US1970034A - Mechanical movement - Google Patents

Description

' W. D. DRYSDALE MECHANICAL MOVEMENT filed Aug 4, 19:52

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Aug. 14, 1934. w. D. DRYSDALE MECHANICAL MOVEMENT Filed Aug. 4, 1952 5 Shets-Sheet 2 gsd z W. D. DRYSDALE MECHANICAL MOVEMENT Aug. 14, 1934.

Filed Aug. 4, 1952 s Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented Au 14, 1934 MECHANICAL MOVEMENT F a William D. Drysdale, Buffalo, N. Y., assignor to Walter J. Sngden, Boston, Mass.

Application August 4,

20 Claims.

This invention relates to mechanical movements, and is concerned with a novel and improved mechanism for translating rotary motion to reciprocatory motion by the use of an orbitally movable element, such as a crank-pin, whose radius is variable automatically in'response to variations in the speed of rotation of the retatable driving element. 1

The invention will best be understood by reference' to the following description, when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings of one specific embodiment thereof, while its scope will be pointed out more particularly in v the appended claims. I In the drawings:-

Fig. 1 is a central, longitudinal section of -a motion translating mechanism embodying the invention; I

Figs. 2 to 5, inclusive, are sectional views on line 2-2 of Fig. 1, illustrating the operation of the mechanism;

Fig. 6 is an end elevation of a portion of the mechanism, illustrating the centrifugal weight; and l Fig. Us a sectional view, illustrating the means for predetermining the'limits of movement of the oscillatory element of the mechanism. Referring to the drawings, and to the embodiment of the invention illustrated therein, and having reference at iirst-more particularly to Fig. i, there is shown a motion translating mechanism comprising a reciprocatory element 10, longitudinally slidable in a guide .11, which is supported by an appropriate, support 12. A reciprocatory motion is imparted to the element 10 by an orbitally movable element, herein a crank-pin 13, suitably connected to the reciprocatory element as by a sliding shoe or cross-head 14, mounted to slide in a groove extending transversely of the reciprocatory element 10, though the invention is not limited to this form of driving connection, but might employ a con nectingrod or pitman. The crank-pin .is driven by a rotatable element, herein a shaftJB, mounted to rotate in a bearing 17, suitably secured to .the support 12. The crank-pin isconnected to the shaft by mechanism now to lie-described, which causes the crank-pin to impart to the, reciprocating element a reciprocatory motion of variable amplitude. To this end, the crank-pin is carried by an oscillatory element, herein a rockshaft 18, having an axis of oscillation eccentric to the axis of rotation of the shaft 16. When, therefore,

the rockshaft 18is turned about its axis, the radi- 1932, Sell No. 021,415

us of the orbit or the crank-pin ,isvaried by an amount depending upon the'location of the. axis, of the rpckshaft and the amplitude of its turningmovement about such axis.

As herein shown, the eccentricity of the rockshaft 'and the corresponding eccentricity of the crank-pin are governed by a governor whichis responsive to variations in the speed of the driving shaft 18. This is conveniently accomplished by mounting on the rockshaft a centrifugal weight 1 19 (best shown in Fig. 6), herein formed as an integral 7 part of the rockshaft. Endwise movement of the rockshaft is prevented by suitable means, such as a stop screw 20 (see Fig. '7), i

having a reduced portion 21, which is received in a segmental groove 22 in the rockshaft 18. The screw and slot,.whi1'e employed primarily to prevent endwise movement of the rockshaft, may also serve as onemeans to limit turning movement of the rockshaft. However, as they are near the axis, I prefer to employ other steps presently tobe described, much farther, from the axis,-to limit turning movement of the rockshaft.

While the weight 19 might be relied upon without other aid to control the turning of the rockshaftunder the influence of the variations in the speed of the driving shaft, I prefer to employ a spring 23 (see Fig. i) to assist the weight. This spring can be arranged to .present a yielding resistance to the weight 19 in either direction, that is to say, it may be utilized either to increase or to decrease the eccentricity of the crank-pin, but in the embodiment shown, the Spring is ar-' ranged to have a neutral position, in which it a is not stressed, and in which the position of the stop screw 20 is in the center of the segmental slot 22 when the mechanism isat rest. This is simply a matter of. securing the ends of the spring in. the desired relationship of the parts which they connect. As shown in Fig. 1, one end of the spring is wound about and is secured to a plug 24, having a tongue 25, which is received in a slot,26 in the shaft 16, and the otherend of 4 the spring is wound about and is secured to a similar plug 27, having a tongue 28 received in a slot 29 in the ropiishaft 1B. As herein shown, the, slots are conveniently formed by making drilled holes, into which the tongues extend erally. I

In order that the rotating. parts shall be in balance after the full speed of the driving shaft is attained, I provide the latter with a fly-wheel 30, having a weight 31 which isopposite to the weight 19 when the latter is fully advanced,- that is to say, in its" extreme outward position latits

under the'influence of centrifugal force when the driving shaft has reached a certain speed.

The counter-weight 31 balances the weight 19, as well as the rockshaft with its crank-pin. This ensures smooth running, without noticeable vibration, as the two weights under this condition constitute together a balanced fly-wheel. The fly-wheel is provided with stops 32 and 33, to

limit/turning movement of the ro ckshaft in 'op-' imum. The throw of the crank-pin may start from zero, or from any desired minimum point. In the form shown, the radius of the crank-pin is short, and this gives the eccentric weight a great leverage in throwing the crank-pin to its maximum throw, and to maintain it at such throw when the driving shaft is at full speed. In this position, the main shaft, rockshaftand crank-pin centers are almost directly over each other in the order named. This provides a positive drive.

The amplitude of the reciprocatorymotion of the element 10 is shown by a comparison of Figs.

2 and 3, Fig. 2 showing the element 10 at the inner end or bottom of its minimum stroke, and

'Fig. 3 showing the outer end or top of the minimum stroke. As the speed of the driving shaft increases, the eccentricity of the crank-pin increases, until in the full running position shown in Figs. 4 and 5, the reciprocatory element 10 has its maximum stroke, Fig. 4 showing the same at the inner end of its maximum stroke, and Fig.

- 5 showing the same at the outer end of its maximum stroke.

It mightbe supposed that it would be more desirableto have the setting of the spring 23 such that the latter would tend to retain the crank-pin in its fully retarded position,that is, the position in which the crank-pin has its shortest throw. Such setting of the spring has been found to produce satisfactory results, but it has been found more desirable to set the spring so that it tends to restore the crank-pin to its mid-position. With the lattensetting of the spring, the crank-pin is at mean position when the mechanism is at rest. i

When the driving shaft startsto turn, the weight 19 will by its inertia lag behind the shaft 16, and will thus bring the crank-pin momentarily to its 'minimum throw in opposition to the resistance of the spring. When, however, the shaft acquires suflicient speed, the centrifugal effect of the weight,-due to its eccentric mounting, results in the weight being thrown outwardly with relation to the shaft. During the first half of this'movement, the spring, which 1 carries the rockshaft and the crank-pin past the neutral position of the spring, and thereafter the spring is stressed in the opposite direction, and yieldingly resists outward movement of the weight. When the-weight, the rockshaft and the crank-pin reach their extreme outward positon, the crank-pin has its greatest throw, and

the reciprocatory element has its greatest stroke.-

The weight would commence to lag immediately upon the cutting oif of the current, if it were not for the fact that any remaining refrigerant in the cylinder acts as a brake upon the continued rotation of the rotor, which acts as a fly-wheel. Soon after the speed of the shaft is reduced, the weight commences to lag behind the shaft, and is assisted by the spring during the first half of this backward movement with relation to the shaft. During this time, the throw of the crankpin is reduced, and the stroke of the reciprocatory element is correspondingly decreased.-

Observation of the mechanism with the setting of the spring as illustrated in the drawings shows that sometimes when the driving shaft stops,

. the crank-pin is returned to its position of minmechanism stops with the crank-pin at mid throw, when the shaft starts again, the'lag of the weight will bring the crank-pin momentarily to its minimum throw, and then as' the speed of the shaft increases, the crank-pin throw will be increased to maximum as the shaft speed approaches or reaches maximum.

Having thus described one embodiment of the invention, but without limiting myself thereto, what I claim and desire by Letters Patent to secure is:

1. In a mechanism for translating rotary motion to reciprocatory motion, the combination of a rotatable driving element, an oscillatory element having a shaft portion whose axis is eccentric with relation to the axis of said rotatable element, said shaft portion being within and revolved by said rotatable element about the axis of the latter, stop means to limit oscillatory movement of said oscillatory element in opposite directions, a spring within said rotatable element yieldingly resisting oscillatory movementof said oscillatory element with relation to said rotata -ble element, an orbitally movable element carried by said oscillatory element and having two movements, one an orbital movement caused by rotation of said rotatable element and the other an arcuate movement caused by oscillation of said oscillatory element with relation to said rotatable element, and a weight carried by said oscillatory element to turn the latter about its axis in opposition to the yielding resistance of said spring in response to variations in the speed of rotation of said rotatable element.

2. In a mechanism for translating rotary niotion to reciprocatory motion, the combination of a rotatable driving element to which power is applied, an oscillatory element having a shaft portion whose axis of oscillation is eccentric to the axis of rotation of said rotatable element, said shaft portion being within and revolved by said rotatable element about the axis of the latter, an orbitally movable element carried by said oscillatory element and having two movements, one an orbital movement caused by rotation of said rotatable element and the other an arcuate movement caused by oscillation of said oscillatory element with relation to said rotatable element, and means responsive to variations in the speed of said rotatable driving element to turn said oscillatory element aboutits axis. 1

-3. In a mechanism for translating rotary motion to reciprocatory motion, the combination of a rotatable driving shaft to which power is to be applied, an oscillatory shaft whose axis is eccentric with relation to the axis of said driving shaft, said oscillatory shaft being within and revolved by said driving shaft about the axis of said driving shaft, means to limit turning ofsaid oscillatory shaft with relation to said driving shaft, a crank-pin carried by saidoscillatory shaft, and means responsive to variations in, the speed of rotation of said driving shaft to turn said oscillatory shaft with relation to said driving shaft to inove said crank-pin toward and from the axis of said driving shaft.

4. In a mechanism for translating rotary motion to reciprocatory motion, the combination of a rotatable driving shaft to which power is to be applied, an oscillatory shaft whose axis is eccentric with relation to the axis of said driving shaft, said oscillatory shaft being within and revolved by said driving shaft about the axis of said driving shaft, means to limit turning of said oscillatory shaft with relation to said driving shaft, a crank-pin carried by said oscillatory shaft, and speed-responsive means responsive to variations in the speed of rotation of said driving shaft to turn said oscillatory shaft with relation to said driving shaft to move said crank-pin toward and from the axis of said driving shaft.

5. In a mechanism for translating. rotary mo tion to r'eciprocatory motion, the combination of a rotatable driving shaft to which power is to be applied, an oscillatory shaft whose axis is eccentric with relation to the axis of said driving shaft, said oscillatory shaft being within and revolved by said driving shaft about the axis of said driving shaft, means to limit turning of said oscillatory shaft with relation to said driving shaft, a crank-pin carried by said oscillatory shaft, and a weight carried by said oscillatory shaft responsive to variations in the rotative speed of said driving shaft to turn said oscillatory shaft with relation to said driving shaft-to move said. crank-pin. l 6. In a mechanism for translating rotary motion to reciprocatory motion, the combination of a rotatable driving shaft, an oscillatory shaft whoseaxis is eccentric with relation to the axis of said driving shaft, said oscillatory shaft being within and revolved by said driving shaft about the axis of said driving shaft, means to limit turning .of said oscillatory shaft with relation to said driving shaft, a, crank-pin carried by said oscillatory shaft, means responsive to variations in-the. rotative speed of said driving shaft to turn .said oscillatory shaft in one direction about its axis, and yielding means to resist such turning of said oscillatory shaft and to turn said oscillatory shaft in the'oppositedirection.

'7. In a mechanism for translating rotary motion to reciprocatory motion, the combination of a rotatable driving shaft, an oscillatory element whose axis is eccentric with relation to the axis of said driving shaft, said oscillatory element being carried and revolved by said driving shaft about the axis of said driving shaft, means to limit turning of said oscillatory element with relation, to said drivingshaft a crank-pin carried by said oscillatory-element, a weight carried by said oscillatory element-to turn the latter with relation to said driving shaft to move said-crank-pin toward and from the axis-of said shaft, and a counter- .weight fixedly carried by said driving shaft to balance said weight carried by said oscillatory element.

8. In a mechanism for translating rotary motion to reciprocatory-motion, the combination of a rotatable driving, shaft to which power is to be applied, a rockshaft whose axis is eccentric with relation to the axisof saiddriving shaft. said -3 rockshaft being within and revolved by 59.1 driving shaft about theaxis of the latter, a cr nk-pin carried by said rockshaft, andspeed-responsive means responsive to variations in the speed of rotation of said driving" shaft to turn said rockshaft about its axis to move said crank-pin toward and from the axis of said driving shaft. I

9. In a mechanism for translating rotary motion to reciprocatory motion, the combination of a rotatable driving shaft, a bearing for said shaft, a rocking element whose axis is eccentric with relation to the axis of said shaft, said element having a part within and revolved by said shaft about the axis of the latter, a crank-pin carried by said rocking element, and a centrifugal weight carried by said element between said bearing and said crank-pin.- I

' 10. In a mechanism for translating rotary motion to reciprocatory motion, the combination of a rotatable driving shaft, a bearing for said shaft, a rocking element whose axis is eccentric with relation to the axis of said shaft, said element being carried and revolved by said shaft about the axis of the latter, a crank-pin carried by tudinal bore whoseaxis is eccentric to the axis of said shaftsa rockshaft mounted to turn in said bore, a crank-pin carried by said ,rockshaft and having its axis eccentric to the axis ofsaid rockshaft, and means responsive to variations in the speed of said driving shaft to turn said rockshaft about its axis.

12. In a mechanism fortranslating rotary motion to reciprocatory motion, the combination of a rotatable driving shaft, provided with a longitudinal bore whose axis'is eccentric to the axis 'ofsaid shaft, is rockshaft mounted to turn in said bore, a crank-pin carried by said rockshaft and having its axis eccentric to the axis of said rockshaft, means responsive to variations in the speed of said driving shaft to turn said rockshaft about its axis, and a spring within said bore yieldingly resisting turning of said rockshaft in response to said means.

13. In a mechanism for translating rotary motion to reciprocatory. motion, the combination of a rotatable driving sha'ft provided with a longitudinal bore whose axis is eccentric to the axis of said shaft, a rockshaft mounted to turnin said bore, said rockshaft also having a. longitudinal bore, a. crank-pin carried by said rockshaft and having its axis eccentric to the axis of said ro'clrshaft, means responsive to variations in the speed of said driving shaft to turn said rockshaft about its axis, and a spring within the second-memtioned boreyleldlngly resisting turning m:v mu

rockshaft in response to said means.

14. In a mechanism for translating rotary motion toireciprocatory motion, the combination of a rotatable driving'shaft provided with a longitudinal bore whose axis is eccentric tothe axis of said shaft, a rockshaft mounted to turn in said bore, means to limit turning movement of said rockshaft in said bore, a crank-pin carried by said rockshaft and having its axis eccentric to the axis of saidrockshaft, and means responsive to variations, in the speed of said driving shaft to turn said rockshaft about its axis.

15. In a mechanism for translating rotary moshaft in said bore, a crank-pin carried by said saidroekshaft and having rockshaft and having its axis eccentric to the axis of said rockshaft, and means responsive to variations in the speed of said driving shaft to turn said rockshaft about its axis.

16. Ina mechanism for translating rotary motion to reciprocatory motion, the combination of a rotatable driving shaft provided with a longitudinal bore whose axis is eccentric to the axis of said shaft, a rockshatt mounted to turn in said bore, means to limit turning movement of said rockshaft in said bore, a crank-pin carried by said rockshaft and having its axis eccentric to the axis of said rockshaft, means responsive to variations in the speed of said driving shaft to turn said' rockshaft about its axis, and a spring within said bore yieldingly resisting turning voif said rockshaft in response to said means. I

17. In a mechanism for translating rotary motion to reciprocatory motion, the combination of a rotatable driving shaft provided with alongitudinal bore whose axis is eccentric to the axis oif said shaft, a rockshaft mounted to turn in said bore, means to limit turning movement of said rockshaft in said bore, a crank-pin carried by its axis eccentric to the axis of "said rockshaft, means responsive to variations in the speed of said driving shaft to turn said rockshaft about its axis, and a torsional spring within said bore having one end secured to said rockshaft and the other end secured to said driving shaft. 7

18. In a mechanism for translating rotary motion to reciprocatory motion, the combination of a driving shaft to which power is to be applied,-a

' rock-shaft whose axis is eccentric to that of said shaft, said rock-shaft being within and revolved by said driving shaft about the axis of the latter, a crank-pin carried by said rockshaft and having two movements, one an orbital movement caused by rotation of said driving shaft and the other'an I lLLlAM D.

' eminent or comtscriou.

arcuate movement caused by rocking of said rockshaft with relation to said driving shaft, and a centrifugally operated weight carried by said rockshaft and responsive to variations in the speed of rotation of said driving shaft to rock said rock-shaft. 1

19. In a mechanism for transmittin Power from a source of power of variable speed and torque to a reciprocatory element, the combination of a rotatable driving element to which the power is to be applied, an oscillatory element car-- ried and revolved by said driving element about 'the axis of the/latter, a crank-pin carried by said oscillatory element to transmit the power from I said driving element to the reciprocatory element,

and means responsive to variations in the speed of rotation of said driving element to turn said oscillatory elementwith relation to said driving ele- 'ment and to cause said crank-pin to move outwardly in response to increasing speed and torque of said driving element and inwardly in response to the diminishing speed and torque of said driving element, thereby to vary the stroke of the reciprocatory element in accordance with said speed and torque. I

20. In a mechanism for transmitting power from a source of power of variable speed and torque to a r'eciprocatory element, the combination of arotatable driving element towhich the power is to be applied, an oscillatory element carried and revolved by said driving element about the axis of the latter, means to limit the oscillatory movement of said oscillatory element 'with rela tion to said driving element, a crank-pin carried by said oscillatory element to, transmit the power from said driving element to the reciprocatory element, and means responsive to variations in the speedpf rotation of said driving element to turn said oscillatory element with relation to said driving element and to cause said crank-pin to move outwardly in response to increasing speed and torque of said driving element and inwardlyin response to diminishing speed and torque of said driving element, thereby to vary the stroke of the reciprocatory element in accordance with said speed and torque.

WILLIAM D. DRYSDALE.

August 14 1934.

DRYSDAl-E.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the ehovemmhered potent requiring correction as follows: Page 1, line 76, for "ete after "in" insert to be; and that the aid reed atone; page 2,; line 130, claim 2.,

Letter; mm should beread with these corrections therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

si n d n sealed this 11m day of s ptem ber, A. D.

"Leslie l nger v 7 Acting Conlniasioner of Patents.

' shaft in said bore, a crank-pin carried by said saidrockshaft and having rockshaft and having its axis eccentric to the axis of said rockshaft, and means responsive to variations in the speed of said driving shaft to turn said rockshaft about its axis.

16. Ina mechanism for translating rotary motion to reciprocatory motion, the combination of a rotatable driving shaft provided with a longitudinal bore whose axis is eccentric to the axis of said shaft, a rockshatt mounted to turn in said bore, means to limit turning movement of said rockshaft in said bore, a crank-pin carried by said rockshaft and having its axis eccentric to the axis of said rockshaft, means responsive to variations in the speed of said driving shaft to turn said' rockshaft, about its axis, and a spring within said bore yieldingly resisting turning voi said rockshaft in response to said means. I

17. In a mechanism for translating rotary motion to reciprocatory motion, the combination of a rotatable driving shaft provided with alongitudinal bore whose axis is eccentric to the axis of said shaft, a rockshaft mounted to turn in said bore, means to limit turning movement of said rockshaft in said bore, a crank-pin carried by its axis eccentric to the axis of said rockshaft, means responsive to variations in the speed of said driving shaft to turn said rockshaft about its axis, and a torsional spring within said bore having one end secured to said rockshaft and the other end secured to said driving shaft. 7

18. In a mechanism for translating rotary motion to reciprocatory motion, the combination of a driving shaft to which power is to be applied,-a

' rock-shaft whose axis is eccentric to that of said shaft, said rock-shaft being within and revolved by said driving shaft about the axis of the latter, a crank-pin carried by said rockshaft and having two movements, one an orbital movement caused by rotation of said driving shaft and the other'an I lLLlAM D.

it is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of th above numbered patent requiring correct reed atom; page 2,, line 130, claim 2.,

Letters mm should bereed with these conform to the record of the case in the si n d n sealed this 11th day of September, A. o.

. (any I eminent or commotion.

15. In a mechanism for translating rotary moarcuate movement caused by rocking of said rockshaft with relation to said driving shaft, and a centrifugally operated weight carried by said rockshaft and responsive to variations in the speed of rotation of said driving shaft to rock said rock-shaft. v

19. In a mechanism for transmittin Power from a source of power of variable speed and torque to a reciprocatory element, the combination of a rotatable driving element to which the power is to be applied, an oscillatory element car-- ried and revolved by said driving element about 'the axis of the'latter, a crank-pin carried by said oscillatory element to transmit the power from I i said driving element to the reciprocatory element, and means responsive to variations in the speed of rotation of said driving element to turn said oscillatory elementwith relation to said driving ele- 'ment and to cause said crank-pin to move outwardly in response to increasing speed and torque of said driving element and inwardly in response to the diminishing speed and torque of said driving element, thereby to vary the stroke of the reciprocatory element in accordance with said speed and torque. I

20. In a mechanism for transmitting power from a source of power of variable speed and torque to a r'eciprocatory element, the combination of arotatable driving element towhich the power is to be applied, an oscillatory element carried and revolved by said driving element about the axis of the latter, means to limit the oscillatory movement of said oscillatory element 'with rela tion to said driving element, a crank-pin carried by said oscillatory element to, transmit the power from said driving element to the reciprocatory element, and means responsive to variations in the WILLIAM D. DRYSDALE.

August 14 1934.

DRYSDAl-E.

ion as follows: Page 1, line 76, for "etepe", after "in" insert to be; and that the aid corrections therein that the same may Patent Office,

"Leslie l nger v 7 Acting (lonlniasioner of Patents.

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