US1906065A - Magneto-electric machine - Google Patents

Description

April 25, 1933. E. E. HOFFMAN 1,906,065

MAGNETO-ELECTRIC MACHINE Filed Oct. 2, 1929 5 Sheets-Sheet l A TTORNE Y.

April 25, 1933. E, E HOFFMAN 1,906,065

MAGNETOjELECTRIC MACHINE Filed Oct. 2, 1929 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 IN VEN TOR,

lar] Z.' Kaff/11m,

A TTORNE Y.

April 25, 19332` E, E HOFFMAN 1,906,065

MAGNETO-ELECTRIC MACHINE Filed Oct. 2, 1929 5 Sheets-Sheet C5 I lijf/ f.;

l f i 1 INVENTOR, Zzf'l Haffffza/z,

A TTORNE Y.

April 25, 1933. E. E. HOFFMAN 1,906,065

MAGNETO-ELECTRI C MACHINE Filed Oct, 2, 1929 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENToR, Ef/zr] E. Hoff/nmz,

BY @ZZ/vu; fw.

A TTORNE Y.

April 25, 1933. E, E, HOFFMAN l 1,906,065

MAGNETO-ELECTRIG MACHINE Filed 001;. 2,1929 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 BY ,Mw/m

ATTORNEY.

Patented A'pr. 25, 1933 UNITED fs'rATl-:s

E. HOFFMAN, OF SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS MAeNETo-ELECTRIC MACHINE Application led October 2, 1929. Serial o. 396,819.

This invention Vrelates to Vimprovements in magneto electric machines of the type in which a reciprocable ,f armature is employed for producing a quicky and sudden change in the magnetic flux.

My invention has for an object to provide, in any and all of the forms of the same, which are shown and describedin a magneto electric machine, a reciprocable l@ armature which is mounted for such movementi in a plane, which is located adjacent to the ends or poles of the cores, and, preferably, in close proximity to the ends of soft iron core pieces. In this type of magneto, it is very desirable that the movable armature does not actually contact with the ends of the cores or other pole pieces for various reasons, among which` may be mentioned is the entire elimination of noise, and

further to lessen the mechanical effort,

necessarily required to' Withdraw the armature from contact with the pole pieces, or in other Words, to overcome most of the magnetic attraction. This is a formr of inagneto which now constitutes a part of the prior art.

A further object is to provide a magneto electro machine that permits of slow speeds being imparted to the armature.

A further object is to provide means, not only for reciprocating the armature, but also, to store up potential or dynamic energy in the form of a spring or springs, or other structure, Which When its stored energy is released, Will operate yto impart a decided impulsive or accelerative action to the armature and a quick reciprocable movement to the same, whereby the rate of change in the magnetic il'uX Will operate to `induce a high 40 voltage in the windings of the current generating coils of a spark circuit, `vvhen the magneto is employed for ignition purposes.

A further object, among others, isto so shape or form the reciprocable armature and its co-operating pole pieces, forthe purpose of bringing about a high rate of change in the magnetic flux in order that a secondary current of high voltage vmay be generated. In one 'form of my armature, notches or recesses, are provided `which co-operate with 5o the pole pieces, either of a permanent magnet or the poles ,of soft iron cores. In another .orm of armature, the reverse is employed, namely, forming projections on the armature, which when operated, are moved close to but not in actual contact vvith the pole pieces, orfaces of the same.

In still another form of my invention, in which the same principle is involved, the armature is guided in its reciprocable movedo ments and the poles are supported by a nonfcrrous metal.

Different modes, or structures for supporting and locating the primary and secondary current kgenerating coils are employed, namely, Within the poles of a fixed or permanent magnet, and, on a soft 0r laminated iron core, in Which structure, a projection is formed on the armature Which is located close to the poles of the said core.

A further embodiment of my invention resides in different means for actuating the reciprocable armature from some moving part of an internal combustion engine, as eccentrics, cams With let-olf shoulders. The expansive force of a spring under Vcompression may be employed for returning the armature, when actuated by an eccentric, a cam, or other equivalent means. In this instance, a follow-up roller onthe armature S0 may be employed' which engages the eccentric, cani or equivalent device. Independent means is provided for impartinganv accelerative movement to the armature.-

' Suitable means areprovided for support- 85 ing the reciprocable armature out of actual Contact With the poles or cores of the machine, as rollers, guide casings, as will be fully described in the body of the description, and pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings, which illustrate my invention, Fig. 1 is an elevational view, partly in section, showing a conventional form of magneto with an armature mounted for lateral reciprocation, adjacent the pole pieces.

Fig. 2 illustrates the first position of the armature shown in Fig. 1, after its movement towards the left hand.

Fig. 3 illustrates a second position of the armature towards the right hand.

Fig. 4 is a detail view of one form of a make and break mechanism, which is actuated from the armature during its reciprocation.

Fig. 5 is a cetail view of a modification in which projections are employed on the armature and any suitable means is understood to be employed for reciprocating the armature.

Fig. 6 illustrates an eccentric drive for the armature with a compression spring for following up the movements of the eccentric.

Fig. 7 is a. detail end View on the line 7 7 of Fig. 8 showing a further modification in which the reciprocable armature is guided and supported in a casing and which armature is located adjacent the inner vertically arranged pole pieces.

Fig. 8 is a bottom plan view of Fig. 7 showing the armature and its supporting casing and guide and the laminated pole pieces.

Fig. 9 is a view of a let-oit' tuating the armature.

Fig. 10 is a detail plan view armature of Fig. 8 removed.

Fig. 11 is a detail view of a. modification ofthe armature, shown in Fig. 8 with projections.

Fig. 12 illustrates a form in which apermanent magnet or a permanent source of magnetic flux is reciprocated across the ends of the core.

Fig. 13 is an end view of Fig. 12.

Fig. 14 is a view of a further modification in which the pole ends of the core are turned inward into a horizontal plane and a reciproca'ble permanent magnet located therebetween.

Fig. 15 is a sectional view on the line 15-15 of Fig. 14.

Fig. 16 illustrates a. further modification in which the primary and secondary coils surround the reciprocable armature which coils are located between the poles of a permanent magnet, and the armature is reciprocated in close proximity to the poles.

Fig. 17 is a side elevational view of Fig. 16.

Fig. 1S is a sectional view considered in a vertical plane illustrating a reciprocable armature formed with notches, and a coil having primary and secondary windings, and

cam for acshowing the oppositely located permanent magnets having laminated pole pieces, located adjacent the notches of the armature.

Fig. 19 illustrates a device or means for positioning the accelerator into and out of? operative engagement with the armature.

Fig. 20 is a modification of means for imparting an impulse or accelerative efl'ect to the armature.

Figs. 21, 22 and 23 show details of a modification of the usual driving connections of an armature of a magneto assembled in an enclosed magneto structure.

Referring to the drawings in detail, 1 designates a permanent magnet of the bar type for supplying a fixed or permanent magnetic flux. Several of these may be arranged side by side to form a compound magnet. 2 designates the soft iron laminated core pieces which are secured to the ends of the permanent magnet 1 in any suitable way (not shown). The poles of the soft iron core pieces 2 are indicated at 3, which are connected together by means of the bar 4 of non-magnetic material. 5 designates an armature composed of lamina` tions of soft iron, which is mounted for lateral or other directional reciprocation in the bearing pieces 6, 7 8 and 9 and in close proximity to the poles, 3, which proximity distance may be any desirable one. These bearing pieces are shown as being located in and supported by the enclosing casing 10, preferably of bakelite or other non-mag netic material, which may be molded. The armature 5 is formed with cutout or recessed portions l1 and 12, the length otl which recessed portions is greater or less than the width of poles 3 of the core pieces 2, or varied as experiment may determine. Suitable means is provided for reciprocating the armature 5, from aI conveniently located and moving part of a machine with which it is associated, as an internal combustion engine, which utilizes the spark current generated in the secondary windings of the current generating windings.

As shown, a depending member 13 is secured to the armature 5 to which the link 14 is pivotally connected at 15. This link is secured to the eccentric 16, 17 being the operating shaft and 18 the strap which encircles the eccentric 16 that is connected to the link 14.

In Fig. 2, the armature 5 is shown approximately in its first position, after being moved towards the left hand. In this po` sition, the poles 3 ot the cores 2 are opposite the two projections 19 and 2O of the armature. The magnetic flux in this position is now established, or closed, from the permanent magnet 1, through the cores 2 and through the projections 19 and 20.

As the armature 5 is moved in the opposite direction from that shown in Fig. 2, the

permanent magnetic iux or circuit iS quickly broken, as thel recesses 11l and 12 are` moved relative to the poles 3 of the cores 2, whereby acurrent of high voltage is generated in the secondary coil of the generator windings, shown in Fig. 1, at 21 and 22. The rate of change of the magnetic ux is very rapid as the corner portions 5 and 5 ofy the armature 5 pass the adjacent corners 3 and 34'", or in other words, the peaky of the electromotive torce of the induced current would, of course, occur at the instant that these corner portions ot the armature and pole pieces of the cor-e pass by or are moved relative to each other in rapidy succession and in close proximity to each other. The induced current would be substantially a continuous one for the reason that the flux of the magnetic circuit is practically a continuous one. ,It is, o course, obvious that the rate of change ofthe lines ot' force in the making and breaking of the magnetic circuit is dependent upon the rate of reciprocative movement ot the armature 5. Figs. 44 and 18 illustrate `the opening and closing of the circuit by the armature.

In Fig, 4, shown, the reciprocable laminated armature actuates the makeand break device of the primary circuit (see Fig. 23) which comprises the fixed and movable contacts 18 and 24, the movable contact being carried by the lever 25 which is pivotally supported at 26. An expansion spring 27 normally closes the primary circuit in the usual manner. The projection 28 on the armature engages the curved hook part 29 and actuates the lever 25 which opensy the circuit, when it is reciprocated in both directions, the first position being indicated byr the arrow in full line and the second position by the arrow in the dotted line.

In Fig. 5, the reciprocable armature 30 instead of being formed with recesses, as 11 and 12, is formed with the two projections 31 and `32, the width of which projections are substantially equal to the width of the poles 3 of the core pieces.` On each side of these projections, there is formed the recesses 30, 30 and 30". A suitable operating rod 3l is shown attached to the armature 3.() for reciprocating the salne, the projections of which are designed to move in very close proximity to the poles 3 for reducing the reluctance of the magnetic flux by utilizing as small an air gap as possible. It will be seen that when this formof armature is in the position shown, the magnetic circuit is complete, when it is reciprocated into this position by the rod 31. The greatest rate of change in the magnetic iluxr will occur, as the cores of thev poles and the corvners of the projections of the armature are 4moved pasty each other, the depressions in rthe armature serving to momentarily break the magnetic flux.

In 6, is shown an eccentric 32 onthe shaft. 33. Engaging the periphery of the eccentric is ay roller 34 which is connected or attached to the laminated soft iron arma.- ture 30. 35 is an expansive springV which, whenl the armature'is moved toward the left hand end of the figure, is compressed and then gradually expands on the return movement to cause the armature to follow up the rmovements of` theeccentric.

In Figs. and 8, is Villustrated a further modification of the magneto` construction The armature 36, shown in detail in Fig. 10, comprises `a at member of laminated iron with the recesses, 37 and 38. These vrecesses are located opposite the laminated cores 39 and 40 on which the current generating coils 41 and 42, shown. in dott-ed linesl y(Fig. 8)., are pla-ced. These, laminated cores are secured together by means of the bolts 43 which at the same time secure the casing members 44 andy 45 together. The armature 3G" is mounted for reciprocating movements in guide or casing members 44 and 45 that that are secured to the poles 394 and 40 by means ofthe bolts 43.y Y An armature operating link isshown at 48, which is connected to the armature by means of a pin, indicated at 49. It will be noticed in Figs. 8 and 10 that` the recesses 37 `and38 are slightly wider than the width of the poles of the cores, and that the armature passes in close proximity to the vertical inner sides 39 and 40 of the poles of the cores, whereby the fluxy through these cores and `poles is rapidly changed, as the. armature is reciprocated.

Fig. 9 shows a let-off cam for imparting a reciprocating movement tor the armature, shown in Fig.y 6, the let-0H portion being indicated' at 50.

In Fig. 11, an armatureBG is shown with the projections 51, that are approximately of the same length as the width of the. core pieces 39 and 40.

Referring to Figs. l2 and 13, the reciprocable armature 52 comprises a permanent magnet having the soft iron pole pieces or projections 53 and 54 secured thereto which are preferably laminated. These projections are located, as"before,`in close proximity tothe pole ends55 and 56 of the U-shaped core. The primary and secondary coils, indicated at 5.7 and 58, are located on the U-shapedvcore. In this construction, the magnetic ux from the permanent magnet, as the same is reciprocated, will induce currents in the primary and secondary coil windings, it beingl understood that the .primary circuit of the windings is made and broken by a part which is attached` to the armature 52,'as indicated in Figs. 4 and 18@l In Figs. 14 and 15, a reciprocable ypermanent, magnet 59 is shown which is located between the ,inwardly extendingv pole ends 60 andi 61` of the soft iron. laminated cores.

The primary and' secondary current generating coils are indicated at 62, which are mounted on the connecting yoke piece 63, whereby the magnetic ux is completed through the permanent magnet 59 and the sott iron pieces 60', which are secured to the pole ends of the permanent magnet.

In Figs. 16 and 17 is shown a construction in which the permanent magnet employed, the poles of which are provided with the laminated pieces 71 for concentrating the lines of force. 72 is a reciprocable armature built up of soft iron laminations and formed with the recesses 73 and 74. This armature is located in and passes thru an aperture 75 of the primary coil 76. 77 designates the secondary coil. Any suitable means Inay be provided for supporting the coil windings within the permanent magnet. Suitable means, as the link 78, is provided for reciprocating the armature, so that the recesses 73 and 74, pass into and from registration with the pole pieces 71, to cause a high rate of change in the magnetic flux, as the corners 5 and 5 pass by the corners 71 and 71. It is obvious that when the armature is reciprocated, electric currents are generated in the coils 76 and 77 and that the primary circuit is mail@l and broken by the movements of the armature by means o1 a structure similar to that already referred to in connection with Fig. 4.

Fig. 18 illustrates a further modification which may be considered as being located in either a horizontal or in a vertical plane. It comprises two sets of permanent magnets 89 and 90. Secured to the poles of magnet 89 are the laminations of soft. iron 91 and 92 that are secured together with the screws, bolts or rivets 93. Secured to the poles of the permanent magnet 90 are the laminations ot soft iron 94 and 95 which are secured together with the screws, bolts or rivets 9G. 97 and 98 designate the primary and secondary windings respectively of the current inducing coils. The reciprocable armature, indicated at 99, is formed with the two sets of depressions 100 and 101; 102 and 103, which are arranged opposite the respective polar extensions. The electrical connections comprise the wires 23 and 23, which are connected to the primary windings 97, one wire being grounded by the line, indicated at 23'", and, the otner wire connected to the movable contact 24. 24 is a condenser connected across the terminals 23 and 24 with the wires 24 and 24', which is grounded at 26.

Referring to Fig. 19, 101 and 105 desig nate the soft iron cores on which the current generating coils 106 and 107 are placed. 108 indicates a reciprocable armature having the depressions 109 and 110, which are designed to register with the poles of the cores, as the armature is reciprocated in close proximity to their lower ends, as shown. In this figure, means are shown for imparting an impulsive or quick accelerative movement to the armature at the end of its travel in either of its directions. This means, as one form comprises an adjustable plate, indicated at 111, the adjustment consists ot the screw and slot construction 112. Pivotally mounted on this plate, is a two arm lever 113, the pivot being indicated at 114 on the plate. 115 and 116 are two coiled compression springs between the inner ends of which one end of the lever 113 is placed. Located within the springs is a block 113 which is secured to this lever, its other end is located in the path of the part 117 which is secured to the armature 108. 118 is an operating rod that is considered as being connected to some moving part of an internal combustion engine for reciprocating the armature. On this rod are the two sleeves 119 and 120. 121 designates two sets of nuts tor positioning and locking the sleeves at a definite position on the rod 118 ter vary/'ing the tension ot the springs 122 and A123. The compression springs 122 and 123 are located on these sleeve. Located between the inner ends of these springs is a depending part 121 which is lixedly secured to the reciprocable armature 108. The operation ot this construction as follows: lllhen the rod 11S moves in the direction oi the arrow 125, the spring 123 is being compressed, until the part 121 engages the end of the sleeve 120, which acts as a stop. At the same time, the lever 113 is actuated by the rigid part 117 and compresses the spring 110. As the rod 118 continues, its movement, the part 117 will be forced past the lower end of lever 113, which will, of course, assnn'ie a position on the opposite side of 117. 1n the meantime, as the spring 123 has been compressed, it is now free to recoil, which it will do and impart an impulsive accelerative movement to the armature 108, causingl a high rate oit change in the magnetic tlux to take place, as the corners 5 and 5 of the depressions 109 and 110 pass the corners 3 and 3 of the poles 101 and 105, with the result that a high voltage will be induced in the secondary winding ot the current generating coils 10G and 107. The springs 115 and 11G operate, in a meas ure, to cushion the partsI during the movements. The reverse operation is apparent, as the spring' 122 and the sleeve 119 will operate in t same way, as before described. I do not li; it myself to the construction of the adjustable plate 11, as shown. It should be stated, in connection with Fig. 19, that the plate 111 is for the purpose ot' sliding or adjusting the accelerator into and out of engagement, it' desired. In Fig. 20, an alternative construction is shown for imparting an -accelerative movement to the armature 108, which comprises the brackets 126 attached to the armature 108, to which is secured the rod 127 and on which rod the sleeves 119 and 120 and the compression springs 122 and 123 are located. Instead of rod 118,' shown in Fig. 19, I employ the operating link 129. The bracket arm 128 is slidably mounted on the fixed rod 127 In this construction, the springs 122 and 123 and the sleeves 119 and 120 will operate in the same manner as before-described, as the member 128 slides on the rod 127 In practice, the rod 127 may be slidably ymounted inthebrackets 126 and the member 128 secured lto the rod 127. It will be seen from all of these views that they all embody the principle of moving an armature in close proximity to poles, rwhereby a rapid rate of cutting the magnetic lines kof force may be obtained.

Referring to Fig. 21, the recessed armature 13()l is reciprocated in opposite directions by means of the link 131 which is attached to the wheel 132 that is understood to be operatively connected to some movable part of an internal combustion engine (not shown).

In Fig. 22 is shown va further modification in which the armature 133 is operated by means of tHe bracket arm 134 having a slot 135 in which a drive pin 136 is located. This pin is carried by the wheel 137 which is also yoperated by and from an internal combustion engine (not shown).

In Fig. 23, is shown a casing 140 for enclosing the magneto electric machine illustrated in Fig. 1. In this' construction, the armature 5 is reciprocated vby means of the link 141 which is pivotally connected to the armature at 142 and to the wheel 143 at 144. The tapered part 139 is understood to be o 'eratively connected to some moving part 0I an internal combustion engine. (Not shown.)

In other words, the construction shown in Fig. 23 is a driving mechanism for the armature which is located in or associated with the magnet group.

It is to be understood that projections on the armatures 130, 133,shown in Figs. 21 and 22 and the armature 5, shown in Fig. 5, may be provided with projections.

It is to be understood` that I do not limit myself to the details of invention shown and described as obvious equivalent structure which produce the `same results are included. I wish it tobe understood that broadly my improvement comprises a reciprocable armature having recesses or projections which is reciprocated in close proximity and relative to the poles of a permanent magnet, and soft iron cores on which generating coils are placed. It is also to be understood that a permanent magnet having projections or recesses is reciprocated in close proximity or movable relative to the cores on which` current generating coils are located. By the term movable past, as applied to the reciprocable member, with soft iron or a permanent magnet, it is to be understood that the corners of the notches or projections move past the corresponding corners of the generating coil cores or permanent magnet poles, whereby a high rate of change of the magnetic flux is produced and high potential developed in the generating coils.

What I claim is:

l. A magneto electric machine comprising in combination, a permanent magnet, core members having polar projections magnetically associated with the said permanent magnet, current generating coils on the core members, a reciprocable armature located in close proximity tothe polar projections of the core members and having its cross section of non-uniform area from end to end for varying the reluctance of the magnetic flux in the said core members, means for imparting an accclerative movement to the said armature, when the same is operated, for creating a high rate of change in the reluctance of the magnetic circuit, whereby an electric current of varying voltage is produced in the generating coils.

2. In a magneto electric machine, the combination with a permanent magnet, a core located within the magnet and magnetically associated with the permanent magnet, a reciprocable armature having projections which are in the magnetic circuit of the core and in-close proximity thereto, current inducing coils on the core, means for reciprocating the armature for varying the reluctance ofthe magnetic flux through ythe core.

3. A magneto electric machine comprising a core member, current generating coils on said core member, a reciprocable permanent j magnet located between the polar projections of the core members for varying the reluctance of the magnetic circuit in the core members. i

4. In a magneto-electric machine, a permanent magnet having polar projections, an armature, cores with current generating coils, means for supporting and guiding the armature for reciprocation relative to the cores and polar projections, said armature having projections spaced from each other which are located in close proximity to the polar projections, whereby the reluctance of the magnetic flux will be changed, when the armature is reciprocate'd.

5. In a magneto electric machine, a plurality of permanent magnets having polar projections arranged in opposed yrelation with reference to their opposite polarity, current generating coils magnetically associated with the kpermanent magnets, an armature having two sets of notches or recesses which are adapted to register with the opposed polar projections ot' the permanent magnets, the coils being formed with an opening to receive the armature, and means for movi ng the armature in the coils, and in close proximity with the polar projections of the permanent magnets.

6. In a. magneto electric machine, a per manent magnet, coil cores, current generating coils on said coil cores and magnetically associated with the pole pieces of the permanent magnet, a recessed armature, means operatively connecting the armature with a moving part of an internal combustion engine for reciprocating the same in close proximity to the polar projections.

7. A magneto electric machine having a permanent magnet, and wherein an armature is reciprocably mounted in close proximity with reference to cores on which coil windings are mounted, the armature having offset portions which form corners that are moved relative to the polar projections ot' the permanent magnet for varying the reluctance oi' the magnetic flux in the cores and the current generated in the said coil for generating a high voltage in the Windings.

8. In an electro magneto machine, generating coils, cores on which the coils are mounted, a reciprocable permanent magnet being;l mounted in close proximity to the cores, the permanent magnet having oifset portions at its poles and opposite the cores, to vary the magnetic flux as the otfset portions of the permanent magnet are moved in reci rocation relative to the cores and means or reciprocating the permanent magnet.

9. In an electro magneto machine, an armature Witli ol'lset portions inovably mounted for reciprocation relative to the generating coil cores and permanent magnet pole pieces to vary the flux, said armature being in close proximity to the polar projections, means to accelerate the motion of the armature relative to the core ends from a predetermined point to vary the flux with greater rapidity.

l0. In combination, a magneto electric machine comprising, a permanent magnet having pole pieces, core members, polar projections on the core members magnetically associated with the pole pieces of the permanent magnet, current generating coils on the core members, an armature consisting of ferrous metal only and mounted for reciprocation in a straight. line and in close proximity to the polar projections olE the core members and formed With projections which serve to vary the reluctance of the magnetic flux in the cores as the armature is reciprocated.

l1. In a magneto electric machine, a re ciprocable armature composed of ferrous material having projections arranged on oppositc sides, cores having polar projections, current generating coils mounted on the cores, the sides of the armature being in close proximity to the polar projections, whereby when the. armature is reciprocated, the reluctance of the magnetic flux will be varied in said coils as the projections are reciprocated relative to the polar projections ot the cores, and means for reciprocating the armature.

l2. In combination, in a magneto electric machine, a permanent magnet, a reciprocable armature composed of ferrous metal, projections formed on the armature guides for movably supporting the armature and in close proximity to the polar projections ol the magnet cores associated with the permanent magnet, current generating coils on the cores, means for reciprocating the armature and moving the projections into and out oi' the magnetic flux in the cores.

13. In a magneto electric machine, in combination, a permanent magnet having polar projections, core members magnetically associated with the polar projections, current generating coils on the polar projections ot' the permanent magnet and core members, an armature formed with recesses or projections and located in close proximity to the core members and polar projections, a let-off device operatively connected to the armature for moving the same in one direction relative to the polar projections, and a follow-up means for the armature for imparting accelerative movement to the armature.

14. In a magneto electric machine, a permanent magnet having polar projections, au armature, cores with coils magnetically associated with the magnet, means for supporting and guiding the armature for reciprocation between the polar projections, said armature having offset portions at opposite sides which are located in close proximity to the polar projections, whereby the magnetic flux will be changed, when the armature is reciprocated.

15. In combination, a magneto generator comprising, a permanent magnet, core members having polar projections in magnetic circuit relation with said magnet, generating coils mounted on the core members, a reciprocable armature composed of ferrous metal only and provided with offset projections for co-operation with said core members and in close proximity to the core pro` jections when the armature is reciprocated for varying the current induced in the said generating coils. f

16. A magneto electric machine comprising, in combination, a permanent magnet, core members having polar projections and in magnetic circuit relation with said magnet, current generating coils xedly Secured on the core members, a reciprocable armature consisting of ferrous metal located in close proximity to the said polar projections, and having its cross section oiE non-uniform area for varying the reluctance of the magnetic flux in the core members, whereby an electric current is produced in the generating coils, when the armature is reciprocated.

17 In combination, a magneto electric machine, a magnet having pole pieces, core members magnetically associated with the said magnet, current generating coils ixed on the core members, a reciprocable armature provided with projections which are located in close proximity to the polar projections of said core members and having its cross section of non-uniform area for varying the reluctance of lthe magnetic flux in the core members, the projections of said reciprocable armature operating for varying the reluctance of the magnetic circuit through the said generating coils when the armature is reciprocated and whereby an electric current is produced in the generating coils.

18. In combination, in a magneto electric machine, an enclosing casing, a permanent magnet, core members having polar projections and in magnetic circuit relation with said magnet, a reciprocable armature, bearings for the said armature for constantly maintaining the same in close proximity to the polar projections of the core members, current generating coils secured on the core members, means for actuating the armature, and means for imparting an accelerative movement to the armature during the travel of the same.

19. A magneto electric machine, comprising in combination, a permanent magnet, core elements magnetically connected to the said permanent magnet, current generating coils on the core elements, an armature With offset projections Which are arranged for reciprocation in close proximity to the polar projections of the core elements, and means for reciprocating the armature.

20. In a magneto electric machine, a permanent magnet, provided with polar projections, soft iron pieces secured to the polar projections of the permanent magnet, current generating coils magnetically associated with the said permanent magnet, an armature provided With offsets and mounted for reciprocation in close proximity to the said soft iron pieces, the offsets being constructed and arranged for varying the reluctance of the magnetic circuit in the coils, the current generating coils having an opening therethrough and in Which opening the said armature is located, and means for reciprocating the armature.

21. The combination, in a magneto electric machine, a permanent magnet provided With polar projections, a reciprocable armature having opposite side offset portions, a curcoil.

EARL E. HOFFMAN.

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