US1979184A - Transverse driven body - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 30, 193 J. F ZIEGLER TRANSVERSE DRIVEN BODY 2 Sheets-Sheet l Filed MarGh 22, 1932 Oct. 30, 1934. J, F. ZIEGLER 1,979,184

TRANSVERSE DRI VEN BODY Filed March 22, 1932 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Ill/111111,)

Ziegler NVcNTaQ Patented Oct. 30, 1934 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 1,979,184 TRANSVERSE DRlVEN BODY Julius Franz Ziegler, Vienna, Austria Application March 22, 1932, Serial No. 600,515

In Austria March 27, 1931 is Claims. (01. 244 12) dium impinges against them, are acted on by a' force which is inclined to the direction of motion, more particularly perpendicular to the same. The object of the invention is to increase the efiiciency as compared with the known arrangements, more particularly to produce an increase in the upward drive, in some cases a forward drive, and furthermore in the case of airplanes an increase in the stability, improved gliding conditions and increased security against a lateral downward slip. Airplane supporting wings or the like tran verse driven bodies are already known, which have a streamline drop-like section and have at least one conducting passage extending from the lower to the upper side of the cross-section, for instance a nozzle in the form of a transverse slot in the wing for a suction current produced by the partial vacuum formed by the flow on the] upper side of the wing. The invention consists more particularly in this, that between the inflow and outflow slot, of which at least the former lies within the periphery of the cross-section and i the latter in or behind the apical zone of the driven body constitutes a body having a streamline contour.

A further feature of the present invention consists in this, that a number of transverse slot nozzles are arranged behind one another in the transverse driven body.

In the accompanying drawings various constructional examples of the invention are illustrated. Fig. 1 shows a cross-section through a 05 transverse driven body constructed on the principle according to the invention. Figs. 2 and 3 are vertical sections through'a mainsail constructed according to the invention; Fig. 4 is a side view of the same. Figs. 5 and 6 show in sectionsupporting planes constructed according to the invention. Fig. '7 shows diagrammatically the overlapping of larnella-like plane elements. Fig. 8 is a cross section of a modified construction of the under surface of the transverse driven body. f

The transverse driven body, which is for instance asupporting plane for an airplane, has at least a lower inflow slot 1 which lies within the circumscribing line of the cross-section and at least an outflow slot 2 which in the example shown is constituted in the main zone 4 adjoining the apical zone 3. Between these slots the direction reversing passage 5 which extends forwardly beyond the two slots has for instance the form of .a C-shaped transverse slot nozzle. The suction stream produced mainly by the area of vacuum formed at the topo-fthe apical zone 3 or the zone 4 behind thesame sweeps, after the admission through the slots at the pressure side, in the first place forwards and after the reversal of direction backwards and discharges according to the position of the .slot' 2 in the zone 3 or the zone 4 of the area of vacuum.

i'For making the suction stream particularly eifectivegone form of the conducting passage 5 consists in a nozzle-like constriction at the outlet of the pressure zone with a subsequent widcross-section, a direction reversing passage is J eningat the area of vacuum in the interior of the transverse driven body, so that the narrowest place 6 of the conducting passage lies at the end of the pressure zone for instance shortly before the place where the passage bends round from the forward direction to the upward and backward direction. Generally the construction is carried out in such manner, that the conducting passage is narrower from the bottom inflow slot to the passage-bend than from the latter to the top outflow slot.

I For fully utilizing the effect of the stream of air travelling through the conducting passage 5, the inner wall 9 of the conducting passage, lying opposite the pressure side and for the reception of the frictional and centrifugal forces of said stream of air, is curved in front of the narrowest place 6 so as to be concave on the inflow side and curved like the vane of a turbine with respect to the place 6.

According to the incline of the transverse driven body and of the variation of the blocked air owing to the influence of the pressure flow, the

rearwardly directed inflow slots, located at the pressure side within the circurnscribing line of the cross-section, automatically control the passage from the pressure side to the vacuum side.

A positive closure of the inflow slots at the pressure side by means of shutters operated by levers (Fig. 8) or the like is provided in order to throttle the flow and if desired completely stop the latter. The arrangement may also be made such that the lever slots form extensions 1 and 10 which are regulatable by spring action and therefore act automatically or (as shown in Fig. 8) are regulatable by means of devices, such as spreading levers 42, slides or the like. In the position in which they open the slots the levers 42 are shown in full lines, while in the position shown in dotted lines the levers close the slots. Rods 43 connect the levers in order to control a number of slots from the pilots seat.

The construction according to the invention may, as shown in Fig. 1, consist of a main transverse driven body 7 and a frontal'body 8 disposed in front of the same, which together with the main transverse driven body completes the streamline form. The direction reversing passage 5, for instance in the shape of a transverse slot nozzle, is formed by the suitable juxtaposition of the two bodies I and 8. i

This will be seen particularly clearly from Figs. 2 and 3 which represent a horizontal section through a ships sail according to the invention. The large sail 11 forming the main transverse driven surface has in the vicinity of the mast 12 openings 13 for the passage of air or an air gap or some other such arrangement. At either side of the mast and tangential to it are auxiliary surfaces 14, 15 which overlap the mainsail at a distance therefrom, extending beyond the air passages. The distance from the mainsail is maintained by leechs 16, 17 or by struts or in any other suitable way. Through the action of the wind the whole arrangement is given its streamline formation. as shown in Fig. 3, one of the spaces between the auxiliary surfaces and the mainsail acting, quite automatically according. to the side from which the wind strikes on the sail,. as the inflow slot 1 and the other'as the For smoothly outflow slot 2 according to Fig. 1. reversing the direction of the suction stream produced by the partial vacuum on the lee side, a pocket-shape strip 18 of sailcloth may be sewn in, as shown in Fig. 2, or a rotatable mast may be hollowed out in a suitable manner, as shown in Fig. 3. An analogous arrangement can of course be provided for other sails as well.

As a further development of the principle underlying the invention the conducting passage 5 can in the case of the supporting surfaces of airplanes be with advantage branched in such a manner, as shown 'in Fig. 1, as to have inlet openings at the slot 1 but also at several slots 10 which may be produced by a lamella-like arrangement of the covering material. Similarly as shown in Fig. 5 instead of the single outflow slot 2 of Fig. 1 other outflow slots 20 may be provided, so that the direction reversing passage 5 is branched at the top as well. The object of this arrangement is that, in accordance with the variation inthe pressure and vacuum conditions due to changes in the angular position, there will always be inflow and outflow slots at the changing places of maximum pressure and vacuum.

Asshcwn in Fig. 6, the direction reversing passages 5 maybe arranged in different ways. The

20, each inflow slot forming a separate guide passage up to the nozzle-like constriction and all guide passages are combined to a single passage after leaving the narrowest place. Besides the stay 40 which may act as a partition, also other partitions 41 may be provided.

In order to bring those outflow slots which lie at any given moment at the place of greatest vacuum into operation, or to cause the flow through the direction reversing passage to be as direct as possible corresponding to the particular angle to which the plane is set, the outflow slots are formed, as shown in Fig. 5, between resilient hinged tongues, so that the slots which will be at any time most effective will open. In

a further modification of the invention the surface of a wing-shaped transverse driven body may be divided up into scale-like elements 21 which overlap one another at the edges, so that a passageway for the air between the overlapping blades of propellers or lifting screws, the blades" of turbine rotors and the like can be constructed and, in the case of deep supporting plane crosssections, provision is made for a repetition of the direction reversing passages in depth in the de; 1

scribed manner. For sails and transverse driven bodies in the form of supporting wings, Fig. 4 shows how such planes or surfaces can be folded or collapsed. In the case of sails, the hoisting, reeflng and folding operations can be effected in the usual way by means of mast rings or'halyards to which are fixed laterally or so as to embrace the mast the surfaces 14:, 15 which bound the air passage.

I claim: a

1. In a transverse driven body, a pair of front and sections with the front section arranged in spaced relation to the front edge of the rear section and provided with spaced extension portions and partially enclosing the rear section and spaced therefrom to provide therebetween a suction stream conducting channel which extends from the under sides to the upper sides of the sections and includes an inflow slot located at the rear edge of the lower portion of the front sec-' tion, an outflow slot located at the rear edge of the upper portion of the front section, and a direction reversing passage between said slots and extending forwardly of the two slots.

2. In a transverse driven body as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper extending portion of the front section is longer than the lower extending portion.

3. A transverse driven member comprising in combination a main transverse driven body, a. frontal body disposed in spaced relation in front of the main body and including spaced extending portions arranged to partially enclose the front portion of the main body and to provide between said bodies a suction stream conducting channel which extends from the under sides to the upper sides of the bodies and comprises an inflow slot located at the rear edge of one of said extending portions, and an outflow slot located at the rear edge of the other of said extending portions as well as a direction reversing passage between said slots and extending forwardly of the slots.

4. A transverse driven member comprising in combination a main transverse driven body, a frontal body disposed in spaced relation in front of the main body and including spaced extending portions arranged to partially enclose the front portion of the main body. and to provide between said bodies a suction stream conducting channel which extends from the under sides to the upper sides of the bodies and comprises an inflow slot located at the rear edge of one of said extending portions, an outflow slot located at the rear edge of the other of said extending portions as well as a direction reversing passage between said slots and extending forwardly of the slots, said bodies and extending portions being also spaced to provide a nozzle-like constriction located in the passage, the passage being widened at a point fol? lowing said constriction and the narrowest part of said constriction lying just in front of the beginning of the turn of said passage from the forward direction to the upward and rearward direction.

5. A transverse driven body as claimed in claim 4, in which the entire cross-section of the pressure portion of the direction reversing channel extending between the bottom inflow slot and the nozzle-like constriction is narrower than the vacuum portion of said passage after said constriction.

6. A transverse driven body as claimed in claim 1, in which the wall of one of the sections forming the direction reversing passage facing the inflow I tudinally extending and transversely spaced slots which constitute branch inlets and outlets for the channel, and resilient tongues at the upper outflow slots for varying the width of said outflow slots.

9. A transverse driven member as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spaced extending portions of the frontal body are formed of separate resilient elements which overlap one another with their lateral edges to maintain a passageway rearward and laterally outward between the overlapping elements.

10. A transverse driven member as claimed in claim 3, wherein the main body is provided with a plurality of substantially C-shaped direction reversing passages arranged one behind the other.

11. A transverse driven body comprising in combination, a sail, a mast in front of said sail, auxiliary surfaces forming tangents to the mast and'overlapping the sail at a distance therefrom, said sail being spaced from the mast and said surfaces being spaced from the sail to provide a suction stream conducting channel comprising an inflow slot, an outflow slot, and a direction reversing passage between said slots and extending towards the mast forwardly of said slots.

12. A transverse driven body as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a shutter at the inflow slot, and an operating lever connected with said shutter.

13. In a transverse driven body, a pair of front and rear sections with the front section arranged in spaced relation to the front edge of the rear section and provided with spaced extension portions partially enclosing the rear section and spaced therefrom to provide therebetween a suction stream conducting channel which extends transversely of the sections and includes an inflow slot located at the rear edge of one of the extension portions of the front section, and an outflow located at the rear edge of the other extension portion of the front section and a direction reversing passage between said slots and extending forwardly of the two slots.

JULIUS FRANZ ZIEGLER.

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