US1932335A - Hair curler - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 24,'1933. w. H. cooER 1,932,335

HAIR cURLE Filed Jan. so, 195sv /Z M. 'IIT-7 inem .. u 29 3/ 25 JNVENTOR.

' BY 57' y l M ATToRNEYs.

Patented Oct. 24, 1933 HAIR CURLER Willian! H. Cooper, Washington, D. C.

23 Claims.

This invention relates to hair curlers for use in connection with a permanent wave machine and one object of the invention is to provide a curler adapted to be rmly xecLto a lock or hair in close proximity to the scalp and including a yoke which extends transversely of the lock of hair when xed to the same and a mandrel of such construction that the lock of hair may be wound thereon and the mandrel then removably engaged with the yoke.

Another object of the invention is to provide the yoke with a hair gripping lock of such construction that the lock of hair may be in bunched formation where gripped and then spread or attened to assume the form of a ribbon as it is wound about the mandrel.

Another object of the invention is to so form the mandrel that after a lock of hair has been wound about the same, the mandrel may beengaged with arms of the yoke and then additionally rotated in order to tighten the lock of hair about the mandrel and hold it rmly in place.

A still further object of the invention is to provide the mandrel with yoke engaging pintles, one of which is rigid with the mandrel and the other rotatably connected therewith, the last mentioned pintle carrying means for frictionally resisting rotation of the mandrel relative to the pintle and only permitting rotation of the mandrel in one direction when engaged with the yoke. By this arrangement, the mandrel may be rotated a suillcient number of turns to tighten the hair about the mandrel after the mandrel is applied to the yoke and reverse rotation which would tend to loosen the coil of hair will be prevented.

Another object of the invention is to provide the yoke with an improved form of lock for securing the yoke to a lock of hair to be coiled about the mandrel and so form and mount a hair gripping element of this lock that while it may be easily moved to and 'out of a hair gripping position, its movement will be limited.

Still another object of the invention is to provide an improved type ot shield adapted to be applied to a lock of hair between the yoke and scalp and thereby prevent danger of a persons scalp being burned by heat during a curling operation.

A further object of the invention resides in providing a device which is simple and durable in construction, inexpensive to manufacture. and one which will be very eiilcient'in application to use.

With these and numerous other objects* in view,

'proved curler is Application January 30, 1933. Serial No. 654,291

my invention consists in the novel features of construction, combination and arrangement of parts as will be hereinafter referred to and more particularly pointed out in the speciilcation and claims. 1

In the accompanyingdrawing forming a part of this application:

Figure 1 is aview showing the improved hair curler in side elevation;

Figure 2 isa top plan view of the curler;

Figure 3 is a bottom plan view of the curler upon a somewhat reduced scale;

Figure 4 is a sectional view through the lock carried by the yoke of the curler, the view being taken along the line 4-4 of Figure l;

Figure 5 is a view similar to Figure 4, showing the hair gripping element of the lock moved to a gripping position across a hair receiving passage of the lock;

Figure 6 is a sectional view taken through the lock and a portion of the yoke, the view being taken along the line 6--6 of Figure 3;

Figure 7 is a perspective view of the hair gripping element forming part of the lock;

Figure 8 is a view showing the manner in which the lock of hair is wound about the mandrel;

Figure 9 is a view similar to Figure 8, showing the lock oi hair completely wound upon the mandrel and the mandrel engaged with the yoke;

Figure 9a is a section taken along the line 9a-9a of Fig. 9;

Figure 10 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view through one end portion of the mandrel, th'e view being taken alongthe line 10-10 of Figure 8, with the pintle and means for controlling rotation .of the mandrel relative to this pintle in elevation;

Figure 11 is a view looking at the outer face of the shield which protects the scalp from heat, with the shield in a closed position;

. Figure 12 is a view showing the shield in an open position; and

Figure 13 is a bottom plan view oi' a modiiied v ,form of yoke and hair gripping lock.

The yoke constituting an element of this imi'ormed of strong metal or any other material such as bakelite or its equivalent and has an enlarged substantially circular intermediate portion l fromvwhich extend end portions 2 terminating in arms 3 formed with sockets or recesses 4 opening through their ends. The o extensions or end portions' 2 ot the yoke may be fiat and in the plane o! the enlarged intermediate portion 1' or they may be curved longitudinally liti as shown in Fles t and 9 in which case a drel 5 when applied to the yoke will m spaced well away from the body portion of the yoke and greater protection adorded against burning the scalp when the curler is in use. Side walls or anges 2 extend along sides of the yoke to prevent condensed steam from dripping from the yoke during a curling operation. f

The yoke is to be firmly attached to a look oi hair 6 during a curling operation and in order to do so, the enlarged intermediate portion of the yoke is formed with a hair receiving age or recess 'l disposed in opposed relation to a corresponding recess or passage 8 formed in a circular plate or disc 9. The plate or disc 9 is disposed beneath the eged central portion of the yoke where it is y secured by a central stud or shank 10 and about this shank is formed a hub 1l so that when the shank is passed through an opening 12 formed centrally of the yoke and its end upset to form a rivet head. the disc 9 will be very iirmly secured but for the major portion of its area spaced slightly from the yoke. it should also be noted that the stud or not only serves to nrmly hold the disc 9 in place but also prevents this disc from turning. The disc and intermediate portion oi the yoke form upper and lower walls of the hair engaging lock and in order to grip a lock of hair engaged through the aligned recesses or passages 7 and 8, there has been provided a gripper 13 in the form of a collar 1i which is rotatable about the disc 9 and carries an inwardly extending flange 15. mds of the collar and flange or plate 15 are sced from each other a distance corresponding to the width of the rel cesses 7 and 8 in order that ends of the collar and flange will terminate ush with side edges oi the recesses when the gripper is in the open position shown in )Figure 1i and the central 'i fm: formed through the plate and deg an inner marginal edge for the ge l5 is oi such shape that while a portion extends about the hub il concentric thereto to prevent transverse shifting oi the gripper and guide rotary motion thereof, the remainder of the free side edge oi the ange extends spirally and forms one end portion of the gripper into a ringer l'l which gradually increases in width and has a cam edge serving to iorce a lock of hair toward inner ends of the recesses 7 and 9 and y grip the hair when the gripper is moved to the closed or operative position shown inrigure 5. The disc 9 is reduced in diameter for a portion of its circerence, thereby forming shoulders i8 and i9 engageable by a pin 20 projecting inwardly from the harige ld at the free end of the hnger l'l. By this arrangement, the gripper may be turned in one direction until the pin engages the shoulder 19 and a gripper will then be in the opened position shown in Figures 3 and d. migagement of the pin 20 with the shoulder i9 will limit rotation oi the gripper in an operative direction but when a lock of hair is engaged through the recesses 'l and 8, it will be wedged tightly into inner end portions of these recesses and fi. :n1: ly gripped by the @nger l? before the pin 20 contacts with the shoulder i9.

When this improved curler is in use, a lock of hair in bunched formation is engaged through the aligned recesses 'I and 8 and the gripper then moved to a hair gripping position. The lock of hair is then flattened and after its free end been engaged between the ndrel and the keeper 21 pivoted thereto. rotation is imp to the mandrel to wind the dat lock oi hair about the mandrel as shown in :a` d until the lock gesamt of hair has been appro `ltely entirely wound upon the i adrel.

When the lock of hair has been fully wrapped on the drel and the latter positioned properly with respect to the yoke, as will be more fully described herebelow, that portion of the lock of hair leading from the gripper to the mandrel will take a fan-like ortion, as best disclosed by Figure 9 oi' the drawing.

Pintles 22 and 29 carrying turning heads 24 and 25'are then engaged in the socket d of the yoke arm 3. The pintle 23 is rigid with one end of the mandrel and circular in cross section so that it may be rotated in the socket of the yoke into which it ts, but the pintle 22 is rectangular in cross section in order that when it is tted into a socket of the yoke, it will be held against rotation. This pintle 22 extends into a pocket 26 formed in one end portion of the mandrel as shown in Figure l0 and has an enlarged portion 27 rotatably received in a bushing or be 2d which ts into the outer end portion of the pocket 26 where it is fusi-'f secured by p 29. There has also been provided a collar 39 at the inner end of the enlargement 27 to engage the inner end of the bushing and prevent outwar movement of the pintle. This collar or naar 30 also acts as an anchor for one end oi' a strand of strong resilient wire coiled about the inner end portion of the pintle and having its free ends rictionally enga walls of the pocket 2d. The free ends of the wire coil will bite into and lrictionally grip walls of the pocket when an attempt is made to rotate the mandrel in one direction, but permits the'mandrel to be freely rotated in the opposite direction. Therefore, the ndrel can only be rotated in one direction when the pintle 22 is engaged with the yoke and this is the proper direction for winding the lock of hair about the mandrel. Therefore, after the lock of hair has been wound about the zal ior appro its full extent, the pintle ma be engaged in the socket oi the yoke a by grasping the head 25, additio rotation y be impa to mandrel to cplete win oi the hair about the no. drei. As the :1w-:z coil strand 3i prevents retrograde rotation oi? the ndrel, the hair will be reined tightly wound about the im drei. By u, i .'z the gripper 13 oi the lock to the opened position shown in Figure d, the lock oi hair may be moved out of the recess and the yoke y then be disconnected from the mandrel and the lock oi? uncoiled from the mandrel after a curling operation has been completed.

Instead oi constructing the gripper im shown in Figure 3 d provi it with a pin to engage abutment shoulders iced upon the disc 9, it may be constructed as shown in Figure 13. Referring to this gure, it will be seen that the collar 32 his snugly about a plate or 'me 33 n the place oi the disc 9 which is in the form of a corresponding to the recess t. The fwf': die projects radially from the collar lugs 3o are formed upon the yokeior engagement by this o: -f handle to t rotahonoi' the minimi )liti les circulardisc except for the recess 34. y

ing a curling operation, the p should be formed of fiber board or other suitable heat resisting material. The two sections are of duplicate shape and each is arcuate in form with its end portions extended and forming arms having arcuate edges of 180 degrees. The arms terminate in spaced relation to each other as shown at 41 to form recesses having arcuate inner ends which cooperate with each other to form a hair receiving passage 42 when the shield is in a closed position. Certain of the arms of the two sections are connected by a rivet 40 serving as a pivot and therefore, the sections may be swung about this rivet from the opened position shown in Figure 12 in which a lock of hair may be engaged in the recess 41 of the section 38 to a closed position shown in Figure 11 and a circular shield will then be formed having a central opening for the tube through which the hair will pass. In view of the fact that this opening 42 is circular, the lock of hair will be vbunched and in this bunehed formation may then be engaged through the recesses '1 and 8 of the yoke and firmly gripped. Pads 43 and 44 are glued or otherwise firmly secured against the sections 38 and 39 of the shield and are so cut that the pad section 43 has arms at its ends conforming to the curvature of edges of the arms of the section 38. While the pad section 44 has its intermediate portion extending as shown at 45 to llt between the arms of the pad section 43 and side edges -of this extension are curved to conform to the curvature of edges of the end portions of the pad section 43. Therefore, when the shield section 39 is swung to an opened position or to a closed position, the pad section 44 will ride about one end portion or arm of the pad section 43 and when the shield. is closed, the two pad sections will cooperate to form a circular pad. This pad is formed of thick i'elt or other suitable materials and since it bears against the rear face of the lock carried by the yoke, it will serve not only to very effectively shield the scalp from heat but also cause the yoke to be spaced well away from the head. It should also be noted that the shield forming sections have their margins anged to form a bordering wall 37' which encircles the pad and also ts about the lock of the yoke and will retain the shield in proper relation to the yoke and also catch any condensation which may leak from the yoke.

It is apparent from the above description, taken in connection with the illustrations made in the drawing, that this particular curling device ls used in what is known as a Croquignole" method of permanently waving hair.

From the foregoing description of the construction of my improved hair curler, the operation thereof and the method of applying the same to use will be readily understood. It will be seen that I have provided a simple, inexpensive and eflicient means for carrying out the objects of the invention.

While I have particularly described the elements best adapted to perform the4 functions set forth, it is obvious that various changes in form, proportion and in the minor details of construction may be resorted to without departing from the spirit or sacrificing any of the principles of the invention.

Having thus described claimed'is: l

1. In a hair curler, the combination with a hair lock, and a yoke having arms extending from opposite sides of said lockwith their end portions projecting away from the lock, of a mandrel extending longitudinally of said yoke with its end the invention, what is polltions removably engaged with the arms of the yo e.

2. In a hair curler, the combination with a yoke having a passage for a lock of hair intermediate its ends and 'its end portions forming arms, ofA a hair lock carried by said yoke and including a gripper movable into and out of position to extend across the passage of the yoke and grip hair extending through the same, and a mandrel extending longitudinally of said yoke and removably engaged with the arms thereof.

3. In a hair curler, the combination with a yoke having a slot for a lock of hair intermediate its ends and its end portions forming arms, of a hair lock carried by said yoke and including a gripping element rotatably mounted for movement into and out of position to extend across the passage of the yoke and grip hair extending through the same, and a mandrel extending longitudinally of said yoke and removably engaged with the arms thereof.

4. In a hair curler, the combination with a yoke having a passage for a lock of hair leading from a side edge intermediate its ends and its end portions of the yoke forming arms, of a hair gripper carried by said yoke and including a circular plate spaced from the yoke and formed with a passage aligned with the passage of the yoke, a collar rotatable about said plate and having its ends spaced to provide an entrance moved into registry with passages of. the yoke and plate by rotating the collar about the plate, a circumferentially extending ange extending from said y collar between the plate and yoke and moving across the passages into position to grip hair passing through the passages when the collar is turned in one direction about the plate, means being provided to limit rotation of thecollar about the plate, and a mandrel removably engaged with the arms of said yoke.

5. In a hair curler, the combination with a yoke having a passage for a lock of hair leading from a side edge intermediate its ends and its end portions of the yoke forming arms, of a hair gripper' carried by said yoke and including a circular plate spaced from the yoke and formed with a passage aligned with the passage of the yoke, a collar rotatable about said plate and having its ends spaced to provide an entrance moved into registry with passages of the yoke and plate by rotating the collar about the plate, a circumferentially extending flange extending from said collar between the plate and yoke and moving across the passages when the collar is rotated in one direction, said flange gradually increasing in width from one end and forming a cam adapted to move a lock of hair towards inner ends of the passages and firmly grip the hair in a compact bunch when the collar is turned in one direction about the plate, means being provided to limit rotation of the collar about the plate, and a mandrel removably engaged with the arms of said yoke.

6. In a hair curler, the combination with a yoke having a passage for a lock of hair intermediate its ends and its end portions forming arms, of a hair gripper carried by said yoke and including a circular plate spaced from the yoke and formed with a passage aligned with the passage of the yoke, a collar rotatable about said plate and having its ends spaced to provide an entrance moved into registry with passages of the yoke and plate by rotating the collar about the plate, a circumferentially extending flange extending from said collar between the plate and yokel and moving across the passages when the collar is rotated in one direction, said flange gradually increasing in width from one end and forming a cam adapted to move a lock of hair towards inner ends of the passages and firmly grip the hair in a compact bunch when the collar .is turned in one direction about the plate, said plate being formed with abutment shoulders spaced from each other circumferentially of the plate and the collar having a tooth to engage the shoulders and limit rotation of the collar about the plate, and a mandrel removably engaged with arms of the yoke.

'i'. lin a hair curler, the combination with a yoke having a passage for a lock of hair intermediate its ends and its end portions forming arms, of a hair gripper carried by said yoke and including a circular plate spaced from the yoke and formed with a passage aligned with the passage of the yoke, a collar rotatable about said plate and having its ends spaced to provide an entrance moved into registry with passages of the yoke and plate by rotating the collar about the plate, a circumferentially extending flange extending from said collar between the plate and yoke and moving across the passages when the collar is rotated in one direction, said flange gradually increasing in width from one end and forming a cam adapted to move a lock of hair towards inner ends of the if :i: and iirmly grip the hair in a compact bunch when the collar is turned in one direction about the plate, a turning handle extending outwardly from said collar, lugs carried by said yoke at opposite sides of the collar for engagement by the handle to limitrotation of the collar about the plate, and a mandrel removably engaged with arms of the yoke.

8. In a hair curler, the combination with a yoke having arms at its ends, of a gripper intermediate the le :u '1 of said yoke for gripping a lock of hair, in bunched ration, a mandrel removably engaged with the a of mid yoke, the portions of the yoke between the lock and arms being curved longitu to dispose the mandrel well away from a persons scalp.

g received in the sockets oi? said lo. In a curler, the combination with a member having at its ends, formed Awith sockets opening through their iree ends, oi a lock intediate the le of said meer for gripping a lock or mi f and a mandrel removabh received in said sockets and rotatable in only' one ction when in place.

li. In a hair curler, the combination with a mer ha a at its ends, formed with sockets ope .a i through their free ends, of m for gripping a lock of hair mounted intermediate the length of the member, and a drei extending longitudinally of said meer between the having pintles at its ends removably received in the sockets.

i2. In a hair curler, the combination with a one piece yoke having at its endsbfo with sockets opening through their free ends, a gripper for a lock of hair movably mounted intermediate the length of the yoke, ot a mandrel extending longitudinally of said yoke between the and having pintles at its ends removably received in the sockets, one pintle being rigid with the vmandrel and having an z` meansat its outer end and the other pintle being rotatably engaged in the with the mandrel and held against t fr: .i socket in which it rits.

i3, In a hair curler, the combination of a yoke having arms at its ends, formed with sockets opening through their free ends, of a drel errtending longitudinally of said yoke between the arms and having pintles at its ends removably received in the sockets, one pintle being rigid with the mandrel and having a turning head at its A outer end, the other end of the mandrel being formed with a pocket rotatably receiving the other pintle, the last mentioned pintle being held against rotation in the socket of the yoke in which it nts, and means being provided to permit rotation of the mandrel in only one direction.

11i. In a hair curler, ,thecombination with a yoke having a passage for receiving a lock of hair intermediate its ends and its end portions forming arms, of a mandrel removably engaged with arms of said yoke, a hair gripper carried by said yoke at the opposite side thereof from said mandrel in operative relation to said passage to grip a lock of hair passed through the pe, and a shield adapted to grip the lock of hair and having a pad to bear against the hair gripping lock carried by the yoke.

l5. In a hair curler, the combination with a yoke having a passage for a lock of hair intermediate its ends and its end portions forming arms, of a mandrel removably engaged with arms of said yoke a-lock carried by said yoke at the opposite side thereof from said a. drel in operative relation to said passage to grip a lock oi' hair passed through the passage. and. a shield to protect the scalp from heat consisting of a disk having arcuate sections having ends pivoted to each other and movable into overlapping relation to each other to define a .passage for' a lock of hair and y grip hair passing through the same, and pad sections xed to front faces of said sections for movement relative to each other when the shield sections are moved into and out of a gripping position, said pad being disposed to bear against the hair gripping lock of said yoke.

ld. In a hair curler, the combination with a yoke having its intermediate portion formed with a passage for receiving a lock of hair and arms extending in opposite directions from the intermediate portion, the intermediate portion and arms having marginal walls to retain condensation, of means carried by the intermediate portion of said yoke to grip a lock of hair engaged through the passage, and a mandrel engageable with the arms oi the yoke.

17.111 a hairL curler, the combination with a yoke having a passage for receiving a lock of hair intermediate its ends and its end portions forming s, of a mandrel removably engaged with arms of said yoke, a lock carried by said yoke at the opposite side thereof from said mandrel in operative relation to said passage to grip a lock of hair passed through the passage, and a eld adapted to grip the lock of hair and having a pad to bear against the hair gripping. lock cari ried by the yoke, the shield being formed with a marginal flange extending about the pad and tting about the lock of the yoke.

i8. nfa hair curler, the combination with a yoke having a passage for receiving a lock of hair intermediate itsends and its end portions torming arms, oi a mandrel removably engaged with arms of said yoke, a lock carried by said yoke at the opposite 'side .'e en' i from said mandrel in operative relation to said passage to grip a lock of hair passed through the passage, and a shield adapted to grip the lock of hair and having a pad to bear against the hair gripping lock carried by the yoke, the shield being formed with a circumierentially extending wall encircling the pad;

le. ln a hair curler, the combination with an element having upstanding arms at its ends, of means intermediate the length of said member tor tightly gripping a lock of hair in bunched formation, and a mandrel adapted to be wrapped with the hunched hair removably engaged with the arms of said member.

20. In a hair curling device, the combination with a member having upstanding arms at its ends, of means intermediate the length of said member for tightly gripping a lock of hair in a cluster, and a mandrel adapted to be wrapped with the clustered hair removably engaged with the arms oi' said member, whereby when said mandrel with the hair wrapped thereon is supported on said member, the hair will take a fanlilre formation between the means for gripping and the mandrel.

21. In a hair curling device, the combination with a supporting element; of means carried thereby for tightly gripping a lock of hair in a cluster, and a mandrel adapted to be wrapped with the clustered lock of hair removably engaged with said support in spaced relation to said gripping means, whereby when said mandrel with the hair wrapped thereon is supported with respecttosaidgrippingmeanathehairwilltake a. fan-like formation therebetween.

22. In a hair curling device, the combination with a supporting member and means intermediate the ends of said member for gripping a lock oi hair in a cluster adjacent the scalp of a head; of a mandrel for winding the clustered lock of hair from its ends toward the scalp adapted to be supported on said member.

23. In a hair curling device, theJ combination with a supporting member and means intermediate the ends thereof tor gripping a lock of hair in a. cluster adjacent the scalp o! a head; of a rotatable mandrel mounted on said supporting member and around which the clustered lock ofhairisadaptedtobewrappediromitsends toward the scalp.

- WILLIAM H. COOPER.

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