US1979438A - Pile wire - Google Patents

Description

Nov. 6, 1934. M. B. BEHRMAN FILE WIRE Filed Nov. 17, 1932 11v VENTOR Mm) 0. am

A TTORNEY Patented Nov. 6, 1934 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE PILE WIRE Marcus B. Behrman, Brooklyn, N. Y., assignor to Lox Seal Gorpor-ation, Brooklyn, N. Y., a cor- .poration ofiNew York .Thisinvention relates to pile wire blade holders, and has moreparticularrelation to the construction of a holder for the retention of a wafer blade.

Efficient pile cutter design has become concentrated upon a type in which a holder, secured to or made a part of .a pile wire, retains acutting edge which isa part of a wafer blade, removable ,from or replaceable in the holder. Such blades and holders require that the blade -may be assembled readily in, and then be retained positively by, the holderunder substantially .all circumstances of use. The holder itself, by the requirements :of its use, must be of simple construction, without expensive process of manu-, facture, and finally it must be positive and -efficient'in its'operation. The holder mustpermit assembly of the blade therewith-by a simple operation, and thereafter .must retain the blade seated against any appreciable movement. The holder itself must be slim and light to permit its penetration through .theseparated warps forming the loops for the pile; in spite of its slimness, the blade holder must-havethe. strength necessary for its successfulpassage through, and its subjection ,to the stresses of, the many operations to which thisdevice will be subjected.

It is an object of the invention to provide a blade iholder capable of being made .as a substantially unitary construction from a single piece, or from a plurality of pieces, of material, whereby, in'the final construction, the location of the blade in a predetermined, fixed relationship to the holder is assured, while thebody of the holder is capable of being reduced in its extent to dimensions which will eliminate any reasonable possibility of interference with the proper operation of the pile wire. The portions of the holder designed for theretention of the blade are maderigid and incapable of'being deformed by insertion or removal of theblade from the holder, and also to present a solid base against which the blade may react when being forced through the threadsinthe cutting operation.

Blades for use in such holders .are .generally provided as tapering, fiat members, one of the edges of thetapering portion of the body being sharpened. The blade may, if desired, end .up at the reduced endxina squared-offedge .or in a point. Inteither case the thin, vflat blade :is intended .to be received in'agroove in the holder, the groove terminating in .a recessprovidin'g an overhang beneath which the reduced end of the blade isreicei-ved to'be-retained'thereby against vertical-movement and movement in one direction along the holder. The other end of the blade may be given any, particular shaping which, when engaged by ,a complementary surface on the holder, will provide means for preventing vertical movement of thatend of the blade and also movement of :the blade in the other direction with relation to the holder. In the particular structure shown and described herein the shaping takes the form of an L-shaped shoulder.

For the purposes of this invention, an abutment is integrally formed on the holder to be engaged by this shoulder, whereby the blade. once seated in'the holder with the reduced edge beneath theoverhang and the shoulder beneath theabutment, will be retained against any movement.

Such a holder is generally made by subjecting a 'metal blank to various strains and stresses during the forming operations necessary to .define the groove, its terminating recessand the overhang, all ,of which may changethedimensionsof the :blank .to such degree ,as to :make it inadvisable andeven undesirable to form or locate theabutment before the overhang and the groove have been definitely constructed. It is anobject of the invention to provide a method of forming blade holders of this character in which the locations of the blade abutting portions on the holder are separately determined,

and one of them, more particularly the abutment, is located after the positionof the other has become fixed, such location of the abutment being then effected with relation :to the fixed location of the other blade abutting portion.

Other objects of this invention will hereinafter be set .forth, or will be apparent fromthev description and thedrawing, in which isillustrated-an embodiment of a device, and of its condition at various stages of its manufacture, carrying out the invention.

The invention, however, is not intended to be restricted to any particular construction or arrangement of parts, or to any particular application of such construction, .or to any specific method of operation, or toany of the various: steps ordetails thereof, herein shown .and describedas the same'may bemodified invarious particulars or .be applied in many varied relations without departingfrom' thespirit and scope of r the claimed invention, thepractical embodimentsherein illustrated and described merely showingsome of the various forms andmodifications in which the inventionmight be embodied.

For the attainment of these objects and of such other objects as may hereinafter appear or be pointed out, I have illustrated an embodiment of my invention in the drawing wherein the same reference characters refer to the same parts throughout and wherein:

Fig. 1 is a plan View of one form of a blank which may be used in the production of a holder of the type specified as embodying the invention;

Fig. 2 illustrates the blank after one stage of the forming process;

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view on the line 3-3 of the holder shown in Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is an elevational view of a finished holder embodying the invention;

Fig. 5 is a plan view of the holder of Fig. 4; and

Fig. 6 is a perspective view of a detail of the holder in Fig. 4.

In the manufacture of pile wire holders of the type intended to be defined herein, sheet metal blanks 10, either in the nature of stampings or portions otherwise formed, are intended to be used. In the disclosure here, these blanks are intended to be bent along a suitable line, to bring adjacent faces together so that indentations in such faces will be caused to mate and form a groove. It is to be understood, however, that, within certain limitations of the invention, the body of the blade holder 12 may be constructed not necessarily from a single blank 10, but from a plurality of blanks retained together in any suitable manner, as, for instance, by spot welding.

As will be noted from Fig. 1, the stamping has peculiar contouring at its forward end 14 to define an entering edge 16, commonly known in the art as the spoon. An irregular edge 18 is also defined, the formation of the edge being for a purpose to be defined further.

Either as a step separate from, or occurring simultaneously with, the stamping of blank 10, depressed surfaces 20 and 22 are formed adjacent edges 24 and 26 of the blank. As can be seen from Fig. 2, these depressed surfaces have boundary edges 28 and 30, substantially parallel to the respective edges 24 and 26. Walls 32 of the surfaces extend at an angle to the respective edges 24 and 28, and 26 and 30. When the blank is bent along line 34, and the adjacent faces of the blank are brought into contact, there will be produced an overhang 36 beneath which the pointed end 38 of a tapered blade 40 may be seated.

The depressed surfaces 20 and 22 may be formed, in one case, as part of the bending operation; in such case, the two sections 42 and 44 of the blank are brought into face to face relationship, and the edges 24 and 26 brought into coincidence. At this time, a die would have been positioned between the opposed faces; by rolling the metal against the die, the depressed surfaces are formed. Thereafter, on removal of the die, the depressed surfaces will cooperate to form a groove 46 with the overhang 36 defining one end thereof.

By the formation of the depressed surfaces and the cut-off character of edge 18, groove 46 will terminate substantially short of the spoon. In structure of that character, blade 40 may be readily inserted into groove 46, and the pointed end 38 made to seat beneath the overhang.

The blade, for use in this relationship, is of substantially customary construction, having a tapering formation, one of the converging edges being sharpened to provide a cutting edge 48. The converging edges may terminate in a pointed end 38, or the end of the blade may be cut off short of a point to form a slightly squared end. In

either case, the other converging edge 50 is intended to be disposed, when the blade is finally assembled in the holder, so that edge 48 is sustained to provide an inclined cutting edge rising in a direction opposite to the movement of the holder in cutting.

To retain the large end 52 of the blade against movement, and thus, in conjunction with the seating of the end 38 beneath the overhang 36, to anchor the blade against any movement, an abutment 54 is positioned on, and made a part of that portion of the holder constituting the spoon. It is sufiiciently removed from the groove to permit entrance of the blade into the groove by proper flexing, without necessarily positioning the abutment on the curving face '76 of the holder. The abutment takes the form of a solid metallic portion, substantially integral with the metal of the blank. Since the broad end 52 of the blade is contoured to include a shoulder 56, the abutment is formed with an edge 58 conforming closely to the shaping of shoulder 56. Likewise, a wall 60 is provided, against which the vertical portion 62 of edge 52 may abut when the blade is assembled in the holder.

The formation of this abutment preferably is effected by welding to the blank, immediately adjacent the spoon, an additional metallic portion 64, although the indentation of the metal of the spoon to form an embossed, unbroken surface, connected at substantially all points of its edges to the metal of the spoon, has also been contemplated. In either case, the raised surface is to be part and parcel of the holder, and incapable of being flexed away from the holder, or of having any such similar force applied thereto which would cause change in the relationship, once set, of holder and abutment. The location of the raised surface thus formed may be determined in any desired manner. Its formation or application and location take place, in accordance with certain phases of the invention, after the blank has been subjected to all the bending and forming steps, and the blank has arrived substantially at the status of Fig. 2, in which case, the location of the overhang 36 and of the shoulder '78 have been definitely determined and fixed. The metallic portion 64 is located in a definite predetermined location by its contact with shoulder '78, and is then permanently fastened in place, as by welding.

As is to be seen in Fig. 4, the cutting edge 48, when the blade is assembled in the holder and by reason of the construction of blade and groove, assumes a relationship in which it is disposed at an acute angle with the direction of movement of the holder, which is substantially that of the extent of the body 66 of the holder. The purpose of this is well understood in this art and needs no explanation here. By this structure, a portion of the cutting edge 48 is disposed above edges 24 and 26, and the foremost portion 68 of the edge is smoothly integrated into the spoon edge so that, in the movement of the holder in either direction, no sharp corners are encountered by the threads to be out.

By the disposition of abutment 54 with relation to edge 18, a groove '70 is formed through which blade end 38 may be inserted into groove 46. When, by flexing the blade properly, it is forced rearwardly to bring the end under, and finally into abutment with, the overhang, the shoulder 56 on the blade will slip beneath the abutment and serve positively to retain the blade against movement out of this associated relationship. When so assembled, the elasticity of the blade will function to retain the blade flat within the groove in that relationship.

While a particular type of blade has been shown in this drawing and is herein described, the invention may be consummated in certain of its details by an abutment and a blade edge formed to interlock substantially in the same manner and degree, although not shaped in the same manner. The bottom wall 72 of the groove 46 provides one stop for the blade, while the overhang 36 and the abutment restrain movement of the blade in all other directions. Since the position of the abutment is determined after the position of the overhang has been determined, the accuracy of the arrangement is complete. Blades may be assembled and removed, whenever necessary and as desired, for replacement or repair. The assembly or removal of the blade does not, in any way, affect the holder, the parts of which are all firmly related to each other.

After the holder itself has been formed by bending the blank, or by bringing the blanks into associated relation, the opposed faces may be retained in association by spot welding. Then the abutment may be applied. The holder then is reduced in cross-section and, after its end edge 74 is welded to a pile wire, of which it then becomes an integral part, the entire arrangement may be polished to reduce its friction in moving through the sheds.

Many other changes could be effected in the particular apparatus designed, and in the methods of operation set forth, and in specific steps or details thereof, without substantially departing from the invention intended to be defined in the claims, the specific description herein being merely illustrative of operative embodiments carrying out the spirit of the invention.

Having thus described my invention and illustrated its use, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is- 1. In a pile wire body formation, a holder for retaining rigidly yet removably a pile cutting blade, the holder being formed from a metallic blank having two wings, one of the wings being longer than the other, the wings being folded and disposed in juxtaposed relation and having the additional length of the one wing extending at one I end of the holder, said wings, when so disposed,

defining a slot for receiving the blade, the slot having an overhang at the end removed from the wing extension to receive the end of the blade pointing in the direction the pile wire takes in its cutting movement, one of the wings being formed with a depression bounded by shoulders at the other end of the slot to permit the blade to be slid into position in the slot, and a rigid stop plate immovably positioned on the wing extension and forming an abutment to prevent movement of the blade out of the slot when the pile wire is drawn in the cutting movement, the position of said stop plate being determined by I the shoulders of the said depressions.

2. In the manufacture of pile wire guiding pieces for retaining a replaceable wafer blade, the step or steps of forming a metallic blank having a pair of parallel edges, one of the edges being longer than the other to form a projection from the plate, bending the blank to bring the two parallel edges together and flattening the bent portions against each other while at the same time forming depressions therein bounded by shoulders, so as to form a slot, and securing to the projection within the depression thereon and adjacent to a shoulder thereof, a metallic portion to provide an abutment defining with the end of the other bent-over portion of a blank a blade entering passage.

3. In the manufacture of pile wire guiding pieces for retaining a replaceable wafer blade, the step or steps of forming a metallic blank having a pair of parallel edges, one of the edges being longer than the other to form a projection from the plate, bending the blank to bring the two parallel edges together and flattening the bent portions against each other, forming on the projection a shoulder rigid with the projection, locating an abutment member by placing it against said shoulder and securing it permanently to said projection in said located position, said abutment member defining with the adjacent edge of the other bent-over portion of the blank a blade entering passage and said abutment member serving to retain a blade within said passage.

4. As an article of manufacture, a blade retaining and guiding section for pile wires, comprising a metallic member having a groove formed in and extending into the body of the member from the upper edge of the member, the groove having an overhanging wall at one end for receiving and retaining an end edge of a removable blade for the pile wire, the groove being open at the end thereof opposite the overhanging wall, one section of the groove wall being extended to provide a guide for the pile wire and having a shoulder formed therein, and a rigid abutment member permanently secured to said projection and located by placing it in contiguity to said shoulder andfspaced away from the other groove wall to form a passage therebetween for access to the groove end to insert a blade into the groove.

5. A pile wire body formation comprising a pair of integrally formed opposed sections in juxtaposed relation to each other, an extension on one of said sections projecting beyond the other, substantially opposed depressions bounded by shoulders formed on the juxtaposed surfaces of said sections and on said extension and forming a slot open at one side and at one end to receive a blade, and an abutment immovably positioned on said extension near the open end of said slot for preventing, in cooperation with said shoulders, movement of the blade out of the slot, the location of said abutment being determined by positioning it against said shoulders in the depression on said extension prior to fastening it in place.

MARCUS B. BEHRMAN.

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