US1982268A - Depilatory soap - Google Patents

Description

Patented Nov. 27,1534 I I p UNITED STATES PATENT. OFFICE r nama'roav soar 'fimeryflothandlleosplrmchlcagmm.

No nrawlns l A miiag-lan 11, 1931,

' '1 (c1. m-sm The invention relates to soaps that are adaptis sodium stearate, which is representative of an ed for removing hair from the cuticle and more alkalimetal salt of a fatty acid, or a soluble soap. particularly it relates to a soap which will lather Other materials are commonly known soluble .freeiy when applied to the'skin and after resoaps.

I I maining thereon for a few minutes, the hair and Complete dehydration of the soap vehicle and reaction products can be washed'ofl with water of the depilatory and of other incorporated mawithout any injurious eifects. v terials is the desirable procedure from an ideal The invention contemplates the combination of standpoint and in practice we endeavor to acdepilatory material with a soap base or vehicle complish this in so far as it is commercially feal0 in such proportions that the mixture is efllcient sible. r both as a depilatory and as a soap and is lack- The invention has among its further objects ing in sufllcient moisture content to permit hythe actual production of stable depilatory soaps drolysis prior to use. The invention also conin either cake.'paste, powder or liquid form and i templates the use when desired of neutralizers a process for manufacturing the same sothat the l6 and buifers as additional ingredients within iimsoaps may be conveniently stored; are subject to its providinga product which will suds or lather little or no hydrolysis while in storage, are cafreely upon the addition ofwater, without irripable of being easily handled and manipulated tation to the sun, which produces the desired for application to the skin for the removal of depiiatating effect, and which is lacking in suiiihair, and permit the hair and reaction materials N cient moisture content to permit hydrolysis of to be easily removed without injury to the epithe mixture prior to use. The basic principle dermis and without the emanation of disagree- 7 of our invention is the dehydration of materials able odors. incorporated in the soap, such dehydration low- Heretofore depilatories have not been comering the moisture content of the mixture summercially produced with a soap base because the 86 ciently that will not occur until water mixture is chemically unstable, and becomes in is added at the time of use for forming a suds time practically inactive due to the formation of or lather. Avoidance of hydrolysis is successreaction products which have little or no defully' accomplished by dehydration of the soap pilatory action. 7 base and of the depilatory materials as well as It w be rv that y the intermediate dehydration 01 other constituents, such, for exreaction produc s Possess h chemieel P p y ample, as neutralizers and buffers. The purp se of removing hair, and that the end pr d fi of dehydration is to prevent hydrol i of the ininert. It is believed that the active depilatory gredlents and subsequent formation of insoluble compound is the one containing the radical HS. alkaline earth soap, sodium sulphide and hydrowhen depilatories are combined with a soap base sulphide and hydrogen sulphidegas. j which has not been pr vi s y d hydrated. even Any soap containing depilatory materials rewhen the mixture is in cake or powder form, the gardless of whether it is powder, cake. paste or above decomposition products are gradually liquid soap has'suilicient moisture present to performed. and the mixture becomes inactive. mit hydrolysis. The following formula are typ- The invention, therefore, broadly contemplates ical of the'reactions resulting from hydrolysis of a soap product having a depilatory action and the soap, such reactions being avoided by dean improved process for manufacturing the same hydration of the materials within limits hereinwhereby any depilatory material which normalafter designated v I ly decomposes in the presence of water and soap 6 s+2 o s to release alkali-hydroxides and sulphide gases,

gg gfg a gggjfggggrggzgg duce a depilatory product in which the decom- NQHS+H1O=2N5OH+H I position due to hydrolysis does not occur. The dehydration of aselected soap vehicle and In the above it is to be understood that 33 is of the selected depilatory materials to the point ,may be incorporated withthe soap base to pro- 1 50 the symbol as example or where hydrolysis is inhibited, avoidsthe occuralkaline .earth metals much strontium (Sr) rence of the above designated and similar chemand "316mm (cm are emnments? such alkaline ical reactions, and causes the depilatory material earth F m the mm sulphides are known to retain its efliciency until the product is applied as depnatory materials Th material to the skin in the usual manner to form a moist 56 7 (3111135000118, suds or lather.

weight is not greater than one percent (1%)- Said sudsing and depilatory results are obtained by adding suillcient dehydrated depilatory mate? rial that the dehydrated soap vehicle and depilatory materials are in the proportions byv weight of two to one. In the event the finished product is to be in cake, paste or liquid form the same proportions of dehydrated soap and depilatory materials may be used as for the powdered product.

and to this is added non-aqueous liquids of the kind described in the amounts necessary to produce the particular physical state desired. It has been found by experiment that complete dehydration of the. materials is not necessary if grain alcohol is added in an amount substantially equal to the moisture content of the other constituents. If. amyl alcohol is used as the nonaqueous fluid, hydrolysis is inhibited if the ratio of the amyl alcohol to the moisture content is as great as 15% thereof. In all cases it is contemplated that the soap vehicle be present in willcient proportions to provide a completed product which lathers or suds freely when applied to the skin. The above described proportions of soap vehicle is typical only and may be varied by sevas dealkalizers.

eral percent and the desired results achieved. If desired, dehydrated emollient materials beneficial to the skin may be added to either the cake,

powder,.paste or liquid product without ail'ect- -ing the stability. starches, proteins, gums, colloids and lanolin are among the materials that have been found satisfactory for this purpose.

It is contemplated that a soap comprising only a dehydrated soap vehicle, dehydrated depilatory materials and non-aqueous liquids, will be stored in containers or wrappers that exclude the air and moisture, in which event there will be no possibility of incipienthydrolysis prior to use. A dealkalizing agent or agents operating either separately or in combination to neutralize or offset theirritating action of free alkali hydroxides may be .added. A variety of materials are contemplated as suitable'for this purpose, such materials hereinafter being generally designated Among such dealkalizers are -materials hereinafter more specifically designated as 'neutralizers, absorbers, "amphoteric colloids and buflers. Y

The neutralizers which are found suitable to offset or neutralize the irritating eflect upon the; skin of the described alkali-hydroxidev decom position products include theweak inorganic acids with alkali-hydroxides such for example as nine oxide. zinc peroxide, boric oxide andialumlnum oxide; and powdered amorphous metals soluble in alkalies, such as zinc powder and aluminum=- powder.

Colloidal clay, starches, gums and some-of the amphoteric colloids are found satisfactory as absorbers. Among the amphoteric colloids found depilitating power.

water. Accordingly when a soluble soluble metal soap.

I satisfactory as dealkalizers are included such proteins as gelatins, albumins, caseins and glutenins. Illustrative of the buffer materials are the weak acid salts of' the alkali metals such for example as Rochelle salts, alkali silicates and alkali lactates. These ingredients are satisfactory asbuffers where the alkali radicals of the buifers correspond with the alkali radicals of the soap. The dealkalizers are added to counteract the .free alkali liberated by hydrolysis when moisture is added at the time of application. The material selected as a dealkalizer in any case is determined either by the consideration that the materials themselves are harmless'or non-irritating to the skin, or have an emollient effect.

Q As an instance of manufacture wherein d alkalizers are used weadd a neutralizer consisting of boric acid in approximately two (2%) percent by weight to the dehydrated soap vehicle The dehydration 'of .the materials before incorporation results in a product which is incapable of hydrolysis by reason of its low moisture content and by enclosing the product in a moisture proof package it can be stored indefinitely without any deterioration. The ingredients may reagents capable of functioning as a deordorant such as zinc oxide may be incorporated to the a:-

tent of two and one-half percent toten percent. iii The combinations and proportions of ingredients herein specifically set forth are illustrative only and are obviouslyone. of many such combinations and proportions coming within the scope of the invention, which upon substantial dehydration are suitable for use in producing a satisfactory and stable depilatory soap.

Thus it will be seen that the invention provides a novel depilatory and also anovel process for manufacturing, depilatory soap' from materials unfit by established practice for the purpose and by the teachingsof the invention a new product having sudsing and detergent actlon as well as depilatory properties 'becheaply and economically manufactured and preservedin stable ran form for an indefinite period of p a It will thus be understood that barium sulphide ,is an example of the depilatory sulphur-base compounds of the alkaline earths which are sub-' .iect-,to'hydrolysis in the of water to form votherand different sulphides which have The soluble soaps also hysoap and a depilitating sulphide are present together without a hydrolyzing quantity of water, as in dehydratedform. they form'a stable depilatory'com'position. In the o sufficient water thesubstances hydrolyze, deterlmnte,

or interact, with numerous changes formation ofan active depilitating sulphur-base 14! compound or sulphide of the ma ma from the "soap, and the formation of). scum or in- In accordance with thef V and explanation of the invention, it will be urn-[1 neeasee derstood. that. the essential ingredients are solublesoap and an alkaline earth sulphide; that the soap may be one of various soaps so long as it is reactive in the composition to form insoluble soaps; and that the alkaline earth sulphide may be one of many, varying both in the alkali earth -metal, and in the relation of it to sulphur. Since In the foregoing the reacting weights of soap and sulphide are respectively and approximately 278 and 260, or substantially equal parts. However, it will be understood that ordinary soaps are mixtures of diflerent fatty acids and that for exact reactive proportions the analyses of produc'ts must be available. I

It is-not necessary however, to limit the inventionto'exact proportions. Excess soap does no harm, and is advantageous where a more permanent lather is desired upon application. Ex-

cess metal-sulphur element, say strontium sulphide, contributes its independent depilatory action. i

' For general purposes, then irrespective of the kind of material employed, the composition may be made from 20 to 75 parts of dehydrated soap, and from 15 to 40 parts of depilatory alkaline earth sulphide. Thus the soap tends to predominate and maintain a lather.

Having thus described our invention in a few typical forms, it is obvious that'it is not so limited but that various modifications and changes may be made in the same without departing from the spirit thereof and we desire, therefore that only such limitations shall be placed thereupon as are imposed by the prior art, or as are specifically.

set forth in the appended claims.

What we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:-

1. A depilatory composition comprising in physical admixture a substantially dehydrated alkaline earth metal depilatory sulphur-base compound, and a substantially dehydrated soluble Patent No. 1,982,268.

soap capable of forming with said depilatory compound an insoluble soap, said materials being present together in the absence of any substantial amount of water which would if present cause hydrolysis of, or deterioration of, or interaction between said materials.

2. A depilatory composition comprising in physical admixture a substantially dehydrated alkaline earth metal depilatory sulphur-base compound, and a substantially soluble soap capable of forming with said depilatory compound an insoluble soap, said materials being present together in dry powder -form.-

3. -A depilatory composition comprising in physical admixture a substantially dehydrated alkaline earth metal depilatory sulphur-base compound, and a substantially soluble soap capable of forming with said delipatory compound an insoluble soap, said materials being present together in liquid of non-hydrolyzing character in the absence of any substantial amount of water which would if present cause hydrolysis of, or deterioration of, or interaction between said materials.

4. A depilatory composition comprising in physical admixture a substantially dehydrated alkaline earth metal depilatory sulphur-base compound, and a substantially soluble soap capable of forming with said depilatory compound an insoluble soap, said materials being present together in an 'alcohol liquid medium in the absence of any substantial amount of water which would if present cause hydrolysis of, or deterioration of, or interaction between said materials.

5. A stable inactive depilatory composition comprising a mixture of barium sulphide and a soluble soap capable of forming an insoluble barium, soap, said materials being present together in the substantial absence of hydrolyzing quantities of water.

6. A stable inactive depilatory composition comprising a dry'mi: hire of depilatory alkaline earth sulphide and a soap reactive therewith in the presence of water to form an insoluble soap and a depilatory sulphide of the soap base.

'I. A stable inactive depilatory composition comprising a dry mixture of depilatory alkaline earth sulphide, a soap reactive therewith in the presence of water to form an insoluble soap and EMERY ROTH; LEO SPIRA.

EMERY ROTH AND'LEO SPIRA. It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed s ification of the above numbered patent. re uirlng correction as follows: Page 1 tabulation) for 2Na H; read NaOH; and that the said read with thiscorrection therein that the same may conformto the record of the case inthe Patent Ofiice.

Signed and sealed. this 25th day December, A. 1). 1934. I

iao

Certificate I November 27, 1 934.

e 47, (fourth line of ileum Patent should be LES LIE FRAZER, Acting Uooum'uinmr of Patentir.

neeasee derstood. that. the essential ingredients are solublesoap and an alkaline earth sulphide; that the soap may be one of various soaps so long as it is reactive in the composition to form insoluble soaps; and that the alkaline earth sulphide may be one of many, varying both in the alkali earth -metal, and in the relation of it to sulphur. Since In the foregoing the reacting weights of soap and sulphide are respectively and approximately 278 and 260, or substantially equal parts. However, it will be understood that ordinary soaps are mixtures of diflerent fatty acids and that for exact reactive proportions the analyses of produc'ts must be available. I

It is-not necessary however, to limit the inventionto'exact proportions. Excess soap does no harm, and is advantageous where a more permanent lather is desired upon application. Ex-

cess metal-sulphur element, say strontium sulphide, contributes its independent depilatory action. i

' For general purposes, then irrespective of the kind of material employed, the composition may be made from 20 to 75 parts of dehydrated soap, and from 15 to 40 parts of depilatory alkaline earth sulphide. Thus the soap tends to predominate and maintain a lather.

Having thus described our invention in a few typical forms, it is obvious that'it is not so limited but that various modifications and changes may be made in the same without departing from the spirit thereof and we desire, therefore that only such limitations shall be placed thereupon as are imposed by the prior art, or as are specifically.

set forth in the appended claims.

What we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:-

1. A depilatory composition comprising in physical admixture a substantially dehydrated alkaline earth metal depilatory sulphur-base compound, and a substantially dehydrated soluble Patent No. 1,982,268.

soap capable of forming with said depilatory compound an insoluble soap, said materials being present together in the absence of any substantial amount of water which would if present cause hydrolysis of, or deterioration of, or interaction between said materials.

2. A depilatory composition comprising in physical admixture a substantially dehydrated alkaline earth metal depilatory sulphur-base compound, and a substantially soluble soap capable of forming with said depilatory compound an insoluble soap, said materials being present together in dry powder -form.-

3. -A depilatory composition comprising in physical admixture a substantially dehydrated alkaline earth metal depilatory sulphur-base compound, and a substantially soluble soap capable of forming with said delipatory compound an insoluble soap, said materials being present together in liquid of non-hydrolyzing character in the absence of any substantial amount of water which would if present cause hydrolysis of, or deterioration of, or interaction between said materials.

4. A depilatory composition comprising in physical admixture a substantially dehydrated alkaline earth metal depilatory sulphur-base compound, and a substantially soluble soap capable of forming with said depilatory compound an insoluble soap, said materials being present together in an 'alcohol liquid medium in the absence of any substantial amount of water which would if present cause hydrolysis of, or deterioration of, or interaction between said materials.

5. A stable inactive depilatory composition comprising a mixture of barium sulphide and a soluble soap capable of forming an insoluble barium, soap, said materials being present together in the substantial absence of hydrolyzing quantities of water.

6. A stable inactive depilatory composition comprising a dry'mi: hire of depilatory alkaline earth sulphide and a soap reactive therewith in the presence of water to form an insoluble soap and a depilatory sulphide of the soap base.

'I. A stable inactive depilatory composition comprising a dry mixture of depilatory alkaline earth sulphide, a soap reactive therewith in the presence of water to form an insoluble soap and EMERY ROTH; LEO SPIRA.

EMERY ROTH AND'LEO SPIRA. It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed s ification of the above numbered patent. re uirlng correction as follows: Page 1 tabulation) for 2Na H; read NaOH; and that the said read with thiscorrection therein that the same may conformto the record of the case inthe Patent Ofiice.

Signed and sealed. this 25th day December, A. 1). 1934. I

iao

Certificate I November 27, 1 934.

e 47, (fourth line of ileum Patent should be LES LIE FRAZER, Acting Uooum'uinmr of Patentir.