US1900947A - Sectional boiler - Google Patents

Description

March 14, 193 c. A. OLSON SEC TIONAL BOILER Original Filed Aug. 23, 1928 6 Sheets-Sheet 1 March 14, 1933. c, OLSQN 1,900,947

SECTIONAL BOILER Original Filed Aug. 23, 1928 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 FRONT March 1933- c. A. OLSON 1,900,947

' SEGTIONAL BOILER Original Filed Aug. 25,1928 6 Sheets-Sheet 3 K" 7206726 07 W m'5' Czar! -3 560,6

March 14, 1933. Q OLSON 1,900,947

SECTIONAL BOILER Original Filed Aug. 23, 1928 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 March 14, 1933. c. A. OLSON SECTIONAL BOILER Original Filed Aug. 23, 1928 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 FRONT March 14, 1933.

v C. A. OLSON SECTIONAL BOILER 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 Original Filed Aug. 23, 1928 FRONT irz/uerofov' 06607:,

Patented Mar. 14, 1933 v UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 'ro CRANE co., or cnrcneo, or ILLINOIS,

v sno'rronnr. BOILER Continuation of application Serial N o. 301,527, filed August 2a, 1928. This application filed April 19,

1932. Serial No. 606,268.

This application is a continuation of my application for a patent on sectional boilers filed August 23, 1928, hearing Serial No. 301,527;

This invention relates to hot water and steam boilers of the sectional type and pro-, vides, by means of a novelconstruction, new advantages in the transfer of heat from the flue gases to the heating medium and new advantages in the manufacture, operation and maintenance of the boilers.

This invention provides flue gas passages which have no pockets in which soot may readilyaccumulate nor any surfaces from which it is difficult to remove such soot or ashes as are unavoidably deposited. The water chambers have no passages in which the water may stagnate or in .which'there will be any places of sluggish flow likely to accelerate the accumulation of scale and to decrease the efficiency of heat transfer.

An object of this inventionis to provide sections for a sectional boiler which will afford the above mentioned advantages and which are adapted for perfect drainage when it is desired to empty the boiler.

Other objects, advantages and capabilities are inherently possessed by this invention and will later more fully appear. The construction shown in the drawings has been expressly selected for illustrating one embodiment of the invention and does not indicate that the scope of the invention is limited to this single disclosure. This embodiment is illustrated in Fig. 1 which shows a vertical central sectional view of the assembled boiler with portions of the base shown in elevation, the arrows showing the direction of flow of the flue gas and Water,

Fig. 2 is a plan view of the flue section showing the flue section which is illustrated in Fig. 1, 45 Fig. 3 a plan View of the dome section,

which is the section immediately belowthe flue section, i

Fig. 4 is a partial sectional view taken on the line 4-4 of Fig. 3, the internally threaded opening 011 the left side of the figure be 10-l0 of Fig. 9.

Fig. 7 is a partial sectional view on the line 7.7 of Fig. 6, p o

'Fig. 8 is a vertical section on the line 88 of Fig. 7,

9 is a plan view of the intermediate section whose flue opening lies toward the front of the furnace, this view showing the section removed from the boiler. This is the second section above the fire box, 7

Fig. 10 is a partial section on the line Fig. 11 is a fragmentary sectional view on the line 1111 of Fig. 9,

Fig. 12 is a plan view of the fire box section looking downwardly upon this section section which as removed from the furnace before the fire door has been attached, and

Fig. 13 is a fragmentary vertical section onthe line 13-13 of Fig. 12. Y 1

Referring now in detail to the drawings the furnace is assembled by uniting the following sections, the base 31, the fire box 32, the crown section 33 and intermediate section 34 and another intermediate section 35, a dome section 36 and the flue section 37. It is to be understood that'more or less sections than are shown in Fig. 1 may beused.

The base provides an ashpit for the collection of ashes which may be shaken down through the grates 38. The grates 38 are rocked by the shaker bar 39. The handle 41 is used for reciprocating the shaker'bar.

The fire box section generally indicated as 32-rests upon the base 31 and is provided with an opening 42 and a clinker door 43 through which clinkers may, when necessary, be removed from the tops of the grates.- Surrounding the fire box is an annular channel 44 which is shown in cross section in Fig. 1.

This channel contains Water which is enabled to absorb considerable heat directly from the tire box. The return water from the hot water or steam system is brought into the channel lt through the inlet port 1-5. Atthe upper portion of the fire box there is provided a door generally indicated as 46 through which the fuel is fed. Fig. 12 shows that the inner surface of this channel 44 is corrugated in order that the heat transfer surface thereof may be increased. It will also be noted that four lugs 47 are also provided on this fire box section, each of them being provided with a hole 48 through which are passed vertically extending tie rods which are brought down through corresponding lugs on the dome section for clamping the several water containing sections together.

Fig. 13 is a cross section on the line 1313 of Fig. 12 and indicates that the water rises from the fire box section through the port 49 to flow into the crown-sheet section which is just above the fire box section. Another and similar port 51 is provided to enable the water to flow in two streams upwardly near the back portion of the boiler to the crown sheet section.

The crown sheet section generally indicated as 33 in Fig. 1 is the same as the section illustrated particularly in Figs. 6, 7 and 8. Fig. 6 shows the section as it appears when one is looking down upon it. It will be seen that a fine opening 52 is located near the rear wall of this section and that the water which enters this section flows upwardly through the inlets 53 and 5a which register with the ports 49 and 51, respectively, of the fire box section. The water flowing upwardly through the ports 53 and 54 passes through the annular port ons 55 and 55 of the water chamber, then flows into the horizontal portion 57 of the water chamber to the outlet ports 58 and 59, thence upwardly into the section which lies above. It will be observed that this water flows into the crown sheet section at its rear and then flows in a general direction toward the front of the section to the outlet ports 58 and 59. The flue gases from the fire box flow up through the flue opening 52, thence across the top of the water chamber 57.

In Figs. 9, 10 and 11 the first intermediate section lying above the crown sheet section is illustrated. An opening 60 near the front end of the section is provided for the upward flow of the flue gases. The water enters this section through two ports 61 and 62 which are located at the front of this section and which register with the ports 58 and 59, respectively, of the crown sheet section. The water then flows into the horizontal water chamber 63 as well as through the annular water chambers in this section and passes out through the ports 64 and 65. In this section the general direction of the fiow of water through the horizontal water chamber 63 is rearwardly, whereas in the crown sheet section below the general direction of flow of the water was forwardly.

The second section above the crown sheet section is indicated by the numeral 35 in Fig. 1 and is constructed exactly like the crown sheet section. The opening 66 for the upward flow of flue gas is shown by Fig. 1 to be in the rear of the section. The water rises into this section through water inlet ports, which are likewise in the rear of the section, and flows forwardly through the horizontal water chamber 67, thence outwardly and upwardly from the section through water outlets which are located at the front of the section as are the outlets 58 and 59 of the crown sheet section. The forward flow of water takes place in the annular chambers of the section as well as in the horizontal chamber 67. (See Fig. 1.)

The dome section illustrated in Figs. 3, l, and 5 receives the rising currents of water through its forwardly located ports 68 and 69. The water flows from this dome section into the hot water heating system through outlet ports 71 and 7 2. The outlet port may be utilized instead of the two ports illustrated or if desired more than two ports may be used. This dome section has a horizontal chamber 73 and an enlarged annular chairbcr 74: for containing the water. The openings 75 for the flue gases carry the line gases upwardly into the flue section. Certain well known modifications to fit this dome section for use on a steam boiler could be made. In the cross sectional view shown in Fig. 5 there is shown a port 7 6 for retaining a core during the casting of the section. This port is afterwards tapped and a plug 77, shown in dotted lines, may be inserted to close the port. A similar port 78 diametrically opposite is shown. Either of these ports may carry a thermometer, or gauge, if desired. Mountings 70 (Fig. 3) may also be used similarly.

lVithin each horizontal water chamber 57, 63, and 67 spacing rods 80 are cast in position to prevent warping of the walls.

For fastening the sections together the dome section is provided with lugs 01, each having a hole 82 through which is passed a tie rod, not shown, but of ordinary form to extend downwardly and pass through the corresponding lugs 47 on the fire box section as shown in Fig. 12. In order to assemble the sections and provide water-tight and gastight joints between them the tie rods, as above mentioned, are drawn through the lugs 81 and 47, respectively, on the dome section and fire box section. Short nipples 83 are inserted in the corresponding inlet and outlet ports between each of the sections as shown in Fig. 1. When the sections are clamped together these nipples assume a tight frictional wedging fit in the slightly tapered 'dicated as 37 and shown in Fig. 2 is mounted on top of the dome section and serves to carry away the flue way through the tortuous flue gas passage be tween the water chambers. Theflue gases are exhausted throughan outlet 85. In Figs. 1 and 2 a damper 86 is shown which may be utilized, if desired. The flues may be reached for cleaning through a clean-out door 87 which is attached to the boiler at holes 88 provided in the sections. H

The construction also provides within a compact boiler a large amount of heat transfer surface on which very little or no soot and ashes can be deposited and yet against which the hottest gases are compelled to flow. These surfaces are found at the bottoms of each of the water chambers and also along the sides of the annular water chambers which are provided in each section. The only places where soot and dust or ash par ticles may be deposited are zontal surfaces of the water chambers 57, 63 and 67. But these surfaces are very easily cleaned with the use of ordinary scrapers which may be insertedthrough the cleanout door 87 shown'in Figs. 1 and 2.

As the flue gases flow upwardly through the first flue opening 52 thence forwardly toward the front of the furnace and up through the second flue opening 60 thence rearwardly and through the third flue opening 66 thence out into the smoke chamber through the flue opening the hot gases are compelled to travel along the undersurfaces of the horizontal water chambers 57, 63 and 67 in a direction which is the reverse of the direction in which the water is flowing above each of these respective surfaces. The bottom surfaces of the chambers 57, 63 and 67 are the places where the maximum efficiency in heat transfer is being obtained and above and below each of these respective surfaces there is provided counterdirectional flow of water andthe hot gases. Just'below the water outlet of each section the hot gases impinge against this clean heat transfer surface and at such points have higher temperatures than they have at any other time during their subsequent travel underneath each respective section. By applying the greatest flue gas temperature to the water just below the water outlet in each section the water is given a boost in temperature at that point which will aid in positively accelerating the gases that have found their.

on the top horisuch upward flow of the water. The point of contact on the undersurface of the water chamber below the water outlet in each section might produce an especially hot spot in the body of the water if there were no opportunity for the water at that point to rise, but this opportunity is provided by locating a water outlet just above what might otherwise be a place for the accumulation of water more highly heated-than the water in adjacent parts of the section. Not only does the foregoing features of this construction aid in accelerating the upward flow of wa-y ter during continuous operation of the' boiler but it is of particular value when the boiler is being fired up either when the [water is cold or when for some reason it is desired to suddenly provide a hotter fire thanwas previously burning in the boiler. By giving the water this temperature boost near-the water outlet in each section circulation in a cold boiler will immediately be started and this is found to be of great advantage in providing rapid transfer of heat fromthe flue gases to the water and conduction of the heated water away from the boiler into the system where it is to be used. As a result this boiler lends itself most readily to rapid raising of the temperature in the heating system which is, of course, usually what is very strongly desired by the householder.

The constant and positive flow of the flue gases prevents the accumulation of slowly moving bodies of gas which would llkely deposit excessive amounts of soot or dust particles 0n the heat transfer surfaces. Likewise the positive and continuous upward flow of the water eliminates the formation of any pockets of water in which dirt and scalewould deposit in excessive quantities. It should be observed that each water section has a generally flat bottom portion in which no water pockets may form and likewise there are no pockets in the flue passages in which the flue gases may accumulate. Though a very tortuous flue passage is provided its confining walls permit of easy and natural draft conditions which aid materially in the starting of fires and the maintaining of good draft under adverse atmospheric con ditions.

Other advantages resulting from this construction are that the sections are interchangeable and more sections may be added at low cost if desired; the flat bottom sections are more cheaply made in the foundry due to the fact that a simpler'core job is demanded and no special driers for the cores 7 widely spaced apart by their lateral extremities, which are considerably reduced in width .relativ and quite close together, in fact not far out of vertical alignment. As a consequence of this construction, when the boiler is relatively cool and being operated at a low firing rate, the gases though having little velocity beca :se of their low temperature easily find their way to the smoke st cl: by rising through the boiler through the ends of the arcuate fine a aertures. Since these gases do not, when taking this shortened path, contact large amount of heat transfer area, much o their heat will be retained and aceordin they can maintain a considerable velocit in spite of their smoke volume and low temperature. Thus the construction assures that a steady and adequate draft througn the boiler can be maintained even with a low temper ture. Hence a low lire or a banked lire can be maintained with considerable ease.

Howey r, should one desire to increase the draft and the amount of heat produced, this increase in t ie present boiler can be accomplished very g radually without any abrupt changes in tl characteristics of the flue gas flow. After greater volume of gases are caused to iiow hrough the boiler flues they will merely expand to gradually fill the entire vertical flue passages, such as 52 and 60, and then they will flow across the full diameter of the boiler between the enlarged central portions of the successive vertical lines. Thus where a greater draft and more heat are desired the products of combustion will be caused to flow across the greatest diameter of the boiler and contact the maximum amount of heat transfer surface, giving the desired result then in increased heat of the water. While a shortened path for flue gases is provided through the extremities of the vertical openings, such as 52 and 60, these extremi ies are, as shown in the drawings, quite narrow and therefore under high firing rates when a large quantity of heating must be produced by the boiler. The bulk of the gases is caused to flow between the middle portions of the vertical flue passages across the maximum diameter of the boiler and hence produce the largest amount of heating of the water. Ease of operation of the boiler is thus provided at low firing rates without sacrifice of eriiciency when greater heating is demanded.

lVhile this invention is illustrated as applied to sectional hot water boilers it is obvious to one skilled in the art that it may also be utilized in the construction of steam boilers. shou d be understood also that many modifications may be made differing from this disclosure which will yet remain within the spirit and scope of the claim which follows.

Having shown and described this invention, I claim:

A boiler comprising a plurality of super posed interconnected Water chambers spaced apart to provide intervening horizontal flue passages, each chamber having only a single vertical flue passage extending therethrough connecting said horizontal passages to form a continuous flue, said vertical passages being of elongated arcuate shape with their middle portions vertically widely separated while having extremities of reduced cross-sectional area extending toward a position of vertical alinement with the extremities of the underlying and overlying vertical passages to provide a shorter path to exit for the flue gases flowing directly through said extremities than is provided for the gases flowing directly between and through said middle portions, successively superposed middle portions of the vertical passages being about three times more widely spaced apart than are successive extremities.

In witness of the nature.

CHARLES A. OLSON.

foregoing l aiiix my sig-

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