US1807977A - Fuel burner - Google Patents

Description

June 2, 1931; `D s FRAN'K 1,807,977

FUEL BURNER I Filed.- Feb. 4. 1928 Fig-4 171@ INVENTOR.

BY ATToRN Y.`

Patented June 2, 1931l UNITED ls'lATl-:s -Pari-:rrr OFFICE DAVID s. Fliegen, op cg'feo, @om

application mea February 4, wie.- semi. no. 2511.773.-

This invention relates to fuel burners and more particularly to means .for effecting an intimate mixture of fuel with air, although certain features thereof may be employed 6 with equal advantage for other purposes.

It contemplates more especially the provision of means for directing fuel in the path of air or other oxidizing mediums to intimatel diffuse and comingle the particles of fuel therewith to insure the complete combustion thereof.

Known burners are extremely intricate, expensive, and notl cdnducive to the most eiiicient results obtainabfe therefrom. Gaseous fuels are, at best, deficient in producing maximum heats of combustion owing to the lar e percentage of inert ingredients therein. n View thereof, it is highl essential that such fuels be com letely oxi ized to enerate-the 2 highest possi le heat of combustion'both for commercial and domestic purposes.

The diiiculty in efficiently burning fuels resides for the most part in the inability of combining the required` air therewith to pro- Lduce a homogeneous mixture conducive to I complete and eliicient combustion. While fair results, these,nevertheless, are extremely intricate, e pensive in construction, and entail much abor in the production thereof.

In addition to these commercial disadvantages, their results are not uniform nor productive of the highest obtainable efficiencies.

One object of the present invention is to simplify the construction and improve the operation of devices of the character nientioned.

Another object is the provision of. means for discharging fuel along predetermined paths-to impart a twirl thereto for e'ective diffusion in the presence of air or other oxidizin mediums.

Sti l. another object is to provide a burner which will discharge the fuel in an arcuate path to effect the intimate comblnation thereof with the air directed thereagainst. v Y A further object is the provision of a burner which will discharge fuel along helical paths within an air chamber for eiectlve comingling with the air passing therethrough.l

A still further object is to provide means Within an air chamber for discharging fuel in a plurality of paths to impart molecular activity thereto in the presence of air for effective cominglin prior to. combustion.

Still a further o Ject is to provide fuel dischar e means having ports therein for directing uel in oblique paths within an air chamber to effect the passage of .air "a-'nd the comingling thereof with theflel.'

Other objects and advantages will appear from the following descriptionof an illustrative embodiment of the present invention.

In 'the drawings:

Figure 1 isa plan view of a burner embody- G5 infeatures of the present invention.

. igure 2 isv a. sectional view in elevation taken substantially aldng line-ll-II of Fgure-1.A

Figure 3 is an enlargedv fragmentary view' 3,9

of an individual burner unit constituting the preferred embodiment of the invention.

Figure 4 is a fragmentary view ofte. combustion chamber showing the manner in which the burner is associated therewith for supplying fuel thereto. A certain known contrivances are productive of The structure'selected for illustration comprises in this instance, a substantially rectangular refractor block 10 which islprovided with a plura ity of spaced passages 11 i therethrou h, rlhe refractory block 10 is laced wit in a correspondingly shaped orice 12l provided in a wall of a furnace 13 of any sultable construction. The furnace'l has a combustion chamber le therein to receive the fuel and air` issuing through the passages 11 of the refractory block 10 in a manner to be described hereinafter.

Fuel is conducted throughV a suppl conduit 15 which communicates with a eader 16 to furnish fuel to a'plurality of tubes 17 corresponding in number and arrangement to the air passages 11 provided in the refractory block 410. Asshown, the tubes 17 are rigidly secured to and communicate with the headerl 16 .for extension therefrom in parallelism to terminate within the air passages 11 slightly beyond the intake sides 18 thereof. The tubes 17 are arranged for axial Yalitghnlment with the passages 11 which are, in 's stance, of substantiall twice the diameter than the tubes 11 to ena le the free passage of air from the atmosphere around the tubes 17 and through the passages 11 in a manner designated by the arrows (a) It is to be noted that the tubes 17 terminate in an end enclosure 19 which is provided with a plurality of circumferentially spaced ports 2O terminating in the face thereof to discharge the fuel particles with accentuated molecular activity for ultimate introduction within the combustion chamber 14 through the medium of the air passages 11. In order to effectively comingle the fuel with air prior to the combustion thereof, the ports 20 are inclined to assume an oblique position so that the intake ends thereof are disposed inwardly to communicate with the interior of the tubes 17.

The port outlets or discharge ends thereof terminate in proximity to the periphery of the end enclosure 19 to direct the fuel in arcuate or more accurately defined helical paths (b) for contact with the walls of the passages 11, thereby creating accentuated molecular activity over an extended area for effective comingling with air (a). Laterally directing the streams of fuel avoids the siphoning of the-air within the passages 11, thereby depending almost entirely upon a natural or forced furnace draft which effects the introduction of a uniform su ply irrespective of the density or quality o the fuel. This insures a substantiall constant intimate mixture which results in efficient fuel consumption and operation. In burners where the fuel is directed longitudinally of the air passages, air is si honed therein in varying quantities depen ing more or less upon the velocity of discharge and the quality of the fuel, this being undesirable insofar as non-uniformity of the combustible mixture is inevitable.

The direction of the streams of fuel` (b against the walls of the passage tends to e fect the dispersion of the fuel in the form of minute particles so as to ,substantially iill the entire interior of the passages 11 uniformly. The uniform diffusion of the fuel with the passages 11 insures complete comingling thereof with the airstreams (a) prior to the introduction Aof the mixture within the combustion 'chamber 14 where any suitable ignitor may be placed.

It will be apparent from the above description that a novel means of effecting intimate comingling of fuel with air has been provided without resorting to complex, intricate, and expensive structures which are not conducive to dependable operation. Intricate castings are entirely dispensed with by resort to the invention herein described, and, further, the twirling movement of the fuel through a series of helical path'sieifects the complete diffusion of the particles in the neous, uniform and h ighl combustible mixture. -Obviousl a force air draft may be established within the passa es 11 should the requirements of an indivi ual installation or commercial practice dictate.

Various changes may Ibe made in the embodiment of the invention herein specifically described without departing from or sac-y rificing any of the .advantages thereof as defined in the appended claim.

I claim:

In a fuel burner, the combination with a refractory block, there being a plurality of passages extending therethrough, a fuel conducting header, a fuel conduit in axial unobstructed concentric communication with each of said passages, integral end enclosures for said conduits, therevbeing obliquely disposed spirally arranged apertures in said end enclosures to impart twirling motion to the fuel issuing therefrom against the walls of the passages.

DAVID S. FRANK.

path of the air, thereby creating a homoge-

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