US2057304A - Apparatus for regularizing the exhaust of explosion motors - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 13, 1936.

E. C. SAINT-JACQUES APPARATUS FOR REGULARIZING THE EXHAUST OF EXPLOSION MOTORS Filed Oct. 29, 1934 p I I Patented Oct. 13, 1936 PATENT OFFICE APPARATUS FOR REGULARIZIN HAUST OF EXPLOSION MOTORS GTHE EX- Eugene Camille Saint-Jacques, Paris, France Application October 29, 1934, Serial No. 750,425 In France November 8, 1933 9 Claims. (01. 181-58) For regularizing the exhaust of explosion motors particularly upon motor vehicles, silencers are normally used most often constituted by a cylinder of diameter substantially larger than the diameter of the exhaust pipe, this pipe is connected to one of the ends of the cylinder into which the gases thus enter axially to leave the same, after expansion, by a pipe connected to the other end of the cylinder.

There is produced a sudden expansion of the exhaust gases in the cylinder in question which expansion gives rise to an increase in the pressure itself constituting a resistance to the entry of the burnt gases which strongly reduces the output of useful power of the motor.

Moreover, the removal of the expanded gases by the outlet pipe of the cylinder being carried out under the efiect of the compression of the gases contained in this latter the very appreciable difference between the diameters of the cylinder and of this outlet tube produces at each entry of gas into the silencer, a resistance to the removal of the gases which resistance again diminishes the useful output of the motor.

The apparatus according to the present invention permits these various disadvantages to be overcome.

This result is attained by introducing the exhaust gases tangentially into the part with the largest diameter of a cylindro-conical receptacle so as to cause the gases to take a rapid gyratory movement inside this receptacle, then in bringing them still in gyratory movement and with progressively increasing speeds to the apex of the cone which forms the outlet orifice.

Due to the very appreciable difference between the diameter of the tube for the supply of gases to the receptacle and the section of this receptacle in the plane of entry of the gases, the desired expansion of these latter is produced inside the receptacle but .the gases immediately take up a gyratory movement and their speed of translation progressively increases up to their outlet at the apex of the cone. Thus no appreciable resistance is produced either at the entry of the gases into the receptacle or at their outlet therefrom, and consequently there is no material diminution in the output of the useful power of the motor.

A'cone is fixed to the interior of the cylindrical portion and one or more rings of vanes are arranged between this fixed cone and the cylindrical portion of the apparatus.

Finally, the wall of the cylindro-conical receptacle receiving the exhaust gases may be formed by means of two plates of metals ofdifferent sound conductivities placed against one another. Due to the diiferent amplitudes of the vibrations transmitted by these two metals an effective deadening of resonances is obtained. 6

Preferably, the metal having the least amplitude of vibrationthat is to say generally the softest metal-will be placed inside in immediate contact with the gases in gyratory movement.

For example, the wall of the receptacle form- 10 ing the silencer may be fashioned from sheet iron, with a sheet or layer of copper or magnesium on the inside thereof.

In the attached drawing there are represented schematically and by way of non-limiting examl6 ples, different forms of the present invention.

In the drawing,

Figure 1 is an elevation partly in section of one form of my invention;

Figure 2 is a partial plan view of the apparatus shown in Figure 1;

Figure 3 is an elevation partly in section of another form of my invention; and

Figure 4 is an elevation partly in section of another form of my invention.

The apparatus in general, comprises a cylinder I in which theexhaust gases arrive tangentially by the pipe 2. If desired, as shown in Figure l, the cylinder I may comprise an outer layer of sheet iron I and an inner layer I" of copper or magnesium. This cylinder is extended by a cone 3 from the apex of which the expanded gases leave by a pipe 4.

The gases always arrive tangentially by the pipe 2. 86 Inside the cylinder I there is'a fixed cone 5 round which the gases take up a gyratory movement with a progressively increasing speed.

At the plane of the-smallest section of the passage between the cylinder I and the cone 5 40 the gases traverse a ring of fixed vanes 6 which give them a slight inward orientation in order to diminish the effect of friction of the gases against the walls of the cone 3. The gases pass at a very high speed through this latter always with a gyratory movement toward their outlet at 4. s

In Figure 3 besides the ring of fixed vanes 6 arranged at the plane of the smallest passage section between the cylinder I and the cone 5 so there are provided at suitable intervals other rings of vanes such as 8, 9 arranged so as to deflect the gases inwardly.

In the device of Figure 4 the interior cone is 66 replaced by the interior cylinder I open at its two ends and the vanes are dispensed with.

The gases set into rotation in the space between the cylinders I and I may escape both through the apex of the cone 3 and by the opening 1' of the cylinder 1.

I claim:

1. In an exhaust mufller for an internal combustion engine, a. cylinder closed at one end, a truncated cone, said cone being attached at its base to the open end of the cylinder so that the sides'ofthe cone continue the side walls of the cylinder, an open cone inside of said cylinder, the apex of the cone terminating at the closed end of the cylinder, the base of the cone being 01' smaller diameter than the cylinder and terminating near the open end of the cylinder, a tangential inlet passage for the exhaust gases adjacent the closed end of the cylinder, and a ring of overlapping vanes on the inner wall of the cylinder, said vanes being inclined in the direction of the path of travel of the exhaust gases and disposed so as to direct the gases in a gyratory manner and away from the outer walls or the muiller.

2. A silencer for the exhaust of explosion motors, comprising a cylinder closed at one end, a truncated cone, the base of which is attached to the open end of the cylinder so that the sides of the cone continue the side walls of the cylinder, a tangential inlet duct for the exhaust gases adjacent the closed end of said cylinder, an axial outlet duct for the gases at the narrow end of the truncated cone, an inner cone, the base of which is of less diameter than the diameter of the cylinder and is disposed adjacent the base 01' said truncated cone, said inner cone tapering in the opposite direction to the truncated cone to a point adjacent the closed end of the cylinder, a ring of overlapping vanes disposed in the space between the base of the inner cone and the cylinder wall, said vanes being inclined for defleeting the gases slightly inwardly. 4

3. A silencer for the exhaust of explosion mo tors, comprising a cylinder closed at one end, a truncated cone, the base of which is attached to the open end of the cylir ier so that the sides of the cone continue the side walls of the cylinder, a tangential inlet duct for the exhaust gases adjacent the closed end of said cylinder, an axial outlet duct for the gases at the narrow end of the truncated cone, an inner cone, the base of which is of less diameter than the diameter of the cylinder and is disposed adjacent the base 01' said truncated cone, said inner cone tapering in the opposite direction to the truncated cone to a point adjacent the closed end of the cylinder, a ring of overlapping vanes disposed in the space between the base of the inner cone and the cylinder wall, and additional rings of overlapping vanes disposed inthe cylindrical part of the receptacle between its inner wall and the cone, said vanes being inclined for deflecting the gases slightly inwardly.

4. A silencer for the exhaust of internal combustion engines, comprising a receptacle having a cylindrical inlet portion and a conical outlet portion continuing the side walls of the cylindrical portion, a tangential inlet duct for the exhaust gases adjacent the wide end of said receptacle, an axial outlet duct for the gases at the narrow end of said receptacle, an inner cone the point of which terminates adjacent the wide end of the receptacle, the center line of the receptacle and inner cone being coaxially disposed,

and a ring of overlapping vanes on the inner wall of the receptacle adjacent the base of the inner cone, said vanes being inclined for deflecting the gases slightly inwardly.

5. In an exhaust mufiier for an internal combustion engine, a casing having a cylindrical inlet portion and a conical outlet portion and a conical battle in the cylindrical inlet portion the taper 01 which is opposed to that of the outlet portion and the base of which is adjacent the beginning of the conical portion of the casing, and a ring of overlapping vanes between the base of the conical baflle and the casing, said vanes being inclined in the direction of the path of travel of the exhaust gases and disposed so as to direct the gases in a gyratory manner and away from the outer walls of the muiiler.

6. A silencer for the exhaust of explosion motors, comprising a receptacle having a cylindrical inlet portion with one closed end and a conical outlet portion continuing the side walls of the cylindrical portion, said receptacle having a me tallic inner wall having a given sound conductivity and a metallic outer wall having a diil'erent sound conductivity, a tangential inlet duct tor the exhaust gases adjacent the closed end or said receptacle, an axial outlet duct for the gasesat the narrow end of said receptacle, an inner cone the point of which terminates adjacent the wide end of the receptacle and the base of which terminates adjacent the point where the receptacle begins to taper, and a ring of overlapping vanes on the inner wall of the receptacle adjacent the base of the cone, said vanes being inclined for deflecting the gases slightly inwardly.

'7. A silencer for the exhaust of explosion motors, comprising a receptacle having a cylindrical inlet portion with one closed end and a conical outlet portion continuing the side walls of the cylindrical portion, said receptacle having a metalhc inner wall having a given sound conductivity and an outer metallic wall having a different sound conductivity, a tangential inlet duct for the exhaust gases at the wide end of said receptacle, an axial outlet duct for the gases at the narrow end of said receptacle, an inner cone the apex of which terminates adjacent the wide end of the receptacle and which is coaxial with the receptacle, the base of said inner cone terminating adjacent the point where the receptacle begins to taper, and a ring of overlapping vanes disposed adjacent the inner wall of the receptacle and adjacent the base of the cone, said vanes being inclined for deflecting the gases slightly inwardly.

8. A silencer for the exhaust of explosion motors comprising a receptacle having a cylindrical inlet portion with one closed end and a conical outlet portion continuing the side walls of the cylindrical portion, said receptacle having a sheet iron outer wall and a copper inner wall, a tangential inlet duct for the exhaust gases at the wide end of said receptacle, an axial outlet duct for the gases at the narrow end of said receptacle, an inner cone the apex of which terminates adjacent the wide end of the receptacle and which is coaxial with the receptacle, the base of said inner cone terminating adjacent the point where the receptacle begins to taper, and a ring of overlapping vanes disposed adjacent the inner wall of the receptacle and adjacent the base of the cone, said vanes being inclined tor deflecting the gases slightly inwardly.

9. A silencer for the exhaust of explosion mo- 75 tors comprising a receptacle having a cylindrical inlet portion with one closed end and a conical outlet portion continuing the side walls of the cylindrical portion, said receptacle having a sheet iron outer wall and a. magnesium inner wall, a tangential inlet duct for the exhaust gases at the wide end of said receptacle, an axial outlet duct for the gases at the narrow end of said receptacle, an inner cone the apex of which terminates adjacent the wide end of the receptacle and which is coaxial with the receptacle, the base of said inner cone terminating adjacent the point where the receptacle begins to taper, and a ring of overlapping vanes disposed adjacent the inner wall of the receptacle and adjacent the base of the cone, said vanes being inclined for deflecting the gases slightly inwardly.

EUGENE GAMILLE SAINT-JACQUES.

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