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US2084002A - Carburizing furnace - Google Patents

Carburizing furnace Download PDF

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US2084002A
US2084002A US40382A US4038235A US2084002A US 2084002 A US2084002 A US 2084002A US 40382 A US40382 A US 40382A US 4038235 A US4038235 A US 4038235A US 2084002 A US2084002 A US 2084002A
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carburizing
furnace
supporting
retort
heat treated
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US40382A
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Sadie F Peterson
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • C23C8/20—Carburising
    • C23C8/22—Carburising of ferrous surfaces

Definitions

  • This invention relates to carburizing furnaces and more particularly to an improved furnace construction facilitating the practical heat treatment of production quantities.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a novel improved furnace structure in which to take care of maximum production, and so arranged as to provide for a uniform quality of heat treated articles.
  • Another object of the invention relates to an improved apparatus for heat treating a mass production by providing a plurality of retorts and means for progressively moving same through the furnace.
  • a still further object of the invention relates to a tray structure for supporting the articles to be heat treated and for supporting the carburizing material.
  • Fig. 1 is a plan View of the furnace diagrammatcally illustrating the improved conveying system.
  • Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional View through the furnace taken substantially on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1,
  • Fig. 3 is a detailed sectional view of the stacked trays for carrying the work and carburizing material
  • Fig. 4 is a detailed plan view of said stacked trays as viewed from the line 4 4 of Fig. 3, and
  • Fig. 5 is a plan View of one of the outer tray elements.
  • the furnace structure A is preferably constructed of heat resisting i-lre brick or o-f other suitable material and comprises in general the side walls IB, top wall I i and one rear end wall I2.
  • the furnace is provided with movable doors I3, so spaced and arranged as to provide loading'and unloading chambers lll and I5 respectively.
  • the furnace chamber I6 is substantially closed to retain the heat, said furnace chamber being preferably heated by heating elements Ill.
  • the floor I8 of the furnace is preferably provided with rollers l9 or other suitable anti-friction devices, which permits a plurality of retorts 20 to be readily and easily advanced through the furnace.
  • These retorts 2@ are preferably constructed of a fioor 2l and an inverted bell shaped retort member 22 which may be placed on said floor portions 2l and joined or otherwise engaged therewith to provide a pressure retaining retort. If desired, the edge of said bell shaped members may beseated in suitable sealing guides
  • the retorts are arranged 'to be lled with the work or metall articles which are to be heat treated as well as the'carburizing compound which produces a carburizing gas when heated.
  • the particular tray structure which is preferably employed with an apparatus as herein described will be more fully explained hereafter.
  • a retort is loaded in the loading chamber I 4, the doors I3l of said loading chamber are raised or otherwise removed'and the prime mover such as a ram 2l ⁇ is actuated to move the retort into the furnace chamber it.
  • This step is repeated and as al result, a train of retorts is progressively moved throughthe furnace as indicated by the arrowY 25 towardthe rearof the furnace.
  • the ram 24 is being ⁇ retracted and a new retort is made ready in the loading chamber iii, the ram 26 is actuated topush the end retort 20a. transversely of-the furnace as indicated by the arrow 2l to a position in front of the ram 28.
  • This last mentioned ram 23 serves to progressively advance the train of retorts longitudinally through the furnace chamber i@ as indicated by the arrow 29, in a direction opposite to the travel of the train of retortsmoved by the ram 20,.
  • the ram 28 - is actuated simultaneously with ramZli-and the doors i3l or" the unloading chamber I5 are thus raised or otherwise removed at the same time the doors of the loading chamber are raised.
  • the rams Eil, 26 and 23 are preferably actuated by a synchronized control, and their operation is so timed as to effect a progressive advancement of the retorts through the furnace chamber I6.
  • the ram 2t is actuated in between the actuation of said rams 20. and 28. This is accomplished by means of any suitable control mechanisrn, and said rams may be hydraulically or otherwise suitably operated.
  • the hydraulic control device preferably includes a motor M which is operated continuously and controls a valve or other suitable l control device ii and suitable mechanism such as a speed reducer Si may be incorporated in said control apparatus if so desired.
  • the furnace chamber I6 may be divided, if so desired, into two chambers Ita and Ifb, and it will be possible to thus maintain a different temperature in said sub-chambers. If desired, the heating elements'in chamber ltib may be omitted, and thus the chamber will be heated indirectly from chamber Ia.
  • the furnace is thus made readily adaptable for the heat treatment of various types of work, and the quality of heat treatment may be readily varied to suit various conditions by regulating the time interval between successive actuations of the rams to vary the time said work is subjected to the heat treatment.
  • the tray structures B which are arranged to be stacked within the retorts 20, preferably consist of complementary cup-shaped tray elements. This structure is clearly illustrated in Figs. 3
  • the outer tray element 30 receives the inner inverted tray element 3
  • the side annular wall of the inner cup-shaped tray element denes a central space 36 in which the articles to be heat treated or carburized may be contained, and also cooperates with the side wall of the outer tray element to dene an annular chamber 37 surrounding said space 36 in which the carburizing or heat treating compound 38 may be contained.
  • This compound in the present instance preferably comprises a specially prepared carburizing compound. Any suitable carburizing compound may be used, such compounds in general being composed mainly of barium carbonate, calcium carbonate, coke, barium and charco-al. This compound, when subjected to heat suflicient to heat treat the metal article, will produce an active carburizing gas, and in this improved structure, the gas is readily circulated in contact with the articles to be heat treated.
  • cup or tray element 30 is slightly sp-aced from top wall of cup or tray ele ment 3
  • the heating elements are supported exteriorly of the retorts and that the articles to be heat treated and the carburizing compound are supported in spaced relation within the retort.
  • the compound and work may be readily loaded into the retorts and the work is readily and easily removed from the retort after passing through the furnace, since the stack of trays is readily and easily removed from the retort.
  • Such trays may be generally circular in plan or rectangular as shown at 40 in Fig. 1.
  • a stacked supporting apparatus for supporting within a retort metal articles to be heat treated and a carburizing materi-al producing a carburizing gas when heated, said apparatus comprising Oppositely faced cupped shaped members telescopically assembled, the side wall of the inner member being spaced from the side wall of the outer member, whereby to provide a central space for supporting metal articles to be heat treated and an annular chamber surrounding Said space for supporting the carburizing material.
  • a stacked supporting apparatus for supporting within a retort met-al articles to be heat treated and a carburizing material producing a carburizing gas when heated, said apparatus comprising cppositely iaced cupped shaped members telescopically assembled, the side wall of the inner member being spaced from the side wall of the outer member, whereby to provide a central space for supporting metal articles to be heat treated and an annular chamber surrounding said space for supporting the carburizing material, said annular chamber and central space being thereby arranged to support said articles and carburizing material in spaced relation within said retort.
  • a stacked supporting apparatus for supporting within a retort metal articles to be heat treated and a carburizing material producing a carburizing gas when heated, said -apparatus comprising oppositely faced cupped shaped members telescopically assembled, the side wall of the inner member being spaced from the side wall of the outer member, whereby to provide a central space for supporting metal articles to be heat treated and an annular chamber surrounding said space for supporting the carburizing material, said cup shaped members having perforated bottoms permitting the circulation of carburizing gas into contact with the articles to be heat treated.
  • a stacked supporting apparatus for supporting within -a retort metal articles to be heat treated Aand a carburizing material producing a carburizing gas when heated, said apparatus comprising oppositely faced cupped shaped members telescopically assembled, the side wall of the inner member being spaced from the side wall of the outer member, whereby to provide a central space for supporting metal articles to be heat treated and an annular chamber surrounding said space for supporting the carburizing material, said cup shaped members forming complementary elements and providing sub-assemblies which may be stacked one on top of the other.
  • a stacked supporting apparatus for supporting within a retort metal articles to be heat treated and a carburizing material producing a carburizing gas when heated, said apparatus comprising oppositely faced cupped shaped members telescopically assembled, the side wall of the inner member being spaced from the side wall of the outer member, whereby to provide a central space for supporting metal articles to be heat treated and an annular chamber surrounding said space for supporting the carburizing material, said annular chamber and central space being thereby arranged to support said articles and carburizing material in spaced relation within said retort, one of said cup shaped members having a smaller diameter than the other and cooperating therewith when assembled together to provide a wall separating said annular chamber from said central space.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)

Description

June 15, 1937. F 1 PETESON 2,084,002
CARBURIZING FURNACE File'd Sept. 15, 1935 VWVVVVVVV ATTORNE Patented June 15, 1937 UNliE STATES Miami CARBURIZIN G FURNACE Fredolf J. Peterson, deceased, late of Detroit, Mich., by Sadie F. Peterson, Detroit, Mich.,
executrix Application September 13, 1935, Serial` No. 40,382
claims. (o1. 26a- 47) This invention relates to carburizing furnaces and more particularly to an improved furnace construction facilitating the practical heat treatment of production quantities.
5 An object of the present invention is to provide a novel improved furnace structure in which to take care of maximum production, and so arranged as to provide for a uniform quality of heat treated articles.
1() Another object of the invention relates to an improved apparatus for heat treating a mass production by providing a plurality of retorts and means for progressively moving same through the furnace.
A still further object of the invention relates to a tray structure for supporting the articles to be heat treated and for supporting the carburizing material.
For a more detailed understanding of the invention, reference may be had to the accompanying drawing illustrating a preferred embodiment of the invention, and in which:
Fig. 1 is a plan View of the furnace diagrammatcally illustrating the improved conveying system.
Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional View through the furnace taken substantially on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1,
Fig. 3 is a detailed sectional view of the stacked trays for carrying the work and carburizing material,
Fig. 4 is a detailed plan view of said stacked trays as viewed from the line 4 4 of Fig. 3, and
Fig. 5 is a plan View of one of the outer tray elements.
The furnace structure A is preferably constructed of heat resisting i-lre brick or o-f other suitable material and comprises in general the side walls IB, top wall I i and one rear end wall I2.
There is no front wall, but it will be noted that the furnace is provided with movable doors I3, so spaced and arranged as to provide loading'and unloading chambers lll and I5 respectively. When the doors are closed the furnace chamber I6 is substantially closed to retain the heat, said furnace chamber being preferably heated by heating elements Ill.
The floor I8 of the furnace is preferably provided with rollers l9 or other suitable anti-friction devices, which permits a plurality of retorts 20 to be readily and easily advanced through the furnace. These retorts 2@ are preferably constructed of a fioor 2l and an inverted bell shaped retort member 22 which may be placed on said floor portions 2l and joined or otherwise engaged therewith to provide a pressure retaining retort. If desired, the edge of said bell shaped members may beseated in suitable sealing guides The retorts are arranged 'to be lled with the work or metall articles which are to be heat treated as well as the'carburizing compound which produces a carburizing gas when heated. The particular tray structure which is preferably employed with an apparatus as herein described will be more fully explained hereafter.
A retort is loaded in the loading chamber I 4, the doors I3l of said loading chamber are raised or otherwise removed'and the prime mover such as a ram 2l`is actuated to move the retort into the furnace chamber it. This step is repeated and as al result, a train of retorts is progressively moved throughthe furnace as indicated by the arrowY 25 towardthe rearof the furnace. While the ram 24 is being `retracted and a new retort is made ready in the loading chamber iii, the ram 26 is actuated topush the end retort 20a. transversely of-the furnace as indicated by the arrow 2l to a position in front of the ram 28. This last mentioned ram 23 serves to progressively advance the train of retorts longitudinally through the furnace chamber i@ as indicated by the arrow 29, in a direction opposite to the travel of the train of retortsmoved by the ram 20,. Preferably the ram 28 -is actuated simultaneously with ramZli-and the doors i3l or" the unloading chamber I5 are thus raised or otherwise removed at the same time the doors of the loading chamber are raised.
The rams Eil, 26 and 23 are preferably actuated by a synchronized control, and their operation is so timed as to effect a progressive advancement of the retorts through the furnace chamber I6. The ram 2t is actuated in between the actuation of said rams 20. and 28. This is accomplished by means of any suitable control mechanisrn, and said rams may be hydraulically or otherwise suitably operated. The hydraulic control devicepreferably includes a motor M which is operated continuously and controls a valve or other suitable l control device ii and suitable mechanism such as a speed reducer Si may be incorporated in said control apparatus if so desired.
The furnace chamber I6 may be divided, if so desired, into two chambers Ita and Ifb, and it will be possible to thus maintain a different temperature in said sub-chambers. If desired, the heating elements'in chamber ltib may be omitted, and thus the chamber will be heated indirectly from chamber Ia. The furnace is thus made readily adaptable for the heat treatment of various types of work, and the quality of heat treatment may be readily varied to suit various conditions by regulating the time interval between successive actuations of the rams to vary the time said work is subjected to the heat treatment.
The tray structures B, Which are arranged to be stacked within the retorts 20, preferably consist of complementary cup-shaped tray elements. This structure is clearly illustrated in Figs. 3
`to 5 inclusive and it will be noted that the outer tray element 30 receives the inner inverted tray element 3|, said inner tray element being pro' character 35. It will be noted that the side annular wall of the inner cup-shaped tray element denes a central space 36 in which the articles to be heat treated or carburized may be contained, and also cooperates with the side wall of the outer tray element to dene an annular chamber 37 surrounding said space 36 in which the carburizing or heat treating compound 38 may be contained. This compound in the present instance preferably comprises a specially prepared carburizing compound. Any suitable carburizing compound may be used, such compounds in general being composed mainly of barium carbonate, calcium carbonate, coke, barium and charco-al. This compound, when subjected to heat suflicient to heat treat the metal article, will produce an active carburizing gas, and in this improved structure, the gas is readily circulated in contact with the articles to be heat treated.
The bottom wall of cup or tray element 30 is slightly sp-aced from top wall of cup or tray ele ment 3| (see Figs. 2 and 3) to permit free circulation of the carburizing gas from annular chamber 31 into the central space via perforations or openings 34 and 33.
It is noted that the heating elements are supported exteriorly of the retorts and that the articles to be heat treated and the carburizing compound are supported in spaced relation within the retort. The compound and work may be readily loaded into the retorts and the work is readily and easily removed from the retort after passing through the furnace, since the stack of trays is readily and easily removed from the retort. Such trays may be generally circular in plan or rectangular as shown at 40 in Fig. 1.
Although but one embodiment of the inventin is shown,K it will be apparent to those skilled .in the art to which this invention pertains, that various modiiications and changes may be made therein without departing from the spirit of the invention or from the scope of the appended claims.
It is claimed:
l. A stacked supporting apparatus for supporting within a retort metal articles to be heat treated and a carburizing materi-al producing a carburizing gas when heated, said apparatus comprising Oppositely faced cupped shaped members telescopically assembled, the side wall of the inner member being spaced from the side wall of the outer member, whereby to provide a central space for supporting metal articles to be heat treated and an annular chamber surrounding Said space for supporting the carburizing material.
2. A stacked supporting apparatus for supporting within a retort met-al articles to be heat treated and a carburizing material producing a carburizing gas when heated, said apparatus comprising cppositely iaced cupped shaped members telescopically assembled, the side wall of the inner member being spaced from the side wall of the outer member, whereby to provide a central space for supporting metal articles to be heat treated and an annular chamber surrounding said space for supporting the carburizing material, said annular chamber and central space being thereby arranged to support said articles and carburizing material in spaced relation within said retort.
3. A stacked supporting apparatus for supporting within a retort metal articles to be heat treated and a carburizing material producing a carburizing gas when heated, said -apparatus comprising oppositely faced cupped shaped members telescopically assembled, the side wall of the inner member being spaced from the side wall of the outer member, whereby to provide a central space for supporting metal articles to be heat treated and an annular chamber surrounding said space for supporting the carburizing material, said cup shaped members having perforated bottoms permitting the circulation of carburizing gas into contact with the articles to be heat treated.
4, A stacked supporting apparatus for supporting within -a retort metal articles to be heat treated Aand a carburizing material producing a carburizing gas when heated, said apparatus comprising oppositely faced cupped shaped members telescopically assembled, the side wall of the inner member being spaced from the side wall of the outer member, whereby to provide a central space for supporting metal articles to be heat treated and an annular chamber surrounding said space for supporting the carburizing material, said cup shaped members forming complementary elements and providing sub-assemblies which may be stacked one on top of the other.
5. A stacked supporting apparatus for supporting within a retort metal articles to be heat treated and a carburizing material producing a carburizing gas when heated, said apparatus comprising oppositely faced cupped shaped members telescopically assembled, the side wall of the inner member being spaced from the side wall of the outer member, whereby to provide a central space for supporting metal articles to be heat treated and an annular chamber surrounding said space for supporting the carburizing material, said annular chamber and central space being thereby arranged to support said articles and carburizing material in spaced relation within said retort, one of said cup shaped members having a smaller diameter than the other and cooperating therewith when assembled together to provide a wall separating said annular chamber from said central space.
SADIE F. PETERSONy Executria: of the Estate of Fredolf J. Peterson,
Deceased.
US40382A 1935-09-13 1935-09-13 Carburizing furnace Expired - Lifetime US2084002A (en)

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2490412A (en) * 1946-04-06 1949-12-06 Armco Steel Corp Means for annealing coiled light gauge sheet metal
US2866629A (en) * 1954-12-29 1958-12-30 Western Electric Co Nesting pallets and separators for stacking articles for annealing
US2992900A (en) * 1958-12-29 1961-07-18 Gen Electric Method for producing improved diamond crystals
US4205935A (en) * 1978-02-02 1980-06-03 Ipsen Industries International Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Continuous heating furnace for the heat treatment of small parts
US4457493A (en) * 1982-06-24 1984-07-03 Kanto Yakin Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Gas atmosphere heating furnace
US5435686A (en) * 1994-02-17 1995-07-25 Sterling Systems, Inc. Bearing race hardening line
US20080056978A1 (en) * 2006-04-29 2008-03-06 Chun-Chieh Chang Method and devices for producing air sensitive electrode materials for lithium ion battery applications

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2490412A (en) * 1946-04-06 1949-12-06 Armco Steel Corp Means for annealing coiled light gauge sheet metal
US2866629A (en) * 1954-12-29 1958-12-30 Western Electric Co Nesting pallets and separators for stacking articles for annealing
US2992900A (en) * 1958-12-29 1961-07-18 Gen Electric Method for producing improved diamond crystals
US4205935A (en) * 1978-02-02 1980-06-03 Ipsen Industries International Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Continuous heating furnace for the heat treatment of small parts
US4457493A (en) * 1982-06-24 1984-07-03 Kanto Yakin Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Gas atmosphere heating furnace
US5435686A (en) * 1994-02-17 1995-07-25 Sterling Systems, Inc. Bearing race hardening line
US20080056978A1 (en) * 2006-04-29 2008-03-06 Chun-Chieh Chang Method and devices for producing air sensitive electrode materials for lithium ion battery applications
US8158071B2 (en) * 2006-04-29 2012-04-17 Chun-Chieh Chang Method and devices for producing air sensitive electrode materials for lithium ion battery applications

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