US1923374A - Locomotive boiler - Google Patents

Description

Aug. 22, 1933. w. H. HINSCH ET AL LocomoTIvi: BOILER Filed April 16, 1931 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 o n o O 0 o I o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0.

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Au 22, 1933. w. H. HINSCH ET AL LOCOMOTIVE BOILER 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed April 16, 1931 howl Imfen rs 11% MM a212,

Patented Aug. 22, 1933 r UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE .LOCOMOTIVE BOILER Walter H. Hinsch and John Baker, Chicago, Ill., assignors to Locomotive Firebox Company, Chicago, 11]., a Corporation of Delaware Application April 16, 1931. Serial No. 530,520

4 Claims. (01. 122-466) This invention relates to improvements in 1000- Among the'many objects of our invention. is motive boilers and it consists of the matters hereto provide a boiler wherein power is not so deinafter described and more particularly pointed pendent upon enormous sizes but is more deout in the appended claims. pendent upon positioning the parts thereof ..The conventional locomotive boiler includes a wherein t ey a e e effecfiiveto produce the 60. barrel having a firebox at one end and a smoke desired results and at the same time keep the box at the other, with the fire tubes or flues eX- cost within reason. tending between said boxes and passing through Another object of Our invention 15 to Provide the single compartment for both the water and a boiler of this kind arrangedvin sections or comsteam. While greater power has been obtained partments whereby it is not necessary to heat 65 by increasing boiler dimensions, certain factors t e entire Water content of the boiler through are present which limit the size of the same. cu at but y a small part amount However, power dema d have increa ed a d thereof so that steam eneration will be more these must be met without further enlarging sizes ef ic ent and as this Water is diminished due to which have reached a practical limit because with such steam generation, 1 is replenished so s longer barrels, longer tubes are necessary and keep this amount constant from another boiler these all increase the cost withoutaproportionate Compartment Containing feed Water that is power value. heated to proper feeding temperature bygases Many of such boilers are equipped with superand Combustion products av temperatures heaters in the form of return bend tubes dis-. reduced y 811011 Steam generation.

posed in the forward or smoke box d fthe top Still a further object of the invention. is to tiers of tubes which must be enlarged in diamp v a boiler this kind which includes a eter to receive the superho t r t b superheater compartment located in a part of While such superheater tubes are effective to the boiler w y r at r sup h at r fia certain extent so far as increased efficiency is 37 is attained W t out Sacrificing steam gen? so concerned, they require frequent attention that crating efficiency and at the same e p must withdraw the locomotive from service. The mits of ta i off such superheated steam at flues in which such superheater tubes are dis-- p t closer to its point of actual use in the r posed, are prone to plug up and the superheate cylinders and which point in this instance is at tubes themselves quickly deteriorate under the the bottom of the boilerabrasive action of the products of combustion. still another Object of our invention is to Again, such superheatertubes being disposed in Vide a boiler of this kind made in a p ty the smoke box end of the flues, remote from the of sections comprising Steam generating, Steam firebox ends, only the rear end part of the supersuperheafiing and feed Water heating Comparta heater tubes are in that zone wherein gas or merits, in the Order named and by SheetS'9O combustion products temperature is higher than and tubes of lesser length than now usedmay superheat temperature with the result that the be employed with greater factor in strength front ends of such tubes give up their heat to and ysaid gases or products of combustion with a re- The above mentioned Objects of the invention 40 duction of temperature in that end desired to as Wen as others together with themany'ad have the highest temperature. In other words. vantages thereof will more fully appear as We with the present type of superheaters, less than" proceed with our Specification half of the superheating surfaceis effective for drawingszf its intended pu pgse Fig. 1 IS a longitudinal central section through In the relatively long boiler where n both all but the smoke box or m end of q' v r in o r in enti n. boiler water and generated steam are contained g gs 11.32 3 :33 lg g ti al secin the same compartment, to provide an eificient fional views through the il as taken on the generation of steam, the entire water content lines 2-2,,3-3 and 44 respectively of Fig. 1. 5i) must be kept 1n cn'culatlon both fore and aft Fig. 5 is alongitudinal vertical sectional View i equalize h temperatuife the entire of on an enlarged scale of the mid portion of the wa th rw a tl a l n n am en r improved boiler and illustrates more specifically result and qulet areas develOP B i b01161 the superheater compartment and the adjacent.

m fi favorable muddy po its with he ends of the steam generatingand feed water 5o ob ectionable efiects well known. heating. compartments. i

In general, our improved. locomotive boiler is of theconventional shape and includes the usual, horizontally disposed cylindrical boiler shell formed therein with associated'flu'esheets to divide the shell as a whole into a steam generating compartment, a superheater compartment,

.and'a feed water heating compartment in the order named. I

In the steam generating compartment is the usual firebox and at the front end ofthe boiler is the usual smoke box. Fire tubes are provided in the various compartments for the passage of the products of combustion; As the steam is generated it passes to the superheater compartment where it must follow atortuous or zig zag path before passing to the cylinders for use under the control of the throttle valve. Thus the water is acted upon by those parts of highest temperature to generate the same into steam, and the steam is superheated by the products of combustionat that point wherein said products have not as yet lowered tothat tempera-- ture lower than the steam. Thereafter these products which are now incapable of generating steam and superheating the same are employed for feed water heating whereby every heat unit performs its function so that not only is the highest'boiler efficiency attained but a corresponding savingin fuel is likewise attained.

Referring now indetail .to that embodiment of the invention illustrated in the drawings and especially to Fig. 1 thereof. 1 indicates as a'whole thetubular 'shell of the boiler made up of a plurality of sections 2, 3 and 4 respectively to provide a steam generating compartment 5 at the rear end of the shell, a second and superheater compartment 6 forward thereof and a feedwater heating compartment 7 forward of said superheating compartment, a smoke box 8 being joined -'to the front end of the shell in the usual manner.

Centrally of the top of the smoke box is a stack 9-and at the bottom of the smokebox and connected thereto as by the usual saddle are the cylinders 10 and steam chests '11 respectively.

The compartments 5 and 6 are separated-by longi' tudinally spaced'flue sheets 12 and 13 respectively defining a chamber 14 while the compartments 6 and 7 are separated by longitudinally spaced fiuesheets 15 and 16 respectively, defining a chamber 17 and thefeed water heating compartment is separated from the smoke box by a vfiue'sheet 8*. To the top of the boiler shell above the compartment l4is secured a dome 18 the dome whereby steam may pass from the generating compartment into the superheating compartment as is best shown by the arrows in Fig.

5. Suitably arranged in the shell in the plane of the chamber 14 is a manhole and cover 20.

The'topiof theshell above the chamber 17 is provided with a manhole 21 and .associated shallow dome 22 adapted to receivea cover that is not shown. By means of said manholes and covers, a workman may enter the chambers when so necessary.

l-associated sheets of the shell to provide the usual side water legs (not shown) and the front and rear water legsv 27 and 28 respectively all communicating-with said compartment 5 in the usual manner and bottomed byxthe mud ring '29. In the firebox is located one or more wa' and a ter steaming and circulating elements 30, having an elongated fiat hollow top discharge end that opens through the crown sheet 26 tubular inlet neck 31 that opens through that bottom part of the hue sheet 24 that forms one of the walls of the front water leg or throat 2'7. Connecting the flue-sheets 12 and 24 is a nest of relatively short fire tubes or flues 32, the height of which nest is determined by the height of the flue sheet 24.

Connecting the fiue sheets 16 and 8 respectively and disposed in the compartment 7 is a nest of relatively short fire tubes or flues 33 and which. nestis of a height greater than that of the nest of tubes 32 in the compartment 5. In the compartment 6 is provided a nest of fire tubes or Flues 34 connected 'at their ends in the flue sheets 13 and 15 respectively. Preferably these tubes are of a diameter less than that of the tubes 33 and are disposed in alignment therewith so that should it ever be necessary to remove and replace any of said tubes 34, the same may be done through the'tubes 33 from the smoke box end of the boiler.

In the compartment 6 is located a plurality of vertically spaced bafile plates 35, alternate ones of which are fixed at one end to the flue sheet 13 and are spaced attheir other end from the,

flue sheet15 while the intermediate ones are fixed at one end to the flue sheet 15 and are spaced at their other ends from the flue sheet 13.

As shown these baflies provide a tortuous back and forth passage through the compartment 5 with the saturated steamentering the compart-I ment from the rear end at the top and with the superheated steam leaving said compartment from the front end at the bottom. To the bottom front end of this compartment is connected the rear end of a steam pipe 36 which extends forwardly and is there provided with branches 38 which'in turn are connected to'the steam chests 1111. Entrance of steam into the branches is controlled by a throttle valve '39 which as is apparent isjdisposed outside the boiler instead of inside of the same as is heretofore customary.

At the forward end of the feed water heating compartment at the top of the shell is formed a top injector flange '40 whereby water may be fed into thefeed waterheating compartment land connecting said compartment with the steam generating compartment at one side of the boiler is a conduit 41 in which is interposed a feed pump 42 whereby heated feed water maybe transferred and the shell isprovided with openings 19 under as required'from the compartment 7 into the compartment 5 against the relatively high pressure therein.

In the operation of the boiler thus far described, and with a level of water in the compartment'5 of suflicient height-to cover thecrown sheet, it is apparent that the body of water therein is relatively small in comparison to that wherein the entire shell comprises both the water containing and steam generating chamber. It is further apparent that this small body is more rapidly and efficiently heated for the generation of steam not only by the firebox sheets but also by.

the flues 32. Thus water heatingand steaming generating action is materially increased by the syphonic action of the elements 30 which increases the circulation of water in said compartment by withdrawing itfrom the bottom of the compartment and discharging it into the top of said compartment above the crown sheet. Thus by operating upon a relatively small body of water at a time, the steam generating capacity is greatly increased and fuel consumption is reduced in proportion. V

. As the products of combustion leave the firebox, they enter and pass through the flues 3 2- into the chamber 14 and from there enter the tubes 34 to pass into the chamber 17-. i From this last mentioned chamber they enter the tubes 33 and pass into the smoke box to be discharged up the stack 9 in the usual manner.

The steam generated in the compartment 5 passes through the openings 19 beneath the dome 18, into the compartment 6 where it is caused to follow a tortuous or zig zag path fore and aft, through the nest of tubes 34 therein and as the products of combustion passing through said tubes are at a relatively high temperature, such steam is superheated before it enters the pipe 36 on its way to the cylinders 10. Of course, after these products have given up a part of their heat units in the superheating of the steam in the compartment 6, they pass into the tubes 33 to be discharged into the smoke box. However, in their passage through these tubes, they give up more heat units in the heating of the feed water but by the time they have reached these tubes, they are reduced to that temperature wherein they are incapable of steam generation.

As the Water diminishes in the compartment 5 due to its generation into steam, the feed pump 42 is started into operation to pump heated feed water into said compartment 5 but as this Water is at relatively high temperature its introduction into the compartment 5 in no way chills the same to that extent that makes the generation of steam erratic. Thus a full head of steam without power loss can be maintained.

Thus in the improved boiler the various compartments are so relatively located with respect to gas (or products of combustion) temperatures -as to create a maximum thermal head with a corresponding increase in the extraction of the heat units oifered to the boiler. Thus feed water comes into contact with heating surfaces receiving the lowest flue gas temperatures in a fors ward compartment whereas steam generation and superheating takes place at the rear end of the boiler where the highest fiue gas temperatures exist. This arrangement is advantageous as it maintains thegreatest thermal head of heat transfer from gases through the various sheets and fines to the water and steam.

By arranging the superheater chamber inia close proximity to the firebox, it is possible to so design or form the heating surfaces as to extract additional heat from the gases by maintaining greater variation between the heat giving and heat receiving elements throughout the entire boiler to the foremost flue sheet and therefore in no instance, does a condition arise when n the water or steam isgiving oil heat to the flue gases. Thereby the boiler is possible of a greater thermal heat which increases boiler efliciencies and a higher degree of superheat.

By the arrangement described, many other ad- .vantages are obtained and among these is the omission of the usual superheater units with additional weight, first costs and the usual maingather in the planes of the chambers Hand 17 where no appreciable high interior pressures exist.

No inside throttles are required and it is not necessary to open up the front end with the usual disturbance of draft appliances as isrequired in descending a grade whereby danger of uncovering or exposing the crown sheet above the water level is minimized.

By the use of short flues many structural advantages are attained both in strength and heat transmission qualities and in long-boilers, combustion chambers need not be resorted to. With a reduced volume of water to be operated upon, steam may be raised much faster than in a single compartment boiler. It is also pointed out that by reason of the chamber mentioned between the nests of flues, the larger particles of the products of combustion are broken up into substantially fine particles and are cooled to an extent which prohibits the starting of wayside fire due to the ejection of live sparks up the stack.

While in describing the invention, We have referred in detail to the form,iarrangement and construction of the various correlated parts, the same is to be considered merely as illustrative of one embodiment of the invention so that We do not Wish to be limited thereto except as may be specifically set forth in the appended claims.

We claim as our invention:- I

l. A locomotive boiler embodying therein a boiler shell formed to provide longitudinally spaced steam generating, steam superheating and feed water heating compartments respectively with chambers therebetween, a smoke box associated with one end of the feed water heating compartment, a firebox arranged in said steam generating compartment and including a flue sheet and means providing for the passage of the products of combustion from the firebox to the smoke box and including sets of flues in said steam generating, superheating and feed water heating compartments respectively, the flues in the superheating compartment being of a diameter less than those in the feed water heating compartment and arranged in line therewith.

2. A locomotive boiler embodying therein, a boiler shell, a flue sheet at the front end thereof, a firebox at the rear end thereof and including a flue sheet; means providing pairs of longitudinally spaced flue sheets between said flue sheet at the forward end of the shell and said firebox flue sheet which flue sheets define a steam generating compartment, a superheating compartment and a feed water heating compartment bers therebetween and sets of flues disposed in the various compartments'andsecured at their ends in said flue sheets the flues in heating compartment being in line with and smaller in diameter than the flues in one of the other compartments.

3. A locomotive boiler embodying therein a boiler shell formed to provide a plurality of Ion-, gitudinally spaced, end and intermediate compartments, with chambers therebetween, a smoke box associated with one end of one of the end compartments, a firebox arranged in the other end compartmentfand including a flue sheet, and means providing for the passage of the products of combustion from the firebox to the with chamsaid supersmoke box andincluding sets 01 lines in said end and intermediate compartments, the flues in the intermediate compartment beingof a diameter less than those in one of said end compartments and arranged in line therewith.

4. A locomotive boiler embodying therein a boiler shell formed to provide a plurality of longitudinally spaced front, intermediate and rear end compartments with chambers therebetween,

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