US1811411A - Wall construction - Google Patents

Description

Patented June 23, 1931 I I ,81 l

Unrrsn STATES PATENT DONALD D. WHI'IACRE, OF WAYNESBURG, AND JOHN C. WOOD, OF LAKEWOOD, OHIO WALL CONSTRUCTION Application filed May 5, 1928. Serial No. 275,313.

This invention relates to wall construcdifferent tile blocks in laying the Wall. Antion and particularly to a composite wall other object of our invention is to construct formed ofbrick and hollow tile. a wall of like units of tile with like units Incurrent practice of building composite oi brick while carrying out the above obbrick and tile walls, it has been the teaching jects. A further object is to construct the 5 of the prior art to bond the brick and tile tile block wit-h portions extending into the together in, for instance, every sixth course brick portion of the wall and bonding the by laying one course of brick endwise relatwo portions of the wall together to lend it tive to theface of the wall so that these strength.

1 bricks, which are commonly termed header Other objects will appear from the follow- 60 bricks; extend into the tile portion of the ing description of the preferred form of wall'abouthalt their length. In this pracour invention, reference being had to the tice about one-seventh of the mass of face accompanying drawings. \Vhile we have brick are disposed in the tile portion or verillustrated our invention in an environment '15 ticaltile zone-of the wall.- of the common six course bond, those skilled Face brick for walls are sought among in the art will appreciate that the benefits of other reasons for their decorative value and the teaching of our invention are not so since-the appearance of the wall and buildlimited.

- ing depends upon the quality of the brick, it In the drawings, Fig. l is a perspective of 2c is oftendesirable to use an expensive face a section of the wall made in accordance 70 brick. to enhance the appearance of the with our invention; Fig. 2 is a perspective building. While expensive brick are used view of a modified form of our invention; for the sake of appearance, it has been Fig. 3 is a perspective view of another modipointed out above, that the common practice fication of our invention; Figs. 4, 5 and 6 involves hiding aboutone-seventh of the toare perspective views of the tile blocks '1 tal mass of brick as bonding elements in the shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 respectively. form of header bricks. It is'arnong the ob- Referrin to Fig. l, we show a preferred jects of our-invention to eliminate this loss form of our invention in which two hollow offace brick, to reduce the -cost of the wall back-up tile U (see also Fig. 4-) are used for so and to substitute the less expensive hollow every six courses of brick. Each of the tile as the bonding unit between the brick back-up tile U have an outwardly extending and tile portion of the wall. lip M which extends into the brick portion In constructing wall, it is good practice of the wall and serves to bond the brick and I to lay the bricks on their sides with the tile portions together. In this form of our brickportion of the Wall about four inches invention, however, we propose to use five s5 thickso that the brick facing will offer adecourses of stretcher brick S laid in the usual quate resistance to the elements. WVe apmanner, but in every sixth course we propreciate that, the total tonnage of bricks pose to edge-set a brick S, which is otherusedin a given wall could be reduced by rewise equal to a stretcher brick S. The clucingrthe thickness of the brick portion of bricks S and S are the same in size but the the wall, but it is among the objectsof-our bricks S lie on their greatest longitudinal invention to effect an economy of brick witl surface while the bricks S repose on their out sacrificing the protective value of the least longitudinal surface. In this arrange brickfacing or without reducing the thickment each lip or extension M of the tile ness of-the brick part of the wall at least blocks U will have a depth equal to oneinthe usual stretcher course's. half of the width of a brick less one-hall a An' object of our: invention is to provide a mortar joint, giving in standard practice, wall in. whichthe tile portion of the wall about two inches. comprises a plurality of likeblocks so that In this form of our invention the height the masonwillnot have to choose between of six courses of brick including a course of edge-set brick is greater than the usual six courses wlth headers by the difference between the width and thickness of a brick.

The economy of our construction may more simply be shown by contrasting the structures of Fig. 2 with the well known and usual prior art constructlon. 7

Referring particularly to Fig. 2, we show a wall comprising the usual stretcher brick S laid in five adjacent courses. We show adjacent the stretcher bricks on the inner side of the wall, a hollow tile block T.

The tile block T is provided with an out-' wardly extending lip L which extendsinto the brick portion of the wall and serves to bond the brick portions and the tile portions together.

To providea uniform facing for the wall, veneer bricks B are laid againstthe lip of the tile T and are bondedbetween courses of stretcher brick above and below. The

veneer bricks V have the same vertical.

displacement as the stretcher bricks S.

In the presentpractice of building composite brick and tile walls wherein courses of stretcherbrick are laid between courses of header brick. The header brick extend into the tile of the zone of the wall. Thus the inner halves of the stretcher brick comprise substantially one-seventh of the total mass of brick used in the wall. In contrasting this construction with theconstruction of Fig. 2, it will appear that not only is this one-seventh of the mass of brick eliminated from our wall, but in addition thereto,

' there is saved about one-half of the mass of brick in the veneer course, i. e. in every sixth course which amounts to a little more than one-twelfth of the total mass of brick. Thus the saving in brick effected by the construction of Fig. 2 over the prior art construction is substantially one-seventh plus one-twelfth or about 22%% of the total amount of brick. For this much brick there must be substituted an equivalent gross volume of tile, and inasmuch as the cost of tile per tonis greatly less than the cost of brick, there will be a very substantial saving in the total cost of material. 7

In addition to the saving in material, there will be a saving in labor and in handling, because one veneer brick will be substituted' in the wall for two header brick so that instead of using seven bricks per unit of wall surface, thatis live stretcher brick and two header brick, there will be used but six brick for the same unit of wall surface, so that the time required for laying the wall should be reduced by about 14%.

In comparing Figs. 1 and 2, it can be seen that if the veneer brick B had the same horizontal dimension astheedge-set bricks S that the saving in brick tonnage effected by the construction of Fig. 1 would be greater. than that of Fig. 2." The veneer brick V may have a lesser horizontal dimension than edge-set brick S" so that the economy of material in the two forms may be substantially equal; 'We prefer the construction of Fig. 1 because it permits the use of but two shapes of material, i. e. like bricks and like hollow tile blocks. The fewer the shapes the more rapidly theycan be laid in I the wall. 7

'- It will be understood that if it be desired to use edge-set bricks instead of veneer bricks in the, construction shown in Fig. 1, that the depth of the lip L of the blocks T can be increased for this purpose. In that event, the depth of the lip L would be equal substantially to the width of a stretcher brick.

A. further modification of our: invention ,is shown in Fig. 3, wherein tile blocks V '(see also 6) are used beh nd every five courses of stretcher brick. The tile blocks V are each provided with projectin lips which extend outwardly to the face of the wall and entirely. displace the header or veneer brick, as the case may be. In this construction the appearance of the wall depends upon the color selection of brick and tile, and the practical extentvof its use is.

limited thereby.

It will appear from the foregoing that wall constructed in'accordance with the teaching of our invention can be constructed with an economy not heretofore possible;

that the economy is efiected without sacriiice of strength, appearance or durability of the finished wall; that in the completed wall 7 a firm bond is established between the brick and tile portions; that the total tonnage of brick in a given wall is greatly reduced and that the total mass of the whole wall is re duced. In a steel frame building the mass of steel necessary to support the walls is also reduced. lVith reference particularly to the construction shown in Figs. 1 and 8,

uniform tile shapes and uniform brick shapes may be used throughout thewall so that the mason will not be called upon to select variousfshapes as he lays the units in the wall. I i

While we have illustrated and described a limited number of the forms of our invention and have pointed out the preferred form thereof,we do notcare to be limited in the scope of our patent other thanv by the claims appended hereto.

,VVe claim: 7 p

1. A composite brick and tile wall, comprising'face brick laid in a plurality of" stretcher courses, tile blocks behind the face brick having integrally formed lips extending into the brick facing portion of the wall between stretchercourses of brick, and brick units'disposed with a lesser lateral dimension than the width of the stretcher-brick.

and comprising part of the wall facing and lying flush with the face of the wall and disposed horizontally adjacent said tile lips between said first named stretcher courses of brick.

2. A composite brick and tile wall, comprising face brick laid in a plurality of stretcher courses, L-shaped back-up tile having portions corresponding to the base of the L extending into the brick portion of the wall and having portions corresponding to the upright portion of the L lying behind the -courses of stretcher brick, said L-shaped back-up tile being arranged base to base and head to head so that pairs of adjacent backup tile have adjacent integrally formed portions extending into the brick portion of the wall and bonding the brick with the tile in the wall, and other bricks arranged flush with the face of the wall and disposed between stretcher courses of brick adjacent the base portions of the L-shaped back-up tile. 3. A wall construction comprising a brick facing portion with stretcher courses composed of brick laid on their sides in the usual manner and courses of edge-set brick set with one side flush with the face of the wall and disposed between stretcher courses, and a tile back-up portion comprising hollow tile blocks having vertically extending portions disposed behind the stretcher courses of brick and having integrally formed horizontally extending portions which abut the inner sides of the said edge-set brick and extend between stretcher courses and bond the brick and the tile portions of the wall together.

4. A wall construction having a plurality of stretcher courses of brick arranged between intermediate courses of brick disposed with a lesser lateral dimension than the lateral displacement of the stretcher courses, said wall having a tile part composed of like L-shaped blocks having flat horizontal surfaces and arranged in pairs base to base and head to head the-bases of the L-shaped blocks including integrally formed projecting parts of which a pair plus a mortar joint equal the height of the bricks in the intermediate courses between stretcher courses and extend into the brick part of the wall between stretcher courses adjacent the intermediate courses and bond the brick and tile parts 1 of the wall together.

5. Awall construction comprising a hol low tile part generally arranged in a vertical zone constituting the inner part of the wall and being formed of like hollow tile blocks each having a major voided portion disposed within the tile zone of the wall and a minorvoided portion extending beyond the tile zone toward the outer face of the wall, and being as high as half the width of a brick less half a mortar joint, said blocks each having a major and a minor horizontal load bearing surface the major surface including one side of the said minor portion of the block, said blocks being arranged in pairs with major and minor surfaces of adjacent blocks spaced only by a horizontal mortar bed whereby the said minor portions of adjacent blocks lie together and comprise a lip or ledge equal in height to the width of a brick and extending beyond the tile zone of the wall, said wall having in addition to the tile part a brick facing part comprising stretcher courses of brick laid on their sides and defining generally a vertical brick zone adjacent the said tile zone, said brick part of the wall having edge-set brick in spaced courses between stretcher courses each equal in size to the stretcher brick and laid flush with the face of the wall in courses adjacent the outer faces of the said minor portions of the tile, whereby the stretcher courses of brick bond between them the edge-set brick and the part of the tile extending into the brick zone of the wall.

6. A composite brick and tile wall having a brick facing zone including face brick laid in a plurality of stretcher courses and having a tile back-up zone disposed behind the face brick and bonded with the bricks of the brick zone of the wall, the tile zone of the wall including blocks having integrally formed parts extending into the brick facing zone of the wall between stretcher courses of brick, the brick facing zone of the wall including brick units arranged in courses between stretcher courses and disposed with a lesser lateral dimension than the width of the stretcher brick and comprising part of the wall facing and lying flush with the face of the wall and disposed horizontally adjacent said tile parts between said first named stretcher course of brick whereby said tile parts bond the brick and tile zones of the wall together.

In testimony whereof, we hereunto affix our signatures.

DONALD D. WHITAORE. JOHN C. WOOD.

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