US1942060A - Method of cooling composition tile - Google Patents

Description

Jan. 2, 1934. G. P. HEPPEs METHOD OF COOLING COMPOSITION TILE 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed July 5. 1932 .ytornegn HKV@ Jan. 2, 1934. G. P. HEPPEs METHOD OF COOLING GOMPOSITIO TILE .fornegp 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 ..771 be 72 for Geog@ Heppes, 3J

Filed July 5, 1932 Jan. 2, 1934. G. P. HEPPEs METHOD OF. COOLING COMPOSITION TILE 5. 3 W, m 5PM wl 0 w 4 Z 5M 6 2V n @y w k m .m

Jan. 2, 1934..

G. P. HEPPEs METHOD 0F COOLING COMPOSITION TILE Filed July 5, 1932 QN SNN lla-wu 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented Jan. 2 i934 METHOD 0F @@QUNG CMPUSH'HGN vlllllllll George ll. llileppes, .Chicago Heights, lll., assigner to The Tile-Tex ilompany, Chicago Height@ Ill., a corporation of iliinois Application .Sully 5, 1932.

n c. (cica-irc) This invention relates to improvements in a method of making'cornposition Vtile and' refers particularly to a method and means for cooling the heated pliable slabs, from which the tile is to be cut, to the desired temperature for cutting.

The utility, objects and advantages of my in- Vention will be apparent from the accompanying drawings and following detail description.

In the drawings. Fig. 1 is a top plan View of a machine suitable for carrying out my invention.

Fig. 2 is a side elevational view illustrating particularly the drive.

Fig. 3 is an opposite side elevational -view to that shown in Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken on the line 4 4 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is a sectional view taken on the line 5--5 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view. taken on the line 6--6 of Fig. 1.

Fig. '7 is a detailed sectional view illustrating particularly the reversing mechanism of the cooling unit.

Fig. 8 is a sectional view taken on the lineA 8-8 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 9 is a detailed perspective view of a slab of material previous to its insertion in the iirst calender unit.

Fig. 10 is a cross sectional View of a nished block of tile.

Referring in detail to the drawings, 1 indicates a motor which may be adapted to serve as the driving medium for my machine. It is to pe understood, of course, that any prime mover may be utilized such as steam engine, internal combustion engine vor the like. The motor shaft 2 may be coupled to a. speed reducing unit 3 by means of coupling 4. Shaft 5 which is the low speed shaft of the speed reducer 3 may be coupled to shaft 6 by means of coupling 7, the shaft 6 being the drive shaft for the first mixing unit 8.

f The mixing unit 8 may comprise a pair of coacting rolls 9 and 10 being disposed adjacent each other, their axes being parallel. -A pinion 1i may be mounted upon the drive shaft 6 and may be adapted to mesh with gear 12 which, in

turn, may be mounted upon the shaft 13 of thev roll 10. A gear 14 may be mountedupon shaft 1'6. the same shaft which carries the cio-acting roll 9. The gear 14 may be of larger diameter than the gear 15 and consequently the roll 107will revolve at a greater angular velocity than the roll 9, the ratio of the angular velocity of the rolls 10 and 9 may be approximately 3 to 2. However, I do not Wish to be limited to this particular Serial No. 620,642

netti differential in angular velocity inasmuch as the same may be changed to meet various conditions of operation and variations in the material worked upon. The purpose of the differential in angular velocity will be hereinafter more fully described.

Both of the rolls 9 and 10 may be of hollow construction as shown best at r1'7 and 18 in Fig. 4,

said rolls being adapted to be heated by steam introduced therein by means', not shown. This type of mixing unit wherein rolls are heated is well known to the art and it is believed that the showing of steam connections thereto is unnecessary. The rolls 9 and 10 may be supported respectively upon shafts 16 and 13 which may be journalled in the bearing blocks 19 and 20. The blocks 19 and 20 may be slidably positioned within the frames 21 mounted upon supports 22. Screws 23 may be threadedly mounted at the ends of frames 21 andmay be connected to the bearing blocks 20, the arrangement being such that by rotation of the screws 23 the blocks 20 may be moved towards or away from the blocks 19. In this manner the clearance between the peripheries of the rolls 9 and 10 may be coni0 trolled.

The product of my invention, namely a flooring or wall composition tile may comprise a binder such as asphalt or gilsonite, a filler and a pigment. A representative mix may comprise approximately 26% of binder, 74% iiller and a vsuitable quantity of pigment to obtain the desired color of the iinal product. Many types of :fillers may be used such as asbestos or other materials having like characteristics. It is to be understood, of course, that the above proportions are given merely for purposes of illustration and are not intended to serve as a limitation upon my invention.

For purposes of illustration assume that gilsonite is used as the binder and that asbestos is used as the filler and that the materials are used in the approximate proportions suggested above. Lugs 24 may be mounted upon the frames 21 and may be a'dapted to support a hopper 25 which may be pivotally mounted upon said lugs. The asbestos and ground gilsonite may be introduced into the hopper 25 as shown at 26 in Fig. 4, the construction of the hopper being such as to direct the asbestos and gilsonite between the rolls 9 and 10.. I'he temperature of the rolls 9 and 10 may be maintained at approximately 260 tov 300 by means of the steam introduced therein.l However, the fastest moving roll, namely roll Cil relative to the temperature of roll 9. The gilsonite upon contacting the hot rolls softens and the materials are formed into a more or less doughy mass which adheres to the surface of the more rapidly moving coolest roll 10. The doughy mass may be stripped from the roll 10 by means of the knife 27 which may be constructed of brass or other material having high heat conducting properties. The mass may be stripped from the roll 10, may be reinserted between the rolls 9 and 10 and may be worked again and this procedure may be repeated until the consistency of the mass becomes uniform and the color thereof reaches the desired shade. The mass may then be stripped from the roll 10 and may be removed to the second mixing unit 28.

The stripping knife 27 may be pivotally mounted upon the frames' 21 as shown best at 29 in Fig. 4 and as has been hereinbefore mentioned said stripping knife may be constructed of brass or other material having high heat conducting properties. I have found that if a material is used for the knife 27 which does not readily lose its heat, the doughy material being mixed be:

tween the rolls will adhere to the blade of the knife which will necessitate frequent cleaning of the knife. However, if a brass knife or a knife of the material having heat conducting properties similar to those of brass is used, the doughy mass will not adhere to the blade of the knife.

The second mixing unit may comprise rolls 30 and 31 mounted respectively upon shafts 32 and 33. The shafts 32 and 33 may be journalled respectively in bearing blocks 34 and 35 which may be adjustable towards or away from each other by means of screws 36. The frames for the support of the blocks 34 and 35 may be similar to the frames 21 of the mixing unit 8. Shaft 37 of the speed reducing mechanism 3 may be connected to shaft 38 supported by bearings 39 and 40, said connection being accomplished through the coupling 41. A pinion 42 may be mounted upon the shaft 38 and may be adapted to mesh with the gear 43 which, in turn, may be mounted upon shaft 33 and may be adapted to drive roll 31 directly. Gears 44 and 45 may be respectively mounted upon the shafts 32 and 33,

the gears being of such dimensions as to rotate roll 31 at a greater angular velocity than roll 30.

The doughy mass is removed from the rst mixing unit 8 in the form of a slab or sheet of relatively pliable material. Said material may then be inserted between the rolls 30 and 31 which are also of hollow construction and may be steam heated, roll 31 being maintained at a lower temperature than roll 30. As in the case of the rolls 9 and 10, the mass will adhere to the roll 31 as shown best at 46 in Fig. 5, which is revolving at a greater angular velocity and is cooler than the roll 30. Upon milling the material in the second mixing unit 28 the material may be further worked and the color may be brought to a more uniform state as will be hereinafter more fully described; trimmings from the press, which cuts the tile into the particular desired shapes, may be mixed with the doughy mass 43 during its working in the mixing unit 28. In this manner the waste may be utilized.

After working the material 46 in the mixing unit 28 until said material possesses uniform characteristics as to texture and color, the same may be stripped from the roll 3l by means of the knife 47 which may be pivotally mounted upon the frames 21 of the second mixing unit.v The knife 47 is constructed of a material similar to the knife 27, namely, one possessing relatively high heat conducting properties.

The strip of material taken from the roll 3l of the second mixing unit may be folded in the through a calender unit 48. The unit 48 may comprise calender rolls 49 and 50 disposed ad-.

jacent each other and mounted respectively upon shafts 51 and 52, said shafts being journalled in bearing blocks 53 and 54, the blocks 54 being adjustable toward'or away from the blocks 53 by means of screwsl 55. TheA blocks 53 and 54 may be slidably mounted within the frame 56 which, in turn, may be supported by the member 57, frame 56 and member 57 being similar in construction to the frames 21 and supports 22 of the mixing units 8 and 28.

A pinion 58 may be mounted upon the shaft 38 and is adapted to mesh with gear 59 mounted upon shaft 51. A gear 60 may also be mounted upon the shaft 5l at its opposite end and is adapted to mesh with gear 61 mounted upon shaft 52. As can readily be seen the roll 49 is driven by means of the gear 59 and due to the intermeshing relationship of the gears 60 and 61 which may be of equal diameters, the rolls 49 and 50 are driven at equal angular velocities.

As a feature of my invention I may heat the roll 50 by passing steam into the hollow interior thereof,'said roll may be heated to a temperature of approximately 80 to 100 F., the roll 49 may be maintained as cold as possible by circulating water through the hollow interior thereof. At this stage the material adheres to the surface having the highest temperature and consequently the mixed dough-like strip taken from the mixer 28 when inserted between the calender rolls 49 and 50 adheres to the surface of the roll 50.

The axes of the rolls 49 and 50 may be so adjusted with respect to each other as to provide a clearance space between their respective adjacent surfaces equal to approximately a thickness 20% greater than the thickness of the final product, that is, the thickness of the tile.

Of course, it is to be understood that the thickness of the strip 62 which adheres to the heated roll 50 will depend upon the characteristics of the material worked and consequently I do not wish to be limited to the above mentioned illustrative example.

A shaft 63 may be rotatably mounted between the frames 56 and may carry a cut-off knife 64 which may be of a length substantially equal to the length of the rolls 49 and 50. The shaft 63 may be rotated by means of sprocket chain 65 which may pass around sprocket wheel 66, said sprocket chain being in turn driven by the sprocket wheel 6'7 mounted upon shaft 68 of the variable speed reducing mechanism 69, which mechanism in turn may be driven by motor 70, said motor being connected to the mechanism 69 by means of sprocket chain 71. The shaft 63 may bedriven at such a speed as to sever the material 62 adhering to the roll 50 into unit slabs 72, the length of said slabs being determined by the relative speeds of the roll 50 and the shaft 63. It can readily be seen that if unit 4 that is, one mix introduced into the mixer 8 and subsequently operated upon in the finishing mixer 28 and passed to the calender unit 48, may supply sufficient material to produce a plurality of unit slabs 72. As will be hereinafter more fully described, the remaining operations performed upon said slabs are in the nature of continuous operations, each slab being operated upon in series.

Subsequent to the severing of the material 62 upon the roll 50, the unit slabs 72 formed by said cutting operation may be stripped from the surface of the roll 50 by means of the stripping knife '73 which may be of similar material and similar construction to the knives 27 and 47 upon the mixing units 8 and 28 respectively. After being stripped from the roll 50 the slabs may be carried forwardly and upwardly upon conveyor belt 74 which may be carried around pulleys 75 and 76.

The arrangement is such that the rate of travel of the conveyor belt 74 is materially greater than the peripheral speed of the roll 50 which results Y in the unit slabs A72 being positioned upon the ccnsubsequently pressed to the nal thickness of the product, said slabs expand laterally and if the spacing upon the belt was not sufficiently great to compensate for this expanding action, said slabs would enter the subsequent mechanism too close together. Consequently, in order to maintain desirable spacing of the unit slabs, the belt 74 may travel at a rate of speed in excess of the peripheral speed of the roll 50. As an example of this increased rate of speed the following may be suggested; for a 20% excess of thickness the beltv 74 may be caused to travel at a rate of speed 50% greater than the peripheral speed of the roll 50. However, I do not wish to be limited to the above cited example in that the rate of speed of the belt in excess of the peripheral lspeed of the roll 50 will always be dependent upon the thickness of the unit slab 72 cut upon the roll 50 and also upon the desired spacing of the unit slabs from each other.

The unit slabs 72 carried upon the belt 74 are transferred when said belt passes around the pulley 76 to the conveyor belts 77 which may pass over pulleys 78 and 79, the pulleys '79 being rotated by means of sprocket chain 80 which may pass around sprocket wheel 81 mounted upon the shaft which carries the pulleys 79. The sprocket chain 80 is, in turn, driven by the sprocket wheel 82 mounted upon shaft 83. A second sprocket wheel 84 may be mounted upon shaft 83 and may be driven by sprocket chain 85 which, in turn, may be driven by the motor 86. In this manner the unit slabs delivered from the belt 7a are carried'by the belts 77 to a point immediate-y ly above the rolls 87 and 88 of the second calender unit 89'.

The rolls 87 and 88 may be respectively mounted upon shafts 89 and 90 which may be journalled respectively in the bearing blocks 91 and 92, slidably mounted within the frames 93 which are (flo supported by members 9e. The blocks 92 may bc adjusted towards or away from the blocks 91 by means of the screws 95. A gear 96 may be mounted upon the shaft 89 and may be driven by a pinion, not shown, which may be mounted 'upon shaft 97 journalled in bearings 98. A bevelled gear 99 may also be mounted upon the shaft 97 and may be adapted to mesh with bevelled gear 100 mounted upon shaft 101 which may be sup ported by bearings 102. The opposite end of shaft 101 may carry bevel gear 103 which may mesh with bevel gear 104 mounted upon shaft 38. In this manner it can be seen that the roll 49 is driven directly by the gear 96. A gear 105 may be mounted upon the opposite end of the shaft 89 and is adapted to mesh with gear 106 mounted upon the shaft 90. The gears 105 and 106 may be of equal diameters and consequently rolls 49 and 50 may be driven at equal angular velocity.

Similar to the first calender unit 48, one of the rolls, namely roll 87, may be cooled by the passage of water therethrough whereas the other roll 88 may be heated by passing steam therethrough and the unit slabs 72, carried by the belt 77 and delivered between the rolls 87 and 88, will adhere to the warmer roll 88. In passing between the rolls 87 and 88 as has been hereinbefore described, the slabs 72 are reduced in thickness and conseouently all pook-marks and blemishes will be removed from the surfaces of the slabs. The slabs adhering to the surface of the roll 88 are stripped therefrom by means of knife 107 which may be of similar construction to the knife 73, said slabs being deposited upon the conveyor belt 108 which passes around pulley 109.

The unit slabs calendered in the second calender unit 89 and stripped from the roll 88 by the knife 107 are deposited upon the belt 108 and are carried forwardly by said belt, the slabs being disposedl therein in spaced relationship with respect to each other and with respect to the direction of travel of the belt. The belt 108 may travel over guide roller 110 which may be mounted upon support 111 and after passage therever said belt may be carried around a substantial portion of the larea of the surface of cooling drum 112. The drum 112 may be of hollow construction and may be supplied with water or other cooling medium through the pipe 113 which may connect into the interior of said drum. Saidl drum may be mounted upon shaft 114 which may be journalled in bearings 115 mounted upon frame 116. The slabs carried by the belt Y108 are confined between the belt and the surface of the cooling drum 112 during the passage of the belt over the surface of the drum. In this manner a substantial portion of the heat is removed from the slabs. In addition, by thus cooling one surface 'of each-of the slabs, namely the. surface in contact with the drum 112, the volatile matter or gases contained within 'the slab are driven away from the cooled surface toward the warmer surface which is in contact with the belt. Due to the cooling of one surface the material which comprises the slabs is densied adjacent that surface. In addition, the cooled surface is simultaneously brought into concave form which fur--l convex surface, hence the volatile material driven from the cooled surface of the slab can easily escape through the less dense material comprising the outer convex or warmer surface. By thus expelling the volatile material container within the slab, subsequent blistering or the formation of air pockets is eliminated.

The belt 108 upon leaving the surface of the drum 112.is carried around pulleys 117, 118 and 119 'and returns over pulley 109. The pulley 109 may be mounted upon shaft 120 which, in turn, may be journalled in bearing 121 slidably positioned between guides 122 and 123. The bearing 121 may be longitudinally moved between the guides 122 and 123 by means of the screw 124 which may be actuated by means of nut 125. By this arrangement the tension of the belt 108 may be adjusted and when the desirable adjustment has been made, the screw 124 may be locked by means of nut 126.

The slabs carried between the surface of the roll of the drum 112 on belt 108 are carried upon .the surface of said drum after the belt 108 leaves the -drum and passes around pulley 117. At a subsequent period of travel of the slabs upon the surface of the drum 112, said slabs are stripped from the surface of the drum by means of the stripping knife 127 mounted upon the frame 116. The slabs thus removed from the surface of the drum 112 are deposited upon the belt 128 which passes around pulley 129 immediately beneath the position of the stripping knife 127. The slabs 72 are so deposited upon the belt 128 that the cooled surface thereof is disposed adjacent the belt 123 and the warmer' surface thereof faces upwardly. Upon forward motion of the belt 128 the same is carried around cooling drum- 130 which may be constructed similarly to the drum 112, the drum 130 also having a hollow interior and being-supplied with a cooling medium through the pipe 131. The drum 130 may be mounted upon shaft 132 which may be journalled in bearings 133 mounted upon the frame 116. The belt 128 is carried around the drum 130 and covers a substantial portion of the area of said drum. In passing over the surface of said drum the slabs 72 are confined between the belt and the drum.

However, at this period, the cooled surfaces of the slabs are disposed adjacent the belt whereas the uncooled surfaces are maintained adjacent the 138 and 139 by means of screw 140, which may be actuated by nut 141 and locked by nut 142.

4By this arrangement the tension of the belt 128 may be adjusted.'

At the point of travel where the belt 12'8 breaks contact with the surface of the drum 130, the slabs 72 carried between the belt and the drum are stripped'from the surface of the drum by means of the stripping knife 143 whichmay be 4-of similar construction to the knife 127. The

slabs thus stripped from the surface of the drum 130 are carried forwardly to the conveyor belts 144` which travel around pulleys 145 and 146. The

pulley 146 may be mounted uponv shaft 147, said shaft also being adapted to carry a sprocket wheel, not shown, over which sprocket chain' 148' travels, said sprocket chain also passing around" a sprocket Wheel, not shown, mounted upon'the shaft of motor 149. In thismanner" the belts 1'44 are carried forwardly, carrying the slabs 72.i lit the end of the forward travel of the b'elts '144'the slabs 72 are delivered tothe rack 15'0 which Ymayl be provided with stop 1 51. The slabs 72 thus delivered to the rack 150 may then be removed manually or mechanically to -a suitable punch press, not shown, equipped wth dies for 'cutting tiles of desired shapes -and'dimensi'ons A se'ctionalview of one of the tiles is shown'at '172' inFig.1o. 'L

If the slabs 72 are not brought to a suitable cutting temperature, diinculty will be encountered in cutting said slabs. If,forinstance, the slabs are too warm, imperfect cuts will bermad'e by the dies whereas if the lslabs are too cold'the cutting will result in chipped edges of the tiles and the lives of the cutting knives or dies of the press will be materiallyshortened. '-To bring the slabs to a desired cutting terr i peratu1e, of4 course, will depend upon the thickness of the slabs and the rate of passage of the slabs through 'the' cooling portion of the machine. For a given rate'v of passage through the machine and a predeter--l mined temperature of the surfaces of the coolf ing drums which may be controlledwithin certain limits by controlling the passage ofwater' or other cooling medium therethrough, aslab of thickness of approximately one' eighthinch maybe sufficiently cooled by one passageI through l' the cooling portion of the machine'. However,. with other factors remaining constant, if the'slabs are of greater thickness, one passage of the slabs through the cooling portion of the machine may not suiice to lower the temperature of the .slabs to the desired degree for cutting. Consequently, I have provided a means and a .methodof re V turning the slabs, after their passage through the cooling portion of the machine, to the belt 108,2 whereby the slabs may be again carried` through the cooling unit. I To accomplish this end I have provided a switching mechanism 152 4which may comprisea member 153 which may be loosely journalledl upon shaft 154, the same shaft which carries, pulley 134. The member 153 may carry arcuate plate 154 provided with handle 155. The member 153 may also carry an extension 15G-which, in turn, may support a counterweight 157 which.

' may normally maintain the arcuate plate 154-in the position shown in Fig. 6. Anfarm 158 may be carried by the weight 157 and a roller 159 may" be rotatably mounted upon the end of said arm, said roller being adaptedto ride upon the surface of the belt 128 during its passage over the pulley 134.` To pass the slabs 72 through -the coolingmeclranism comprising the drums 112 and -180 ibut once, the switching mechanism 152 will be posi-l tioned as shown best in Fig. 6. If a greater Vde- .i

gree of cooling is desired the member .153 may be' 140 the slabs 72 are stripped from the surface of 145' the'roll 130, the forward edges of said slabs contact the concave face of the arcuate member 154 and are directed upwardly. Said'forward edges in passing upwardly are inserted between the surface of the belt 128 and theroller 159 and are 150 Eso . position tile, the improvement which comprises neeaoeo thus carried upon the surface of the belt as shown best at 160 in Fig. '7.

The slabs carried upon the upper surface of the belt 128 are delivered to a chute 161 mounted upon frame 116 when the belt 128 passes over the pulley 135. The chute 161 directs the slabs to the upper surface of the belt 108 previous to its passage around the first cooling drum 112. 1n this manner each of the slabs stripped from the drum 130 are carried around the pulley 134 upon the belt 128 and are deposited in serien' upon the belt108 whereby said slabs may again be passed through the cooling unit. as has been hereinbefore described the slabs, depending upon their thickness, may be passed through the cooling unit once or any number of times suihcient to properly cool the material to a desired cutting temperature.

The sise of unit batches which are made up or mixed in the mixing units 8 and 28, are so pro portioned as to comprise a desired number of slabs which, if passed through the cooling unit more than once, will not be overlapped by the slabs being returned from. the chute 161". 'Ihat is, the rst recycled slab delivered to the belt 108 from the chute 161 will be delivered to said belt following the passage of the last slab initially entering the cooling unit. 1f the slabs are to be delivered through the cooling unit but once, the batches mixed in the units 8 and 28 may be substantially larger. Of course, it is to be understood that if the slabs are to be passed through the cooling unit but once, the calendering and cooling units of the machine may be run continuously, that is, properly mixed material may be continuously forwarded to the rst. calender unit 48.

The driving mechanism for the cooling drums 112 and 130 may comprise a sprocket wheel 162 mounted upon shaft 89. Sprocket chain 163 may pass over the Wheel 162 and may connect said wheel with sprocket wheel 164 mounted upon shaft 132. A pulley 165 may be mounted upon shaft 132 and may be operatively connected to pulley wheel 166 mounted upon shaft .114 by means of belt 16'?. The belt 167 may be crossed from which unit tiles may subsequently be cut has hereinbefore been described, the slabs being of one color. However, my invention broadly contemplates the making of slabs which may be subsequently cut into tile lof desired dimensions with faces resembling marble, that is, in regard to the swirls or configurations which are characteristic of marble.

' I claim as my invention:

1. In la process wherein binder, filler and pigment are mixed under the influence of heat to form a coherent mass which is calendered and cut into unit slabs for the manufacture of comfeeding said slabs through a cooling zone wherein opposite faces of said slabs are caused to progressively contact cooling surfaces, removing said slabs after passage through said coolingzone and again feeding them through the cooling zone in contact withv the coolingsurfaces whereby the temperature of the slabs is reduced to a suitable cutting temperature.

2. In a process wherein binder, filler and pigment are mixed under the influence of heat to form o. coherent mass which is calendered and 'cut into unit slabs for the manufacture of composition tile, the improvement which comprises feeding each slab through a cooling zone wherein one face of each slab is brought into contact with a cooling surface, transferring said slabs to a second coolingsurface in such a manner that the opposite face of each slab contacts said second cooling surface, removing said slabs from said second cooling surface and again feeding the slabs through the cooling zone in contact with said cooling surfaces.

4. In a process wherein binder, ller and pigment are mixed under 'the influence of heat to form a coherent mass which is calendered and cut into unit slabs for the manufacture of composition tile, the improvement which comprises causing one face of each of said slabs to contact a moving cooling surface, thereafter causing the opposite face of each slab to contact a second moving cooling surface, removing the slabs from l contact with said second moving cooling surface and recycling them into contactl with said first mentioned cooling surface.

5. In a process wherein binder, filler and pig- 'loo ice

ment are mixed under the influence of heat to 12g form a coherent mass which is calendered and cut into unit slabs for the manufacture of composition tile, the improvement which comprises' feeding unit slabs through a cooling zone wherein opposite faces of each slab are progressively'125 brought into contact with rotating cylindrical surfaces, periodically removing the slabs from a succeeding surface and returning s'ame to a preceding surface whereby the temperature of the slabs after being eventually removed from the cooling zone has been reduced to a desirable cutting temperature.

6. In a process wherein binder, filler and pigment are mixed under the influence of heat to form aV coherent mass which is calendered and cut into unit slabs for the manufacture of composition tile, in which process the unit slabs are fed into contact with a plurality of cooling surfaces wherein opposite faces of said slabs progressively contact said cooling surfaces the improvement which comprises, periodically removing slabs Afrom a succeeding cooling surface and recycling and again feeding said slabs into contact with a preceding cooling surface whereby to reduce the temperature of said slabs to a suitable cutting temperature.

7. `In a process wherein binder, filler and pigment are mixed under the influence of heat to form a coherent mass which is calendered and cut into unit slabs for the manufacture of composition tile, the improvement which comprises bringing one face of said slabs in series into contact with a rotating cooling surface,gthereafter bringing the opposite face `of said slabs in seriatim into contact with the second rotating cooling surface, returning said slabs in series into contact with said cooling surfaces and repeating said recycling operation until the slabs reach a face to tension, thereafter passing said slabs inv seriatim into contact with a second cooling surface to cool and densify the material adjacent that face initially subjected to tension while -subjecting the opposite face, to tension, returning said slabs in series into contact with said cooling surfaces, and repeating said recycling operation until the slabs reach a temperature suitable for cutting into composition tile.

9. In a process wherein a batch consisting of binder, ller and pigment are mixed under the influence of heat to form a coherent mass which is calendered and cut into unit slabs from which composition tile-may `befcut the improvement which comprises, bringing one face of each of said slabs comprising a batch in seriatim into contact with a moving cooling surface, thereafter bringing the opposite face of each of said slabs comprising a batch in seriatim into contact with a second moving cooling surface, returning said slabs in series and again causing them to contact said first mentioned cooling surface and during passage in contact with said cooling surfaces maintaining the distance between the rst slab of said batch and another slab in said batch less than the length of the path of travel in contact with said cooling surfaces.

l0. In a process wherein a plurality of batches comprising a binder, a ller and a pigmentare mixed under the influence of heat to form coherent masses, the masses or batches being calendered and cut into unit slabs, and the unit slabs of eachbatch passed in series through a cooling zone the improvement which comprises, returning the unit slabs. leaving the cooling zone in series for repassage through said cooling zone and maintaining the distance between the rear edge of a slab of one batch and the front edge of theslab in a succeeding batch greater than the length of a batch times the number of recycling operations performed upon each batch.

1l. In aprocess wherein a binder, a filler and a pigment are mixed under the influence of heat to form a coherent mass which is calendered and cut into unit slabs from which composition tile may be cut, the improvement which comprises .the following successive steps; bringing one face of each of said slabs in series into contact with a relatively cold moving surface, thereafter bringing the opposite face of each of s aid slabs cold moving surface, returning said slabs in series and again causing said slabs to contact said first 'and second cooling surface and repeating said recycling operation until the temperature of the slabs has been reduced to a suitable cutting temperature.

GEORGE P. HEPPES.

Ain series into contact with a second relatively l

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