US1898789A - Condenser - Google Patents

Description

v Feb. 2l, 1933. A c. RINGWALD 1,898,789

CONDENSER Filed Nov. 5, 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet l Feb. 21, 1933. I C, RINGWALD 1,898,789

CONDENSER Filed Nov. 3, 1927 2 Sheets-Shee'f 2 Ca rence Fi'ngwa/a/ Patented Feb. 2l, 1933 UNITED STATES CLARENCE BINGWALD, Ol' SOUTH BEND, INDIANA CON DENSIR Application lled November 8, 1987. ySerlll No. 830,784.

the two layers or strips of conducting material, such as tinfoil, or the like, upon a mandrel which may form a core and serve as one of the condenser terminals. One of the conducting strips or layers is in contact or connected with the core, and the two i conducting strips or layers are insulated from each other by insulating wrappings interposed therebetween.

The layers or strips of tinfoil, or other 5 conducting material, are preferably so minals o wound that the ed e of one strip projects from one edge of the insulatinr wrappings with the ed e of the other conducting strip projecting rom the op osite edge of said insulating wrappings. he projecting edge of tne strip is crushed over, connecting the turns or convolutions of one conducting strip at one end, and the projectin edge of the other strip is crushed over an into contact with the core to connect the turns or convolutions of the other strip with each other and with the core at the opposite end of the condenser.

The condenser may be enclosed within a surrounding cup or casing and the conducting stri not connected with the core may be suita ly connected with this casing, the present invention providing an improved anchorin of the connecting leads orterthe condenser.

The improved method of winding reduces the number of rolls required, and it also gives more mechanical strength. to the paper or insulation assembly in the winding, makes o it easier to guide and handle the same, and

provides a condenser which is free from wrinkles and air pockets which are extremely detrimental.

e improved insulating layer or wrapping improves the insulation' and provides 555 a superior condenser. I am unable to state with certainty the exact action or actions to which the improvement is due, but I shall describe in the followin detailed specification how this aspect of te invention may be 603 practiced and employed, and I shall reserve the right to propound, supplement or correct the theory as soon as I become aware of the same.

The invention is illustrated in the accom- 555 panying drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section taken axial y through a condenser embodying the present invention before applying the enclosing cup or casing and showing one manner of winding the condenser;

Fig. 2 is a similar view through a completed condenser embodying the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a transverse section taken on the line 3 3 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary longitudinal section taken axially through one end and showing the projecting edge of one conducting strip or layer crushed together and into contact with the core;

Fig. 5 is a similar view through the opposite end of the condenser showing the projecting edge of the other conducting strip crushed together and the anchoring of the leaids or terminals of the condenser at that en Fig. 6 is a fragmentary more or less diagrammatic elevational view, showing the anchoring of the leads or terminals just referred to; and

Fig. 7 is a more or less diagrammatic view showing the preferred manner of Winding the condenser.

Referring to the drawings, a conducting core l0, preferablv of brass, although it may be of any other suitable or preferred metal, is provided with a reduced cylindrical end 11 and its opposite end is bored and internally threaded at 12. One end of the core 10 is moulded at 13 into an end piece 14 formed of a condensation product, or other suitable insulating material, the core 10 being preferably reduced at 15 to bind it firmly in the end piece 14 and against endwise displacement.

The core is preferably of polygonal cross section, although a differently shaped core may be employed. The particular core shown greatly facilitates the work of winding by reason of the ease with which it takes hold of the various strips or layers, and the axial hub 16 of the end piece 14 is preferably similarly shaped.

According to the present invention the core 10 is adapted to serve as the winding mandrel and the core may, therefore, be

ymounted in a suitable condenser winding machine with the internally threaded bore 12 threaded onto the driving spindle A and with the reduced end 11 supported by the idle center B of the winding machine, as indicated diagrammatically in Fig. 1.

The core 10 is rotated, as indicated by the arrow in F ig. 7, to wind thereon two strlps of foil or other suitable conducting material 20 and 21 separated by two insulating layers or Wrappings 22.

Each layer or winding of insulation 22 preferably comprises two sheets or strips 23. 23 of paper with a sheet, strip or layer 24 of different paper between them. As merely illustrative of this, a layer of tissue or other suitable paper might be used between two sheets of glazed paper, but this may, of course, be varied widely. It seems that the two different papers or grades of paper, having different fiber structure, will retain the wax or insulating compound in definite crystalline form in relation to each individual paper construction. It seems that this permits higher insulation than if the crystals form always in one way, but as already pointed out, I am unable to state with certainty the theory of action by which the improved result is secured, and I reserve the right to propound the correct theory as soon as I become aware of the same.

The paper or insulating layers 22 of which there are two, as shown in Fig. 7, are unwound from two rolls 25 and 26 and the two "foil or conducting strips or layers 20 and 21 lated condenser it would be necessarv to,

handle eight rolls. There is a great deal of V,diiiculty in obtaining uniform tension on such a number of rolls and also the paper of the individual rolls has a certain amount of tension within itself. By reducin the number of rolls to two, or to a sing e roll for each layer or convolution of insulation, whether it comprises three or any other plurality of sheets or strips, these disadvantages are overcome. More mechanical strength to the paper assembly in the Winding is also secured and it is easier to guide and handle, and the condenser is made up free from wrinkles or air pockets .with their disadvantages.

In Winding the condenser one or more turns of the foil strip 20 may be first wound directly upon the metal core 10 to place this] strip in direct electrical contact with the core. Then one of the insulating layers may be wound onto the core sufiiciently to completely cover the first turn or turns of the foil strip 20. whereupon the second foil stri or layer 21 is started upon the mandrel wit the next layer of insulation 22 around it to insulate it from the other foil strip. The core 10 may then be rotated to wind on all of the material simultaneously until the de- :sired number of turns are applied.

Upon completing the Winding the inner foil strip is preferably severed closer to the core than the other foil strip, so that the outer ends of these strips Will be se arated from each other and a few turns o wrapping paper may be wound about the condenser as desired. The free ends of the strips or layers may be pasted or otherwise secured down.

' The foil or conducting layer 20 is so wound that the edge 32, as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 4, projects axially from one end of the cylinder formed by the various windings, and the edge 34 of the other strip, as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 5, projects from the opposite end of the condenser. The projecting edge 32 is crushed together, as shown in Fig. 4, and up into contact at 35 with the reduced end 11 and adjacent shoulder of the core 10. This connects the ends of the turns of one conducting layer with each other and With the core 11 at one end and the opposite ends of the conducting layer 21 are crushed together, as at 21 (Fig. 5), thereby connecting the ends of the turns of the other conducting layer at the opposite end of the condenser. Where the ends 32 of the foil strip 20 are turned over at one end, the adjacent edge of the other foil strip 21 is preferably spaced from or terminates short of the adjacent edge of the insulation 22, as at 30, and viceversa at the opposite end to prevent electrical contact between the two foil strips at the ends of the condenser. The current may, therefore, flow axially through the condenser and will not have to flow in a circular direction, and the amount of induction will thereby be decreased.

The-ends of the foil strips may be crushed together durin or after windin the condenser and while the ends 21 ig. 5) are Vshown as turned outwardly, they may be turned inwardly or otherwise crushed into contact at the end of the condenser, as desired. The wound condenser may be immersed, dipped, or otherwise impregnated with wax, or other suitable or preferred insulating material or compound to protect the windings from moisture and insure a constant capacity in the condenser. The cylindrically wound unit may, in this manner, be firmly consolidated together.

After 'winding the insulating and conducting layers upon the central core 10, crushlconducting layers together, and dipping or otherwise treating the resulting structure with wax or other suitable insulating material, the condenser is placed within a condenser casing or cup 40. This cup 40 while preferably of brass, may be of any other suitable metal or conducting material, and -it is of generally cylindrical formation with an integral closed end 42 and an open end 43. The insulatin end piece 14 abuts and closes the open end of the cu 40, and this end piece 14 is provided wit an annular metallic piece of tin or other suitable or preferred sheet metal 45 which may be moulded along its inner margin in the end 'piece 14. This annular metallic piece 45 may extend radially as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1, and upon applying the vcup or casing 40 the margin of the annular piece 45 is turned at 46 over the adjacent end of the casing 40, and it may be soldered or otherwise suitably secured thereto at 60.

The central core 10 serves as one of the condenser terminals and a binding or terminal screw 50 may be threaded into the internally bored and threaded end 12. The shankv of this screw may be provided with a split or spring washer 52.

The conducting windin which is connected electrically with tile central core 10 is insulated at 'its opposite end from the cup 40, and the conducting winding 21 may be connected electrically with the metallic cup 40, as by means of a pair of suitable terminals or leads 53.

The terminals or leads 53, 53 comprise relatively thin copper or other suitable conducting strips, laid inicontact with the foil strip or layer 21 in winding the condenser of the condenser as they are wound in lace. The inner or anchored ends of the lea s 53, 53 are laid between the conducting layer 21 and the .adjacent insulating layer 22, either between the same turns or convolutions ing or flattening the opposite ends of the and bound in place by the successive turnsA thereof or one inwardly with reference to the radius of the condenser as shown in Fig. 6.

To improve the attachment of the leads 53, 53, the anchored ends may be hooked at D 55, 55 (Fig. 6). The hooking of the ends '70 55, 55 disposes these ends out of continuity with the leads and, as the condenser wrappings are applied, the hooked ends 55 are wound partially about the foil strip 21 with which they are in contact. This increases the binding action upon these ends and disposes some of the bindingaction at least out of the direct line of pull oroutward displacement of the leads, tying and binding the inner anchored ends of the leads more effectively against being accidentally pulled out or displaced than where the anchored ends are merely straight continuations of the terminal leads or strips.

The outer projecting ends'of the leads 53, 53 project from-the end of the condenser and may be grounded through the metal cup 40. The connection of the project-ing ends of the leads 53 with the cup 40 may be provided by soldering these ends to the metallic piece 45 before turning it marginally over the open end of the cup 40, and when said piece 45 is turned marginally over the open end of the cup 40 and soldered at 60 thereto, the strip 21 is connected through the leads 53, 53 with the cup 40 which serves as one of the condenser terminals and may, for example, be connected to ground.

The outer end of the core 10 serves as the other terminal and, obviously, the manner of connecting the projecting ends of the strip 20 together and to the core 10, and the opposite projecting ends of the strip 21 together and to the cup 40, permits the current to flow axially 1n the cylinder of the condenser so that it will not have to flow in a circular direction and there will, consequently, be little or practically no induction caused by the current.

The condenser is weather-proof and the structure and method of making up or producing the same are simple, economical and ex editions.

claim 1. In a condenser, the combination of a 116 metallic core, a pair of conducting strips wound upon said core with interposed layers of insulation between them and with one strip connected with said core, a terminal connection at one end of said core, the op- 120 lis lposite end of said core having connection with the edges of the turns of said conducting strip at one end, a surrounding casing, and means connecting the turns of the other conducting strip with said casing at the opposite end.

2. In a condenser, the'combination of a metallic core, a pair of conducting strips wound upon said core with interposed layers of insulation between them and with one 13(` strip connected with said core, a terminal connection at one end of said core, the opposite end of said corehaving connection with the edges of the turns of said conducting strip at one end, a surrounding casing, means connecting the turns of the other conducting strip with said casing at the opposite end, said casing comprising a metallic cup closed at one end and open at the opposite end, and an insulating end piece on the core and closing the open end of said cup.

3. In a condenser, the combination of a metallic core, a pair of conducting strips wound upon said core with interposed layers of insulation between them and with one strip connected with said core, a surrounding casing comprising a metallic cup closed at one end and open at the opposite end,

' an insulating end piece moulded upon said core and closing the open end of said cup, the inner end of said core having connection with the edges of the turns of said conducting strip, the other conducting strip having the edges of its turns connected together at the opposite end and having connection wtih said cup.

' 4. In a condenser, the combination of a metallic core, a pair of conducting strips wound upon said core with interposed layers of insulation between them and with one strip connected with said core, a surrounding casing comprising a metallic cup closed at one end and open at the opposite end, an insulating end piece moulded upon the core for the open end of the cup, and an annular metallic piece moulded in said end piece ,and turned marginally over the adjacent end of the casing.

5. In combination, a condenser having a metallic core, a casing enclosing said condenser, an insulating end piece for said casing, said end piece being moulded upon said core, and an annular metallic piece moulded in said end piece and turned marginally over the adjacent end of the casing.

6. In combination, a condenser having a metallic core, a casing enclosing said condenser and provided with an open end, and an insulating end piece moulded upon said core and closing the open end of said casing.

7 In a condenser having conducting and insulating layers wound into cylindrical form, the combination of a lead having a hooked end laid between the windings of the condenser and connected with a conducting layer of the condenser.

8. In a condenser, the combination of a metallic core having a recess near one end, a pair of conducting strips with interposed layers of insulation between them wound upon said core and partially over said recess, and an insulating end piece moulded upon said core and into said recess.

9. In a condenser, the combination of a metallic core having a recess near one end,

a pair of conducting strips with interposed layers of insulation between them wound upon said core and partially over said recess, an insulating end piece moulded upon said core and into said recess, a metallic piece moulded in said end piece, one of said conducting strips having connection with said core and the other conducting strip having connection with said metallic piece.

In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name this 27th day of October, 1927.

CLARENCE RINGWALD.

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