US1901270A - Driving mechanism - Google Patents

Description

F. D. STANLEY DRIVING MECHANISM March 14, 1933.

Filed Nov. 28 1930 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Hull I 5mm I 59:0 2 5714x445),

Mrch 14, 1933. I DJSTANLEY 1,901,270

DRIVING MECHANISM Filed NOV. 25 1930 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 fkzo 0. STA/Vi. EV,

Patented Mar. 14, 1933 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE,

FRED 1). STANLEY, or COFFEYVILLE, KANSAS, ASSIGNOR TO THE OIL coUiv'rnY SPECIALTIES MFG. co, or COFFEYVILLE, KANSAS, A conronnrron or KANSAS DRIVING MECHANISM Application filed November 26, 1930. Serial No. 498,240. I

This invention pertains to driving mechanisms, and more particularly to mechanisms for reversing the direction of drive.

One of the objects of this invention is to 5 provide power transmission mechanism whereby a load may be driven from a source of power and by which the direction of movement of the driven load may be reversed in a simple and convenient manner.

Another object is to provide such mechanism with friction driving elements of novel construction and such as will be durable and reliable in service.

Another object is to provide such mechanism so that its direction of action may be quickly reversed in order that the driving effort in the reverse direction may be appliedrfor braking the load.

Another object is to provide such mechanism of simple and robust construction and of compact arrangement so that it will occupy a minimum of space. V

Further objects will appear from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a horizontal sectional view of an apparatus embodying this invention;

Figure 2 is a righthand end view of Fig ure 1; v

Figure 3 is a partial section on line 33 of Figure 1;

Figure 4 is a partial section on line H of Figure 1; t

Figure 5 is a front view of Figure 1; and

Figure 6 is a detail section taken about on line 55 of Figure 1. j

The apparatus, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, is designed more particularly for the operation of hoists, such as 40 are used in connection with oil wells and the like, for hoisting bailers, tools and the like. A. feature of this class of service, and particularly in the case of bailing operations, is that when the bailer has been hoisted to the top of the well to be emptied and is again lowered into the well, it is allowed to descend by its own weight, and since time is an important item in the operation, the

bailer is permitted to fall at a very high speed. When it has nearly reachedthe hottom of the well, its momentum must be overcome so that it may be stopped before striking the bottom. This is'usually accomplished by reversing the driving mechanism and actually applying a driving effort to the ioisting line in a reverse direction. In 210- cordance with the present invention, the mechanism is so arranged, thatthis reversal may be accomplished mechanically through friction driving elements which are arranged to slip until the load has actually been stopped and reversed. 'The friction surfaces are so arranged as to suffer no injury from such slipping, so that they arealways ready for efiicient drivingengagement in either direction; v I I Referring, to the accompanying drawings,

1 designates a main drive shaft which may be mounted in suitable bearings 2, carried by bearing frames 3, which may be mounted 59 for adjustment on a suitable base or pedestal 1. The shaft 1 carries at one end thereof aprimary driving member in the form ofa wheel 5. The wheel 5' is illustrated as a V pulley to which a belt may deliver power from any suitable source. (Not shown.) The wheel 5 may, of course, take any other form of driving element as, for instance, a gear or sprocket. I

Loosely mounted for rotation on the shaft 153 0 1 is a driven member illustrated in the draw-' ings as a pulley 6. This may alsotake the form of any other type of driving member adapted to receive power from the shaft 1 for delivery to a load by any suitable type of 5 connection as, for instance, a belt, chain or gear teethj In the construction illustrated in the drawings, the pulley 6 is mounted on a loose sleeve 7 which is carried by ball or roller bearings 8 on the shaft 1. The bear ings 8 may be spaced at suitable intervals from the bearings 2 by means of sleeves 9,

10, 11, or similar devices, so as to maintain the alinement of the pulley 6.

.The pulley 6 may be connected directly site faceswith friction shoes 14, and loosely V slidable on a series of studs 15, fixed in the enlarged end of the sleeve 7. Only one of the studs 15 is shown in the drawings.

9 Fixed to the shaft 1 by means of a suitable key 16 or otherwise, is a clutch hub 17, carrying 'a clutch disc 18 having a face adapted to engage one of the shoes 14. Slidably mounted in the disc 18 is a series of guide pins 19, which carry a complementary friction disc 20, arranged to engage the opposite frictionshoe 14. The pins 19 are fixed in the disc 20 and slide in the disc 18; only one of said pins being shown in the drawings. I

Pivoted at 21 to a head 22 on the pin 19 is a-bell crank 23. The toe of the bell crank 23 engages a washer 24 on the disc 18. The long arm of the bell crank 23 is pivoted to a link 25,whose other end is pivoted to a collar 26, slidable on the shaft 1 by means which willbe described hereinafter. By slipping the collar 26 toward the hub 17, the clutch 12 is engaged so as to drive the pulley 6. By these means, the pulley 6 may, therefore, be positively driven directly by the shaft 1 in the same direction of rotation, which direction will hereinafter be spoken of as the forward direction.

Mounted on the end of the sleeve 7 oppoposite to the clutch 12 is a friction drum 27 having a plainexterior cylindrical friction surface as distinguished from V alined or faced surface. This drum is secured to the sleeve 7 so as to rotate with the pulley 6, or when itself driven in rotation, to drive said pulley. An auxiliary drive shaft 28 is carried in bearin s 29 movably mounted on the bearing frames 3, as will be more fully described hereinafter. Mounted on one end of the auxiliary shaft 28 and fixed thereto, is a secondary driving member, indicated generally at 30. This member comprises a hub 31 fixed to the shaft 28, and having mounted on its external periphery a yielding friction facing adapted to frictionally engage the surface of the drum 27. This friction facing may be made up of a series of discs 32 of leather or other suitable friction material, clamped between the flange of the hub 31 and an end flange 33, suitably clamped to said hub. The above provides an effective construction, although any other suitable type of friction surfaces may, of course, be employed. The other end of the shaft 28 has secured thereto a friction drum 34 having a plain friction face positioned to 'engage the internal cylindrical peripheral surface of the wheel 5, which surface may be provided with a yielding friction lining 35 of any suitable type. It will be noted that when the drum 34 is pressed into engagement with the inner surface of the wheel 5 and the member 30 is'pressed into engagement with the drum 27, power will be transmitted from the wheel 5 through the shaft 28 to the pulley 6, so as to drive the pulley 6 in the reverse direction of rotation to that of the shaft 1.

Each bearing 29 carrying the shaft 28, is mounted in a bracket 36, pivoted on a shaft 37 on one of the bearing frames 3. This construction provides that the brackets 36 may be moved relatively to the shaft 1 for the purpose of efl'ecting engagement or disengagement of the friction members 30 and 34. The pivot'shaft 37 carries an arm 38, to which is pivoted a reach rod 39, which may be extended to any convenient point from. which the mechanism is to be controlled. Such point is usually the derrick floor in the case of an oil well hoist. The shaft 37 is journaled at its ends in the frames3 and carries at its ends horizontally extending arms 40 and 41. have pivoted thereto vertically extending links 42 and 43, respectively. The upper ends of these links are pivoted, respectively, to horizontally extending arms 44 and 45 carried, respectively, by short shafts 46 and 47, journaled in the upper ends of the brackets 36. The shaft 46 has fixed to its outer end a downwardly extending arm 48,

and the shaft 47 has similarly fixed thereto an upwardly extending arm 49. The arm 48 is connected by a link 50 with a fixed pivot 51 on the frame 3 at the righthand end of the machine, as seen in Figure 1, while the arm 49 is similarly connected by a link 520 with a similar point on the opposite bearing frame.

The controlling connections just described operate as follows: By pulling to the left, Figure 4, on the reach rod 39, the shaft 37 is rotated in a clockwise direction, as seen in that figure. This movement acts through the arms 40 and 41 to move the links 42 and 43 upwardly, which in turn act through the arms 44 and 45, respectively, to rotate the short shafts 46 and 47 also in a clockwise direction, as seen in Figure 4. Since the links 50 and 520 are secured to fixed points on the bearing frames, this movement of the shafts 46 and 47 will operate to swing the upper end of the righthand brack- These arms mis-alinement in order to permit the above described skew-wise movement of this shaft. This movement carriesthe drum 34 away from the wheel 5 and the driving element 30 away from the drum 27, thereby releasing the friction drive of the pulley 6 in its reverse direction. It will easily be understood that the opposite movement of the reach rod39 will have the opposite effect, so as to carry the drum 34 into engagement bearing upon its upper face a spring 55 su-rrounding the rod 42 and retained by an adjusting nut 56. It will be seen that the ten sion of the rod 42, when applied in such a direction as to move the elements 43 and 30 into driving engagement, is transmitted through the spring 55. The pressure with which these elements are forced intodriving engagement is, therefore, a yielding one, which may be controlled by the force exerted on the rod 39.

In order to control the action of the clutch 12 simultaneously with the action of the friction drive members 34 and 30, the shaft 37 also carries an upwardly extending arm 57. The arm 57 is pivoted at its upper end to a twisted link 58, which is pivoted at its inner end to a horizontally extending arm 59 fixed to a vertical shaft 60, journalled in a bracket 61 on the bearing frame 3. The shaft has fixed thereto at its upper and lower ends a pair of arms 62, which in turn are pivoted at 63 to a collar 64, loosely mounted on the hub 26, which operates the clutch 12. It will be seen that these connections are so arranged that by pulling to the left, Figure 4, on the rod 39, which movement operates to release the reverse drive, as above explained, the collar 26 will be moved toward the clutch 12, so as to engage the same for driving the pulley 6. Accordingly, one movement of the control rod 39 operates to engage the clutch 12 and release the reverse driving elements, while the opposite movement of said control rod operates to release the clutch 12 and to engage the reverse drive. Accordingly, an instantaneous change from forward to reverse drive may be made by means of these connections. I

In order to stop the pulley 6 without reversing the same, brake mechanism, such as shown in Figure 3', may be provided. A bracket 65 carried by the bearing frame 3, shown on the left of Figure 1, has pivoted thereto at 66 a pair of brake shoes 67. The other ends of these brake shoes are connected by means .of links 68 to the opposite ends of the short lever 69, pivoted on a shaft 70, also carried by the bearing frame 3. The shaft 70 carries an operating lever 71, tensioned by a spring 72 in such a direction as to release the brake shoes 67. The other end of the lever 71 is attached to a cable7 3 runtion is direct .one from the shaft 1 through the clutch 12, directly to the pulley 6. The

.verse direction, as well as in the forward ning to the same operating point as the rod 39. The shoes 67 are positioned to engage the inner peripheral surface of the drum 27 Accordingly, when this brake is applied by pulling onthe cable 73, the lever 69 will be rotated in such a directionas to form a pair of toggles with the links 68, so as to spread the brake shoes 67 against the rim of the drum 27. This will have the effect of retarding said drum and, therefore, retarding also the pulley 6, which is rigidly attached thereto.

It ill be seen that this invention provides a reversing'drive mechanism which is extremely simple to operate and which is quick in its action. The entire reversing operation may be carried out by a simple movement ofthe control rod 39. It Wlll be noted that the drive in the forward direction of rotadrive is'in'itiated through a friction clutch sotha t the load may be picked up gradually and quickly acceleratedto full speed. When the reverse drive is brought into engagement, the two driving surfaces are active and these are yieldingly pressed into engagement so that the application of driving or retarding force may be gradual in the re direction. It will also be noted that the friction linings 35 and 32 are both on the driving members rather than on driven members.

This has a distinct advantage, for the reason that when slippage occurs the face having the friction lining is in the one which continues its, movement, so that the rubbing is distributed over the face of the lining and not concentrated at one point thereof, as

would be the case if this lining were placed on the driven member. Accordingly, the friction lining has a longer life and 1s 1na1ntained in better condition for an even and uniform driving engagement. The skew movement of the shaft 28 provides a simple and effective means for engaging and disengaging the friction driving elements, so that a rugged construction is possible withoutsacrificingflexibility It will also be noted that when the friction drive is out of engagement, the shaft 28 is entirely idle. Accordingly, a minimum of wear on these parts will result.

The simple and direct action of the con- While this mechanism has been described above as a unitary device, it will be understood, of course, that certain individual features or sub-combinations thereof may be useful by themselves'without reference to the rest of the mechanism. It is understood that the employment of such individual features or sub-combinations is contemplated by this invention and is within the scope of the appended claims. It is further obvious that various changes may be made in the details of construction, within the scope of the appended claims, without departing from the spirit of this invention. It is understood, therefore, that the invention is not limited to the specific details shown and/ or described.

Having thus described the invention what is claimed is:

1., A reversible driving mechanism, comprising, a base, a main shaft journal-ed thereon, a wheel on said shaft, a yielding friction lining on an inner cylindrical surface of said wheel, means fordrivingsaid' wheel, a driven wheel mounted on said shaft, a friction drum having a plain exterior cylindrical friction surface and-rigidly connected to rotate with said driven wheel, an auxiliary shaft having a pair of friction elements rigidly secured torotate together thereon, one of said elements having a plain exterior cylindrical friction surface engageable with the lined interior surface of said first wheel and the other having a yielding cylindrical friction facing engageable with the friction surface of said drum, means for mounting said auxiliary shaft including bearings at both ends thereof mounted for movement on said base, means for moving said bearings individually to force said friction elements into and out of engagement with their respective cooperating surfaces, and a clutch adapted to connect said driven wheel to rotate with said first wheel.

2. A reversible driving mechanism, comprising, a base, a main shaft journaled thereon, a wheel on said shaft, a yielding friction lining on an inner cylindrical surface of said Wheel, means for driving said wheel, a driven wheel monuted on said shaft, a friction drum having a plain exterior cylindrical friction surface and rigidly connected to rotate with said driven wheel, an auxiliary shaft having a pair of friction elements rigidly secured to rotate together thereon, one of said elements having a plain exterior cylindrical friction surface engageable with the line interior of surface of said first wheel and the other having a yielding cylindrical both ends thereof mounted for movement on said base, means for moving said bearings individually to force said friction elements into and out of engagement with their respectivecooperating surfaces, said movlng means including a yielding element adapted

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