

With our invention synthetic filaments can be spun to a crinkly fiber with a lower concen- 5 tration of dope. In spinning filaments from cellulose acetate our invention permits the dry spinning of filaments of good cross-sections even at high concentrations of vapors of acetone or other solvent in the spinning cabinet.

40 The yarn spun according to our invention has a very slightly subdued lustre and an appearance more like that of real silk than normally spun yarn. A great advantage in our invention is that when yarn made according thereto is delustered 45 it becomes very woolly and crinkled and delusters very heavily.

This invention is applicable to the formation of yarns or filaments, under which terms are included, threads, assemblies or bundles of a num- 50 her of continuous filaments which may be in parallel relationship or which may be twisted together, artificial bristles, straws, short lengths of staple fibres or yarn spun from such staple fibres. It is also applicable to the formation of other arti- 55 ficial products such as foils, films and the like.

This invention is particularly of importance in connection with the formation of artificial materials made of or containing organic derivatives of cellulose such as organic esters of cellulose and-cellulose ethers. Examples of cellulose esters are cellulose acetate, cellulose formate, cellulose 'propionate and cellulose butyrate, while examples of cellulose ethers are ethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose and benzyl cellulose.

The yarns may have applied, thereto or incorporated therein effect materials such as pigments, filling materials, dyes, lakes, etc., fire retardants such as beta chloronaphthalene, triphenyl phosphate or tricresyl phosphate either in a coating material or in the yarns or filaments or both.

We preferably incorporate in the spinning solution a wax-like body which is emulsifiable in water, soapsolutions, solvents and like scouring baths. The wax-like body contains at least a proportion of one or more such ingredients as mono-stearate of diethylene glycol, mono-stearate of ethylene glycol, the mono-stearate of triethylene glycol, the monoor di-stearate of glycerol, triethanolamine stearate, diethanolamine stearate, mono ethanolamine stearate, ammonium oleate, ethylene glycol oleate, diethylene glycol oleate, triethylene glycol oleate, the monoor di-oleate of glycerol, triethanolamine oleate, diethanolamine oleate, monoethanolamine oleate or other like waxy bodies.

In place of or with the stearates and oleates above specified, the palmitic or other monofatty acid ethers or esters 'of glycols, polyglycols, glycerols and higher polyhydric alcohols may be used.

The wax-like bodies may be used alone or in combination with such ingredients as cresylic acid, butyl acetate, polymerized .fatty acid and glyceroor glyco-boric acid or cetyl alcohol or esters or ethers of higher fatty alcohols.

Beneficial results may be obtained by incorporating in the treating material mixtures of two or more of the above named or like ingredients as will be seen from a further description of my invention.

For certain purposes it is advisable to add to any or a mixture of the above named wax-like bodies a proportion of the so-called non-emulsifiable wax -like bodies to act as sizes, hardeners, etc. such as ceresin wax, beeswax, stearic acid, stearin, palmitic acid, ozokerite wax, camauba wax, chlorinated naphthas and like bodies.

The wax-like body or mixture of such bodies may be added to the dope in amoimts of 1% up the derivative of cellulose present, depending grams of soap per litre at on the mixture used. Certain of the mixtures raise the viscosity of the dope to such an extent that heated filtration is required. The percent of the wax-like material to be added depends also on the solubility of the material in the dope and will vary with the process used.

By way of describing our invention still further and not with the intention of limiting its scope thereby, we give the following specific examples- Eaxample I To a spinning solution acetone there is added 5% diethylene glycol stearate based upon acetate. The diethylene glycol stearate is added in a hot solution of acetone. The dry spinning stability of the charge is good and may be spun to form yarn of 150 denier 40 filaments. The cross section of the filaments is 100% bulbous and of a squat type. The yarn spun has a very slightly subdued lustre and an appearance much like that of real silk.

The yarn delustersslightly in minutes when treated with an aqueous solution containing 2 65 C. while yarn formed from a solution of cellulose acetate not containing the diethylene glycol stearate is not afiected.- When delustered for 30 minutes in an aqueous solution containing 2 grams'of soap per liter at 95 0., it becomes very woolly and crinkled and delusters very heavily while a blank takes on a moderate delustre.

Example II The process of Example I is carried out except that diethylene ilar results. I

Example III Example I is repeated except glycerol is used giving approxresults.

Example IV Example II is repeated except mixture of equal parts of distearate and triethanolamine giving approximately the same Theprocess of that distearate of imateiy the same The process of that 5% of a ethylene glycol stearate, is used results.

In all the processes of f the above examples gave a filament of good cross-section and this is probably due to the Wax-like body coming out of of cellulose acetate in I the weight of cellulose higher fatty acid glycol oleate is used giving sim- I departing from the" spirit of our invention.

Having described our invention, what to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. Yarns and staple fibres of cellulose acetate containing diethylene glycol steal-ate.

2. Artificial products having a basis of organic derivatives of cellulose and containing wax-like higher fatty acid esters of polyhydric alcohols. I

3. Yarns and staple fibres having a basis of organic derivatives of cellulose and containing readily emulsifiable wax-like higher fatty acid esters of polyhydrie alcohols.

4. Yarns and cellulose acetate fiable wax-like high-er fatty acid esters of polyhydric alcohols.

5. Yarns and staple fibres having a basis ofwe desire organic derivatives of cellulose and containing cellulose acetate and containing higher fatty acid esters of diethylene glycol.-

7. Artificial productshaving a basis of organic derivatives of cellulose and containing wax-like higher fatty acids with polyhydric alcohols.

drogen and oxygen. r

12. Yarns and staple fibres having a basis of organic derivatives wax-like higher fatty acid alcohols, said esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

13. Yarns and staple fibres having a basis of CAMILLE DREYF'US. WILLIAM WI -IITEHEAD.

of cellulose and containing