US2040453A - Internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Description

J. L. W.- WEBER INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed July 9, 1932 2 Sheets-Shet 1 FIG: :5

INTERNAL COMBUST ION ENG INE Filed July 9, lsz

2 Sheets-Sheet 2 70 s 2&

| 1 l 1 I l l 1 I I I Patented May 12, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT O F-F'ICE Jacobus Ludwich Wilhelm Weber,

--Leens, Netherlands .Application July 9, 1932, Serial No. 621,555 In the Netherlands July.10, 1931 9 Claims.

This invention .relates .to atwo stroke cycle internal combustion engine with slide valve regulation in which-the-pistonandthe valve provided with admission and exhaustports are rigidly con- ,nected to-each other or constitutea single body, the side next to the crankshaft acting-as the work- .ing piston andtheother side acting as a pump or :compressor.

The object of theinvention is to secure in such .a prime mover a more certain confinement of the .gases .contained and compressed in the combustion chamber. This resultis securedaccordingto the invention by disposing the headof the.piston so that it extends obliquely towards the combustion chamber admission port.arranged .in the slide valve, said admission port in the upper dead centre position of the piston establishingcom- :munciation through a by-pass passage between the combustion chamber and the pump chamber, while one or more piston rings provided on the slide valve are arranged between the admission portaforesaid and the admission port for the ,pump chamber which in the lower dead centre position of the slide valve cooperates withan inlet .in the wallof the cylinder. Saidpistonring or rings is or are accordingly located partially on bothsides of thehead ofthe piston and ensure a reliablesealing.

In the accompanying drawings, Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic section of an internalcombustion engine according to the present invention with the parts inonedeadoentreposition and Fig. 2 is a similar view with the parts in the reverse dead. centre position. Figs. 3 and 4 are sections at right angles to one another of a second constructional-example of the invention.

In.-Figs. 1 and-2, l is the engine cylinder with itshead or cover 2. The end next to the crank- ..shaft is closed by a fixed [head 3. The piston which works in the cylinder consists of a hollow 'cylinder 5-carrying externally piston rings and an oblique head 4. As is-shown inthe figures the external diameter of the fixedhead 3 is substan- :tial1-y equal to the internal-diameter of the cyl- :inder 5, so that the latter fits into the space between the fixed head and the cylinder in sliding engagement with the adjacent side walls-of these -members. The fixed head 3 is also provided with .piston rings.

In the head or cover 2 of the engine cylinder is situated a by-pass passage 6, communicating-with --a port! in the wall of the cylinder. The hollow cylinderafiis provided with two longitudinally unaligned portsB-and 9, of which the port 8 lies immediately above the head '4 of'the piston man the port I.

the admission portl2'and the-exhaust port I I.

upwardlyprolonged part of the slide valve, while the port 9 lies immediately below'thehead "atthe opposite side.

In consequence hereof, asthefigures' show,'the port 9 is further away from the crankshaft than the port 8. The port "9 cooperates, inthe upper dead centre position of the piston valve with In the same positiona port I0 in the piston valve cooperates-with the 'exhaust port H in the engine cylinder I. In the lower dead centre position of the piston "the port 8 in the piston valve coincides with an admission port 5 I2 in the engine cylinder.

The fixed head 3 has two oppositely situated slots l3 in it to clear a gudgeon connected to the q piston valve 5. To this gudgeon is attached the connecting rod l5.

The piston valveiis falsoprovide'd below the slot'9 withan internal guide'rib l 6whichdirects the entering .gases along the inclined :head 4 :of "the piston. At'the'levelofthis gui'de'rib l6 piston rings are 'arranged on theoutside of 'the piston valve'which in the'position shown'in Fig. :1 that is 'at the endofthe 'compressionstroke and at "the beginningof the: expansion stroke,'p-revent the escape of gases through the valve port 9,".the space betweenthe valve and" the wall of'the cylinder, As it is desirable for an -elfective and permanent sealing that the temperature 'of the piston rings shall remainwithin certain limits, it is: advisable to make'the guide rib I '6 hollow,=whereby'the wall of the piston valve at thelevel'of thepistOn-rings is protected from the directactionofithe temperatures prevailing in the cylinder.

In an internal combustion primefimover with'a vaporizer there is placed in "the =cylinder 'wall 'atthe'level'of the combustion chamber admission port 9 'a spark plug -l1 'which in the *position shown in Fig. 1 'ignites the compressed-gaseous mixture. In this position and "during the last part of the downward and the first part of the tureenters the cylinder 1 "above'the'headzof the piston. During the working stroke of thepiston this gaseous mixture is compressednntil 'in the position shown in Fig. 2 relief of "the"pressure takes place through the passage 6--and--the-port "I. On the downward *stroke'the waste-gases are first expelled through the exhaust'ports l0 and I l by the fresh gaseous mixture enteringthrough 6, "T 'and 9 which is then compressed after the port I I has been cut off by the valve. Bytlie directing action of the guide rib 16' the entering gaseous mixture flows along the head oftheipis- :5

upwardstroke of the piston-.afresh gaseous mix- 7 ports I1.

ton, so that the waste gases are completely expelled.

The constructional example of the invention shown in Figs. 3 and 4 differs in the main from neath the head 4 of the piston to cooperate with the ports 1, two ports 8 in the valve above the base 4, two oppositely situated admission ports l2 in the cylinder I and two oppositely situated exhaust ports ll likewise in they cylinder I, the admission and exhaust ports beingangularly displaced by ports l0 and the engine cylinder twoignition In this case also the head of the piston runs obliquely, so that the admission ports 8 lie immediately over the'lower end and the ports 9 immediately below the upper end of the head 4 Of the piston. Owing to the duplicating of the ports 8 and 9 and their position with respect to each other the head of the piston in thiscase assumes the form of a' transverse member extending from one side thereof to the other as shown in Fig. 3. The action is the same as that of the constructional form shown in Figs; 1 and 2. When the present invention is applied to a Diesel engine, fresh air enters through the admission ports l2 and 8 respectively. The sparking plug I1 will be replaced in this case by a nozzle for spraying in the fuel. V

What I claim is: V r

1. In a valveless two-cycle internal combustion engine, in combination, a cylinder having spaced communicating openings adjacent to the head "forming 'a pump chamber and a combustion chamber respectively, the head of the piston being inclined to the longitudinal axis of the system, the wall of the 'piston extending beyond said piston head and into the pump chamber, an inletport arranged in said piston extension immediately above the lower part of the piston head, a fuel inlet port for the pump chamber in the cylinder wallfsaid piston'inlet' port communicating on the full'instroke of the'piston with said 'cylinder inlet port, a spark 'plugopening in said cylinder wall, a second piston'inlet port immediately beneath the higher part of the piston head, said second piston'inlet port communicating on the full outstroke of the piston with the pump chamber through the by pass and on' the full instroke of the piston with said spark plug opening; an exhaust port in said cylinder, an

exhaust port in the piston arranged to align with said exhaust port' in the cylinder on the full out- "stroke of the piston, and" sealing means on said piston between said first and second piston inlet port s,said"sea1ing' means located partially on both sides of the headof the piston. V Y 2. Ina valveless two-cycle internal combustion engine, in combination, a cylinder having spaced "communicating openings adjacent to the head end thereof and forming a by-pass, a fixed head In like manner the piston has two disposed concentrically with the crank end of said cylinder, a piston slidably disposed between and contacting with the inner and outer peripheries of the cylinder and the fixed head respectively, a space between the head of the piston and the head of the cylinder, and a space between the head of the piston and the fixed head, said spaces forming a pump chamber and a combustion chamber respectively, the head of the piston being inclined to the longitudinal axis of the system,

the wall of the piston extending beyond said piston head and into the pump chamber, an inlet port arranged in said piston extension immediately above the lower part of the piston head, a fuel inlet port for the pump chamber in the cylinder wall, said piston inlet port communicating on the full instroke of the piston with said cylinder inlet port, a spark plug opening in said cylinder wall, a second piston inlet port immediately beneath the higher part of' the piston head, said second piston inlet port communicating on the full outstroke of the piston with the pump chamber through the by-pass and on the full instroke of the piston with said spark plug opening, an exhaust port in said cylinder, an exhaust port in the piston arranged to align with said exhaust port in the cylinder on the full outstroke of the piston, sealing means on said piston between said first and second piston inlet ports, said sealing means located partially on'both sides of the head of the piston, and a guide rib'for the combustible 3. In a valveless two-cycle internal combustion engine according to claim 2, characteristic in that the guide rib for the mixture of gas is hollow and in that the sealing meansare located onsaid piston at the level of said guide rib.

4. In a valveless two-cycle internal combustion engine, in combination, a cylinder having spaced communicating openings adjacent to the head end thereof, said spaced communicating open' ings forming two by-passes, a fixed head disposed concentrically within the crank end of said cylinder, a piston slidably disposed, between and contacting with the inner and outer peripheries of the cylinder and the fixed head respectively a space between the head of the piston and the head of the cylinder and a space between the head of the piston and the fixed head forming a. pump chamber and a combustion chamber respectively,

7 the head of the piston being provided with a,

transverse prolongation adjacent the center thereof, the wall of the piston extending beyond said piston head and into the pump chamber, a pair of diametrically opposed inlet ports arrange-:1 in said piston extension immediately above the lower part of the piston head, a pair of diametri cally opposed inlet ports for the pump chamber in the cylinder wall, said piston inlet ports communicating on the full instroke of the piston with the said cylinder inlet ports, a pair of opposed spark plug openings in said cylinder wall, a second pair of piston inlet ports immediately beneath the higher part of the piston head, said second 1 pair of piston inlet ports communicating on the full outstroke of the piston with the pump chamber through the by-passes and on the full instroke of the piston with the spark plug openings in the cylinder wall, a pair of exhaust ports in said cylinder, a pair of exhaust ports in said piston arranged'to align with said cylinder'exhaust ports on the full outstroke of the piston,

and sealing means on said piston between said first and second pairs of piston inlet ports, said sealing means located partially on both sides of the head of the piston.

5. A piston for a valveless two-cycle internal combustion engine, said piston comprising a hollow cylinder, said cylinder being open at one end, a head for said piston at the other end of said cylinder, said head being inclined to the longitudinal axis of said cylinder, the wall of said cylinder extending beyond said head, an inlet port in said piston extension immediately above the lower part of the head, a second inlet port in the main body of said piston arranged immediately beneath the higher part of the piston head, an exhaust port in said piston adjacent the open end thereof, and sealing means on said piston arranged circumferentially thereof, said sealing means located longitudinally of said piston between said first and second inlet ports.

6. A piston for a valveless two-cycle internal combustion engine, said piston comprising a hollow cylinder, said cylinder being open at one end, a head for said piston at the other end of said cylinder, said head being inclined to the longitudinal axis of said cylinder, the wall of said cylinder extending beyond said head, an inlet port in said piston extension immediately above the lower part of the head, a second inlet port in the main body of said piston arranged immediately beneath the higher part of the piston head, an exhaust port in said piston adjacent the open end thereof, sealing means on said piston arranged circumferentially thereof, said sealing means located longitudinally of said piston between said first and, second inlet ports, and a guide rib arranged on the inner wall of said piston below and adjacent said second inlet port, said guide rib extending over a portion of the inner circumference of said piston.

7. A piston for a valveless two-cycle internal combustion engine, said piston comprising a hollow cylinder, said cylinder being open at one end, a head for said piston at the other end of said cylinder, said head being inclined to the longitudinal axis of said cylinder, the wall of said cylinder extending beyond said head, an inlet port in said piston extension immediately above the lower part of the head, a second inlet port in the main body of said piston arranged immediately beneath the higher part of the piston head, an exhaust port in said piston adjacent the open end thereof, sealing means on said piston arranged circumferentially thereof, said sealing means located longitudinally of said piston between said first and second inlet ports, and a guide rib arranged on the inner wall of said piston below and adjacent said second inlet port, said guide rib extending over a portion of the inner circumference of said piston, said guide rib being hollow, said guide rib and said sealing means arranged opposite each other longitudinal- 1y of said piston.

8. In a valveless two cycle internal combustion engine, in combination, a cylinder having spaced communicating openings adjacent to the head end thereof and forming a by-pass, a fixed head disposed concentrically with the crank end thereof, a piston slidably disposed between the inner and outer peripheries of the cylinder and the fixed head, forming with the cylinder head and the fixed head a compression chamber and a. combustion chamber, respectively, the head of the piston being joined to the vertical wall thereof intermediate its length and at one point at a lower horizontal level than at another point, the Wall of the cylinder having a spark plug opening, the piston wall having an inlet port below and adjacent to the higher point at which the piston head is joined to the piston wall, said inlet port communicating on the full upstroke of the piston with the compression chamber through the bypass and on the full downstroke of the piston with said spark plug opening, the piston wall having a second inlet port located above the lower point at which the piston head is joined to the piston wall and below the level of said first inlet port, the cylinder wall having a fuel inlet port for said compression chamber arranged to communicate with said second piston inlet port on the full downstroke of the piston, said piston wall having an exhaust port, said cylinder having an exhaust port arranged to aline with the exhaust port in the piston wall on the full upstroke of the piston, and sealing means located on said piston above the first piston inlet port and between the levels of the first and second inlet ports.

9. A piston for a sleeve valve two-cycle internal combustion engine comprising a skirt portion and a piston head extending across said skirt intermediate the length thereof, said skirt having a port in a portion thereof, said head having a prolonged portion establishing communication between the inside of said piston and said port, and said skirt having a second port disposed above said head and below the level of said first-mentioned port, and sealing means on said piston, said sealing means being arranged circumferentially of said piston between said ports.

JACOB-US LUDWICH WILHELM WEBER.

Images