US1997950A - Building construction - Google Patents

Description

April 16, 1935. H. w` scHlcK L997950 I BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed Jan- 20, 19:54

1 'Il 11l Patented Apr. 16, 1935 UNITED -sTATe-s 6 Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in building construction and more particularly iiat slab constructions suitable for floors, roofs, canopies, landing platforms, balconies and the like where a nished underside is desired, said terms roof, Hoor, canopy, runways and 'the like being hereinafter designated as decks for convenience of description.

Gne object ofthe invention is to provide a building construction or slab which is iireproof;

Y of minimum weight and thickness consistent with the spans and loads; which is economical not only in the cost of materials but in the labor'of fabricating thereof; which will permit of a reduction of the amount of structural steel required in the building; vand which permits of certain other advantages vduring the erection of a building. p

More specifically, an objectA of the invention is to provide a building deck slabl construction employing sheet metal sections or pans and a cast filler such as concrete wherein the necessity of temporary forms is' eliminated, theslabs being further characterized by the fact that the same provide substantially Ibeam formationsbetween the structural'supporting beams of thefbuilding whereby to permit of the use of longer lslabs and wider spacing of the supportingmeans.

Still another object of the invention is to pro- Vide a'building deck slab construction incorporating'novel'and effective vmeans for increasing the desirable I beam sections along. the junctions of the slabs, to the endthat greater load-carrying'capacity is obtainable and, further, provision maybe made for securing in place, ythe Ametal lath for'retaining the usual ceilingplaster where the deck construction is finished with a plaster ceiling on its `under side.

Other objects of the invention will more clearly appear Vfrom the description and claims Yhereinafterfollowing.

In the drawing forming a part of thisapplication,l Figure 1 is a broken top plan viewof a portion of a 4'roof illustrating one i embodiment of the'invention. Figure 2 is avertical, longitudinal, sectional viewcorresponding to the section `line 2-2 of Figure l. .Figure is atransversasectional view corresponding to thelineS-# of Fig.- ure V2. Figure 4 is'anenlarged, detailed, sectional y view-illustrating moreparticularly the' formation of the slabs and support for -theplaster ceiling. AndJFigure isaiview'similar to Figure 4 illustrating ranother:embodiment of the invention.

1 Referring" iirst to 4'the vconstruction `illustrated inlFigures 1 toe-inclusive, jIll-a-l 0 indicate twoof the supporting beams of the structural framework of a building, the same, in the instance shown, being l"- beams. Inj carrying out'the deck formation, a plurality of'sheet metal'pans I I-I I are employed, each of a lengthsumcient to; span the space betweenthe supporting beams II) and slightlyoverlie the latter at its ends, 'as clearly shownin Figure 2. Each of the pans II, preferably made of sheet steel, is open at each end, has a lat bottom Iii andintegral,vertically upstan'ding sides I3-I3- Each of the sidesIS'is provided at the top thereof with a horizontally eX- tending integral fiange section Iii extendinginwardly, that is, toward the center of the pan, each flangesection Iii in turn being provided Withan integral depending narrower 'marginal iange I5. As will be understood, each side formation extends the fullplength of the pan.

interposed between the sides of each adjacent pair of pans, -is'a vertically extending plate 'I6 of "greaterdepth than the depth of the sides I3 and(Y so Vpositioned. as to rextend both above and below the sides I3, the dependent portion being indicated at IEiI and the purpose of whichis hereinafter described. The plates 'I will preferably beA extended over they supporting beams lIIl and across-the gaps between the ends ofthe pans, rthe plates I6 being cut out or coped Aas indicated at II 6 to straddle the upper flanges of the beams. As willbe understood, under'thos'e conditions, where a ,plaster 'ceiling is not desired, the plates I@ will terminate at their lower edges flush with the Vbottoms I2 ofthe pans. At regular` intervals, each adjacent pair of pan sides I3 vand plate I5 lare rigidly secured together by anyv suitable fastening means, such as the bolts and nuts Il, thus, in eiiect, makingsaid sides'and plates I unitary for calculating loadsustaining enact.

As will be evident from the Lpan and plate formations described, at each junction of Vthe sides of the pans, there is formed, in effect, an I beam in which both sides I3 proper and plate I6 function together as the web; the bottoms I2 of the pans as the lower iianges; and the upper flange sections ill-I5 as the upper anges of the beam. These beams, as evident, extend from supporting beam to supporting beam' I0, that is, at right angles to the latter and such I beam formations are spaced apart distances corresponding to the desired widths of the pan forms.

In utilizing the improved construction, the pans II are set -in place in the building as soon as the steel framework is in-place'and'to'secure said pans in place on the supporting beams, the

pans may be spot welded to the beams I at their ends, as indicated at I8-I8. In actual practice, the ends of the pans will be slightly separated from each other over the tops of the supporting beams I0, as shown in Figure 2. The pans thus provide a temporary floor while the building is in progress of erection and the various workmen are thereby given a better opportunity to do their work before the concrete filler is poured. The electric conduits may be placed within the pans before pouring the concrete; the outlets properly located and other work done, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Furthermore, by being enabled to place the slab pans permanently in position as above described, as soon as the steel framework of the building makes it possible, the builder is enabled to completely enclose the building before the concrete filling is poured, a desirable feature particularly during the winter months when there is danger of the concrete freezing. By welding the slab pans to the supporting beams, relative rockingV or" vibration between the decking and the steel framework is prevented and also the supporting beams or roof purlins, as the case may be, are laterally braced, as will be apparent.

After the slab pans have been put in place as above described and such other roughing in 4work of the electricians and the like has been completed, the slab deck construction is then finished by pouring in the concrete. On account of the great strength provided by the I beam formations of the pan structures, as above described, which carry the load stresses from supporting beam to supporting beam, the use of ordinary concrete is unnecessary in most instances, it only being necessary to use a filler that will have sufcient strength to resist crushing under iioor loads. For this purpose, a cement is generally employed of that type which produces what is known as an aerated concrete, that is, a concrete very much lighter per unit of volume than ordinary concrete mixtures. The cement for such aerated concrete is of that character such that, when water is added thereto, the water is decomposed and produces gases that in turn produce voids or air bubbles in the concrete mix. Ordinarily, such concrete mixtures are poured in a very wet or sloppy condition to about one half the desired depth of the completed filler. When dehydration takes place, the mix expands to about twice its original volume. It is then permitted to set and, if necessary, the exposed surface of the ller vis shaved off and, in the particular construction shown, such concrete I9 will be shaved off iiush with the upperV edges of the web plates I6. In the completed slab construction, it will be seen that the flange sections I4 and their marginal nanges I are imbedded in the concrete, thus reinforcing the latter and providing an extremely strong but relatively light deck formation. As will be apparent from Figure 2, the concrete is made continuous from one slab pan to the other, due to the open ends of the pans.

Where a plaster ceiling is desired, the metal lath therefor, indicated at 2U, will be attached to the dependent portions IGI of the web plate I6 as by wire loops 2| passed through suitable openings 22 provided at intervals along the dependent section IGI,as clearly shown in Figure 4. The plaster 23 is then applied to the lath, thus leaving an air space Z4 between the bottom of the deck proper and the plaster ceiling, the web plate IB thus providing simple means for applying such ceilings.

Referring next to the construction illustrated in Figure 5, the pans 2I I-2II are of the same general construction as those illustrated in Figures 1 to 4. In forming the pans of the Figure 5 construction, however, the side walls 2I3-2I3 thereof are preferably initially deiiected slightly from a true right angle position relative to the bottoms 2II as shown, particularly if the gauge of the metal is at all heavy. This is to permit or" the ready insertion of a plate 2I6l of lesser depth than the plates IB. The plates 2I6 are left extended above the top flanges 2I4 of the pans, as shown, and are preferably extended downwardly between the side walls 2I3 for approximately the same distance as exposed above the flanges 2I4. In this construction, the plates 2I6 are spot welded at intervals to the pans as indicated at 3| 6, thus providing a unitary construction between each plate 2I6 and two pans for calculating loads. As will be understood, before the plates 2I5 are inserted, the pans will be secured together through their side walls by means of bolts and nuts 2I'I which, as the plates 2I6 are wedged down into place, function substantially as fulcrum points, insuring a closer union or joint at the bottoms of the pans as indicated at 3I'1. Preferably also, a small amount of mastic paint or equivalent is inserted between the slightly flaring side walls of the pans below the plates ZIS to insure a closed joint and prevent undesirable seepage of the ller down through the joint when the filler is poured in place. The plates 2I6 will also preferably be extended continuously from one set of pans over the supporting beams as in the case of the plates I5 previously described so as .to insure a better tension factor over the beams against any possible deiiection of the slabs intermediate the supporting beams. The filler will be preferably of the same character as that described for the construction of Figures 1 to 4 and poured in the same manner, thus insuring a strong but relatively light deck construction.

Where either of the constructions shown in Figures 4 or 5 are employed as a iioor and it is desired to :Iinish the same with terrazzo, the upwardly extended portions of the Yplates I6 or 2I6 as the case may be, effectively serve as the spacing strips usually employed with terrazzo finishes.

The improved slab construction has been described with particular reference to its employment as decking in buildings but, as will be obvious to those skilled in the art, the improvements may be incorporated in Vertical or side walls of buildings with equal economy and advantages.

From the preceding description, it will be seen that the improved slab construction may be made of relatively light weight; is compact; neat in appearance; resistant to transmission of heat and sound, the latter particularly on account of the aerated concrete filler; and is completely re resistant.

What is claimed is:

1. A building deck construction including: spaced supporting beams; a plurality of deckforming slabs extending transversely between and supported on the beams, each slab comprising a sheet metal pan with a bottom, longitudinally upstanding sides and a cast filler; and a vertically disposed beam-web-functioning plate interposed between and welded to each adjacent pair of pan sides, said plate being extended above the pan sides and having its lower edge located intermediate the tops and bottoms of the pan sides.

2. A building deck Vconstruction including:

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spaced supporting beams; a plurality of deckforming slabs extending transversely between and supported on the beams, each slab comprising a sheet metal pan with a bottom, longitudinally upstanding sides and a cast filler; a vertically disposed, beam-web-functioning plate interposed between each adjacent pair of pan sides, said plates extending downwardly below the bottoms of the pans, the extended portions being adapted to provide means for supporting and attaching ceiling lath; and means rigidly uniting each said plate and corresponding adjacent pan sides.

3. A building deck construction including: spaced supporting beams; a plurality of deckforming slabs extending transversely between and supported at their ends on said beams, each slab including an open ended sheet metal pan with a flat bottom, longitudinally extending upstanding sides, each of the latter having an integrally formed flange section at the top and each flange section formed with an integral marginal ange; a vertically disposed beam-web-functioning plate interposed between and rigidly secured to each adjacent pair of pan sides and extending above and below the pans; and concrete filler for the pans extending above said ange sections and iiush with the upper edges of said plates.

4. A building deck construction including: a series of spaced parallelly arranged supporting beams; a plurality of slab pans supported and secured at their ends on said beams, said pans being arranged side by side and those between one pair of beams being alined with those between adjacent sets of beams, each pan having a bottom and integral, longitudinally extending upstanding sides, the latter having relatively wide ange sections extending toward each other and the pans being open at their ends; vertically disposed beam-web-functioning plates interposed between each adjacent pair of pan sides, said plates extending across the supporting beams; means rigidly uniting adjacent pairs of pan sides and said plates to the pan sides; and cast fillers in the pans extending continuously throughout the lengths of the pans from one alined pan to another and within which fillers said ilange sections are imbedded.

5. A building deck construction including: spaced supporting beams; a plurality of deckforming slabs extending transversely between and supported at their ends on the beams, each slab comprising a sheet metal pan with a bottom, longitudinally extending upstanding and inwardly flanged sides, and a cast filler; means rigidly uniting adjacent pairs of pan sides; and a vertically disposed beam-web-functioning plate interposed between adjacent pairs of pan sides, each said plate extending partially above and partially below the flanged sections and rigidly united to the pans, said flange sections and upwardly extended portions of the platesV being imbedded Within the cast fillers.

6. A building construction including: a plurality of formed sheet metal pans arranged side by side, each pan being open at its ends' and having a flat bottom and longitudinally extending sides anged inwardly toward each other; beam-webfunctioning plates interposed between adjacent pairs of pan sides, said plates having portions thereof extending beyond the flanges in a direction away from the pan bottoms; means rigidly securing said plates to the respective pairs of pan sides; additional means rigidly securing the pan sides together; and cast fillings within the pans and within which the flanges and extended portions of the plates are imbedded.

HARVEY W. SCHICK.

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