US1890224A - Chain link wire fabric - Google Patents

Description

Dec. 6, 1932. v LA 1,890,224

CHAIN LINK WIRE FABRI 0 Filed June 16. 1950 4 Sheets-Sheet l Inven Patented Dec. 6, 1932 PATENT FFHCE ARTHUR A. G. LAND, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS CHAIN LINK WIRE FABRIC Application filed June 16, 1930. Serial No. 461,276.

My invention relates to chain-link wire fabrics, namely fabrics formed of flattened spi ral strands (or socalled zigzag wires) which extend transversely of the fabrics and in which the consecutive strands are intertwined to interlock their bights, so that the interlocked bights of consecutive strands afford hinging connections which permit the fabric to be rolled up.

enerally speaking, the objects of my in vention are those of providing wire fabrics of this class which will require less wire and less cost for the interweaving of the strands in a fabric of given area for producing the 5 same object-excluding effect; which will increase the longitudinal strength of the fabrics, particularly when formed to present meshes of relatively large height (transversely of the fabric) in proportion to the 0 width of the meshes (longitudinally of the fabric) and which will afford a large vari ety of ornamental effects not obtainable with the chain-link fabric constructions heretofore employed.

Chainlink wire fabrics have long been popular for many classes of fences and grilles, both because they are easily and cheaply manufactured, because they can readily be rolled up for storage and shipment even when made of heavy and stiff wire, because they can easily be spliced to one another without employing auxiliary wire and without havingthe joints Show, and because any desired length of the fabric can easily and quickly be severed from a roll of such fabric.

However, the commercial chain-link fabric has each of its strands formed to afford meshes of a so-called diamond shape, with the sides of the meshes at acute angles to the axes of the strands. Consequently, a longi tudinal tensioning of such a fabric tends to spread the meshes lengthwise of the fabric and to contract them transversely of the fabric. 1

For this reason, it has not been feasible with chaindink wire fabrics to employ meshes of greater height than width in upright fabo rics used for excluding objects of more than a given minimum size (as for example in fences for tennis courts). With vertically elongated diamond-shaped meshes, such a fence cannot be tensioned horizontally between posts of ordinary spacing without spreading the meshes widely horizontally; and if the diamond meshes were elongated horizontally, the fence could not be rolled compactly for shipment and would readily be distorted in shape by any one trying to climb it.

Consequently, it has heretofore been nee essary to construct chain-link tennis-court fences with meshes of equal height and width not much greater than the diameter of a ten nis ball. And to permit the needed tensioir ing of the fence, it has been necessary either to provide upper and lower bars between which the fabric is stretched also, or to use a much heavier wire than would be required I for affording the needed resistance of the fabric to strains at right angles to the genera] plane of the fabric. As the result, the number of constituent strands for a given area of fab ric, the total weight of the fabric, and the cost of intertwining the constituent strands have all been much higher than they would be if the fabric had elongated meshes of the same effective width.

Chain-link wire fabrics with such diagonally disposed square meshes also have the disadvantage that they are too plain in appearance for many purposes, as for example for fences around gardens, or for grilles on otherwise handsome buildings. For these reasons, fabrics of different and more expensive construction have been requireo whenever either a high longitudinal tensionability or an ornamental appearance was desired.

My present invention aims to overcome all of the above limitations of the so-called'diamond-mesh (or diagonally disposed square Cit 'mesh) chain-link wire fabrics, in which each strand presents interloclr'ng bights alternately at opposite sides of the strand and in which the height of the meshes is l mited for commercial uses to the same length as the lateral width of the meshes, and in which each mesh presents a total of four interlocking bights.

More particularly, my invention aims to zag spiral -strands,

provide upright chain-link wire fabrics also composed of consecutively intertwistedazigbut including meshes siX' bights interlockedheightof tlie meshes to be increased greatly V without altering the object-excluding eifec- .t-iveness of the meshes.

Furthermore, my invention aims to provide. constituent upright strands for upright chain-link wire fabrics, which strands of a flattened zigzag spiral type can readily be formed to afford widevariations both in the relative length and width, and in the contour ofthe resulting meshes, so as toproduce ornamental fabricshof widely varying appearance; and which will alsopermit such fabrics to withstand a much more severe longitudinal tensioning than has been permissible with chain-link wire fabrics of the diamond-mesh type as heretofore employed.

My invention also aims to provide constituent zigzag strands for. upright chain-link wire fabrics which, when consecutively spirally intertwined will afford meshes each having more than two pairs ofinterlocking bights and other meshes having only two interlocking bights, therebyfurther enhancing'the. ornamental appearance of the fabric and also (in some fabrics) allowingme to secure a greater resistance of the fabricto longitudinal tensioning by increasing the height of thetwo-bight meshes inproportion to that of the meshes whichhave more than two pairs of interlocking bights.

Moreover, my invention aims to provide chain-link fabrics presenting both two-bight meshes and multi-pair bight meshes, which fabrics may be constructediwithequal facility to present the multi-pair bight meshes in rows extending transversely of the fabric,

or to have the multi-pair bight meshes in staggered dispositions.

Still further and also more detailed objects will appear from the following speciiication and from the accompanying drawings,.in which v t Fig. 1 is an elevation of a fragment of a chain-link wire fabric embodying my inventions, with circles showing themaximum s ze of balls which will pass through the meshes of the fabric. v r I Fig. 2 is an elevation of one .of the constituent strands of the fabric portion of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a side elevation of theupper part of the same, strand portion, taken from the right-hand sideofFig. 2.... I

i is a side elevation of an alternative strand formation for strands producing the meshes of Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is a plan View of the strand'poi'tion 1ofFig.2.

1 Fig. 6 is an elevation of a'fragment of an ordinary chain-link wire fabric formed for the same ball-excluding effect as the fabric of Fig. 1.

Fig. 7 is an elevation of a portion of a chain-link wire fabric of the ordinary type, with the strands formed to afiord the same height and spread of mesh as the major' v:

meshes; in'the fabric of Fig. 1, also showing the maximum size of ball which will pass through the resulting mesh.

1 Fig. 8 is an elevation of a portion of an ordinary chain-link wire fabric presenting a mesh ofthe same spread as that of Fig.- 7 (or of the major meshes in Fig. 1), and with the height of the mesh equal to its width also showing the maximum size of ball whichwill pass through this mesh, and the comparative size of the maximum ball which will pass Ehrough any of the meshes of the fabric of 1g. 1. "Fig. 9is an elevation of a portion .of chainlink fabric of the ordinary type, with the same height of mesh as the mesh of Fig. 7 (or the major meshes in Fig. 1) and the sameobject excluding efiect as the meshes in Fig... 1 or Fig. 6,. r

Fig. 10 is a diagrammatic view of a larger part of a fabric formed by the strands of Figsi and 2, drawn on a smaller scale, showing. the relative dispositions of the major;

(multi-bight) meshes and of the secondary ly one in which the constituent strandsare.

formed to present three types of meshes, namely: siX-bight major meshes, two-bight secondary meshes, and four-bight intermediate meshes. 12 is an enlargement of a portion of Fig. 11.

Fig. 13 is a side elevation of one of the conitlituent strands of the fabric portion of Fig. 14 is a similar side elevation, showing an alternative strand formation. V Fig. 15 is a diagrammatic elevation of a portion of a fabric which includes rightangled secondary meshes as well as rightangled .meshes interposed between rows of- ,ma or meshes. V Fig. 16 diagrammatically shows a portion of a fabric in which all meshes present oblique angles between their side-forming portions; andFig. 17 shows a combination of oblique angles in the major and secondary meshes, and with right-angled interposed and edge meshes.

Fig. 18 diagrammatically shows a portion .of a fabric similar to that of Fig. 17, but with in which part of the strands are formed to produce major and secondary meshes similar to those in Fig. 18 and also square-angled meshes, and in which an end one of these strands is interwoven with an ordinary type of chain-link strand.

Fig. is an elevation of a fabric embodying my invention, in which the strands are formed to present major meshes having eight bights, and Fig. 21 is an elevation of a corresponding fabric with six-bight meshes.

Figs. 22 and 23 are diagrammatic elevations of portions of fabrics in which auxiliary bends in the strands are disposed for increasing the object-excluding effectiveness of the meshes.

Figs. and are diagrammatic elevations of portions of fabrics having the ends of adjacent major meshes formed by strand portions which aline longitudinally of the fabric so as to permit an increased longitudinal tensioning of the fabric.

ll ith the now commercial chain-link wire fabrics, each constituent flattened spiral strand is of a simple zigzag formation in elevation and presents bights (for interlocking respectively with bights of the adjacent strands) alternately at opposite edges of the strand, as shown in Fig. 6, each two consecutive bights l and 2 in the strand being connected by a straight leg 3 extending oblique to the axis A. of the strand.

In the fabric formed by consecutively intertwining such strands, each mesh is formed by four such legs and has four mesh-corner bights, and the maximum size of ball B which will pass through the mesh is considerably greater than the width of each strand. When the meshes are square-angled (as in Fig. 6) according to the usual practice, the number of strands for a given length of fabric (or horizontally in Fig. 6) designed for excluding objects of a given minimum size is undesirably large, thereby requiring much more wire'than is usually needed for resisting strains at right angles to the general plane of the fabric. So also, the short height of the meshes (equal to their spread) requires each strand to be spirally rotated a large number of times through the strand with which it is being intertwined, thereby undesirably increasing the cost of assembling the fabric.

Elongating the meshes longitudinally of the strandsas in Fig. 9reduces the rotations required for the spiral intertwining, but the mesh sides (or strand legs) are then at so large acute angles to the direction of a fabric tensioning pull P that such a fabric will not stand stretching (as between fence posts) unless the wire is of larger diameter (and hence heavier and more expensive) than that required for the right-angled meshes of Fig. 6. On the other hand. an enlarging of the mesh both longitudinally (or vertically in Fig. 6) and transversely of the axis of the strand, after the manner shown in Fig. 8, greatly increases the minimum size of ball B which will then pass through the mesh.

In my here-presented fabrics, I overcome these objections by employing strands in grammatically in Fig. 10), this being composed of flattened spiral strands of zigzag formation, as shown in front elevation in Fig. 2 and in side elevation in Fig. 3, each two consecutive strands being relatively laterally reversed in the assembled fabric. In each of these strands of Fig. 2 the'forination of the strand section S is continuously repeated. This formation includes a bight 4; at the right-hand edge of the strand, a strand leg 5 leading from t 1e big it i to a bight 6 at the left-hand edge of the strand, a U-shaped strand portion 7 connecting the bight 6 with another bight 8 at the left-hand edge of the strand and having its major portion disposed between the line Lv (along which all (if the bights at the left-hand edge of the strand aline) and the line it along which all of the bights at the right-hand edge of the strand aline.

Continuing down the strand section S in Fig. 2, the bight 8 is connected by a strand leg 9 to a bight 10 at the right-hand edge of the strand, which bight 10 is at the same height H from the bight 8 (or distance parallel to the alining lines L and R) asthe distance in the same direction between the bights 4 and 6, so that the strand legs 5 and 9 are of equal effective length but at opposite inclinations to either of the said alining lines. Then the bight 10 is connected to the next bight 11 at the same (or right-hand) edge of the strand by a U-shaped strand part comprising two end portions 12 A and 12 B extending toward the line L connecting the bights at the other edge of the strand, and an intermediate portion 12 extending parallel to the general strand axis A, this portion 12 being desirably approximately midway between the said bight-connecting lines L and R.

The three bights 4;, 10 and 11 at the righthand side edge of the strand of Fig. 2 are 1n alinement as shown by the line B, also the three bights on the left-hand side edge of the strand, bights 6, 8 and the lower bight 8 are in alinement as shown by the line L. Moreover, Fig. 2 shows that the bights 6 and 8 at the left-hand edge of the strand are disposed (longitudinally of the strand) between the bights 4 and 10 at the right-hand ill edge of the strand, the distance between the bights 6 and 8 being less than that between the bights 4L and 10. .The portions of the wires which form the side edge bights (such as the bights-4, 6, 8 and of Fig.2) are disthe strand make this a zigzag strand in elevation, as shown in Fig. 2; while the above recited alining of the bights at each edge makes the upper bights conceal those below it in a plan view of the flattened spiral strand, as shownin Fig. 5.-

When such strands are consecutively intertwined, as in Fig. 1, the .strand portion between the bights 4; and 10 forms one-half of the outline of a six-bight major mesh M which has these bights respectively at its upper and lower corners; and the strand portion between the bights 6 and 8 also forms onehalf of the outline of a rectangular secondary mesh having only two bight corners, namely at the middle of its upper and lower sides respectively.

The lower mesh side 9 of each major mesh M also forms the upper mesh side of a counterpart mesh M which has one lateral half of its contour formed partly by the strand portion between the bights'8 and 11 (111 Fig. 2)

and partly by the upper strand leg portion 5 A in the next strand section following the said section S. This counterpart major mesh M is offset longitudinally of the fabric from the mesh M by half the width of each of these meshes, and the next U shaped strand part (which comprises the portions 12, 12 A and 12 B) also forms half of the outline ofa rectangular two-bight mesh S which alines axially with the mesh M and which is a counterpart of the mesh S.

To allow such strands to be intertwined,

' the spacings D (Fig. 1) between those bights be varied freely.

at each edge of the strand which are to form the opposite ends of the six-bightmain meshes must be equal, and the spacings H must also be equal so that the spacing K betweenthe two bights at either side of each minor mesh S will likewise be equal. However, the proportions between the spacings H and K can The direction of the two portions which form consecutive parts of aside of a major mesh can also be varied, thereby varying the angles at which these extendwith respect to the general axis A of the strand. "For example, while Fig. l'shows the strand portion 5 as oblique to this axis and the portion 7 A at right angles to thesame axis, Fig. 24 shows the extreme end portion 5 as at right angles to the general axis of the strand and shows the adjacent strand portion 7 A as oblique to this'axis. j j

The distance T (Fig. 1) by which the ma or part of each strand portion 7 and 12 is offset (from the two bights connected-by it) toward the other edge of the strand, can also be varied, but is preferably uniform throughout the strand so as to afford minor meshes of uniform spread. For a high object-exclud 4 mesh of Fig. 9, and while the object-excluding effect is also equal, the efiective spread W of the major meshes in Fig. 1 is nearly double that of spread W of the mesh of Fig. 9. Consequently, the total number of strands required for a given length of the fabric will be much less forthe fabric of Fig. 1 than for that of Fig. 9, thereby greatly reducing the cost. Furthermore, since each of the legs 5 and 9 of a major meshM in Fig. 1 extends at a much smaller angle to the horizontal (or tensioning pull direction) than each of the legs 14 of the mesh of Fig. 9, the fabric of Fig. 1 will resist a much greater longitudinal tensioning than a fabric with the meshes of 9, so that a smaller diametered wire will suffice for the fabric of Fig. 1 than would be required for the fabric of Fig. 9, thus effecting a further reduction in both the initial cost and the shipping expense as compared with a fabric having the meshes of Fig. 9.

To insure a ready intertwining, all bights ineach strand are spiraled in the same direction, as shown in Fig. 1, and the strand portions between the consecutive bights are 'formed to allow for the spiral intertwining. To allow for this, the entire portion 7 may extend at an angle from the general. plane of the fabric, as in Fig. 3. Or, this strand pori be evident from Fig. 10 that the siX-bight ma or meshes M are disposed in rows extending longitudinally of thefabric; also, that the major meshes in adjacent rows are offset from each other longitudinally of the fabric, and that the fabric consists entirely of such major meshes M and the interposed secondary meshes S. However, the general objects of my invention can also be accomplished with other relative dispositions of these major and secondary meshes, and also with the inclusion of auxiliary four-bight meshes. I So also, the

shape of both sets of meshes can be variedin shape from the or meshes M in Fig. 1

greatly by altering the directions in which the legs 5, 7 A, 7 B and 9 extend.

For example, Figs. 11 and 12 show fragments of another embodiment in which each horizontal row of major meshes merely differs due to differences in the angles at which the legs 5, 7 A, 7 B and 9 extend. In addition to this diflerence, each major mesh M in the upper row alines vertically (or transversely of the fabric) with a major mesh M in the next row of such meshes. This I accomplish by interposing an additional short leg 9 A between each lower side leg 9 of a mesh M and the next short strand portion 7 A, instead of connecting the leg 9 direct to a strand portion 7 A as in Fig. 1.

As the result of this change in the strands, the major meshes in the two upper rows are in vertical alinement, and an auxiliary longitudinal row of intermediate four-bight meshes I is interposed between the upper row of major meshes M and the next row of major meshes M This can be done with the strands of Figs. 13 and 14, it being only necessary to form the bights so that each will extend substantially through an arc of 180 degrees in plan view (as in Fig. 5) and so that the spiraling is continuously in the same direction.

Fig. 11 also shows that the interposing of such additional four-bight meshes I need not be repeated between every two longitudinal rows of major meshes in the fabric, as the major meshes M and M are in the same staggered relation as the major meshes in any two adjacent horizontal rows in Fig. 1. This ability to vary the relative position of the major meshes in adjacent longitudinal rows, and to include auxiliary meshes I in the same fabric, permits me to provide a wide variety of fabric formations even with the same shape of the major meshes, thereby enabling me to produce a large variety of ornamental effects and also to introduce the auxiliary meshes where they will be most effective for increasing the strength of the fabric.

On the other hand, the upper and lower end portions of the meshes may be shortened in proportion to the total height of the mesh, as shown to some extent by a comparison of Fig. '10 with Fig. 11. Indeed, the meshes in my fabric may even be such as to have the heights D and K in Figs. 1 and 2 substantially equal; so that the portions of consecutive strands which together form an end of a major mesh will aline with each other transversely of the axes of the strands, or longitudinally of the fabric.

By thus arranging the strand formations, I can readily obtain meshes of shapes not heretofore obtainable in chain-link wire fabrics, such as those shown diagrammatically in Figs. 24 and 25. In each of these fabrics the mesh-end strand portions aline forming meshes of these shapes will stand severe tensioning even when the meshes are tall in proportion to their width and when the strands are of lighter wires than that commonly employed.

Moreover, my invention does not require the secondary meshes to have mesh-side portions extending parallel to the general axes of the strands (or vertical in the herepresented drawings) after the manner of Figs. 1, 10, 11 and 12; nor does it require each half of a secondary mesh to consist of three portions which extend consecutively in different directions after the manner of the portions7 A, 7 and 7 B of a mesh S in Fig. 12. For example, Fig. 16 shows a fabric with the major meshes M and the secondary meshes S arranged after the general manner of Figs.

1 and 10, but with the strands so formed that that of the upper half of Fig. 11, but with square-shaped secondary meshes S and with square intermediate meshes I of larger size than these secondary meshes.

Fig. 17 shows a mesh arrangement partly allied to that of Fig. 11, but with square intermediate meshes I, a similar row of meshes I at the upper edge of the fabric, and relatively narrower parallelogram shaped meshes S. Fig. 18 shows a fabric comprising rows of square meshes I, alternating with rows consisting of major meshes M which are of the same shape as those of Figs. 11 and 12 and each two of which meshes have a secondary mesh S interposed between them.

However, the strand formations by which I obtain secondary meshes interposed between consecutive major meshes in each row of the major meshes which extends longitudinally' of the fabric (or horizontally in the presented drawings) need not be continued for the entire length of the strands. Instead I may provide corresponding portions of the intertwined strands with formations designed for forming founsided meshes, and with suitable spacings of the bights in adjacent strands, I can also intertwine such variationally formed strands with strands of the ordinary chainlink type used for providing square-shaped meshes.

For example, Fig. 19 shows a portion of a fabric in which the first five upright strands 16 (counting from the left-hand edge) are formed so that each two thereof will form one of the previously described arrangements of major and secondary meshes between the upper parts of the strands, while the lower strand portions will border square meshes C.

The same figure also shows'a strand 1'?- intertwined with the numbered strand l6andtwo other consecutive strands of the same (so- "called diamond mesh) formation, for prefabric is used in its commonly accepted trade significance, meaning a wire fabric. composed of preformed flattened spiral wires senting upright rows of square meshes along the right-hand edge of the fabric. a

By thususing strands of two different formations, I obtain meshes O and Pof mongrel efi cct of the square meshes when bordering an arrangement of my ma or and secondary meshes, particularly when the last-named meshes in themselves form an attractive pattern as shown in Fig. 21.

Moreover, while I have heretofore described my invention in connectionwith six; bight meshes formed by disposingtwo consecutive bights of each strand at the opposite edge of the zigzag strand from two strand bights between which'they are interposed, I do not wish to be l mited in this respect, as thesaid interposed bights may be more than 1 two in number.

For example, shows a" fragment of a fabric embodying my invention and with the major meshes disposed after the manner of Figs. 16 or 21, but with each major mesh R having eight interlocking bights, and with two secondary meshes S between each two adjacentmajor meshes in the same row lon gitudinally of the fabric. -By thus interlinking the adjacent sides of two such adjacent major meshes R at an auxiliary bight 17 disposed between the bights 18 and 19, I avoid'an undue yielding of the strand parts connecting these bights 18 and 19, thereby allowing me to provide taller meshes than would otherwise be permissible with a given grade and size of wire.

However, while I have heretofore? described embodiments in which all mesh-side portions are substantially straight, I do not. wish to be limited in this respect, since curved strand portions may also be employed both for. varying the ornamental appearance and for enhancing the object-excluding effectiveness of my fabric.

shows how curved portions of the constituent do not wish to be lim ted as to its use. do I wish to be limited to the here-disclosed strands cause themeshes to pass balls of the maximum size of the ball B only, as against the size of ball B which would pass through the upper part of-one of the major meshes if the curves in this upper part'were omitted as indicated by the dotted l nes adjacent to the ball B Fig. 23 also shows the relatively small maximum size of ball B wh ch will pass through one of my fabrics when a somef what similar arrangement ofcurv-ed strand portions is employed for forming meshes d1f fer-ing in shape from those of Fig. 22.

So also, while my here-presented fabric is particularly suitable for fences or grilles. I

Nor

For example, Fig. 22

1,'seo,224

details, since many jchanges be made? without departing either'from the spirit of myinvention or from the appended claims.

In the claims, the term chain link wire consecutively spirally twined through. one

another so that each two consecutive wires (or so called strands) interlock directly Witheach other; as distinguished from so called woven wire fabrics formed by twisting parts of straight wires repeatedly around one a nother and by bending portions of the wires between such intertwisted parts. Likewise,

the term spiral strand is used inthe claims.

' strands of zigzag formation in elevation, each n strand presenting. a row'of. alined bights at strand, the said formations presenting porf each longitudinal edge of the zigzagged tions in which two consecutive bights at one.

edge of the strand are'disposed between two bights at the other edge of the strand, s0 that two consecutive strandsborder meshes presenting six interlocked'bights. A chain-link type of wire prising consecutively intertwined .spiral strands of zigzag formation inelevation, each strand presenting a row of alined. bights at eachlongitudinal edge of the zigzagged strand, the said formations presenting por-f tionsin which pluralities .of consecutive;

bights at oneedge of the strand aredisposed between two consecutive bights at the other" edge of. the strand, so that two consecutive strands border meshes presenting not less. than three pairs of interlocked bights and also meshes presenting only two interlocked bights. V

3. A chain-link type of wire fabriccomprising consecutively intertwined spiral'and axially coparallel strands having a zigzag formation in elevation'andpresentinga row of alined bights at each edge of the strand, which bights in adjacent strands are interlocked; the z gzag formation presenting porfabric comtions in which pluralities of consecutive bights are disposed at one edge of the strand between two consecutive bights at the other edge of the strand; whereby the intertwined strands form meshes, including major meshes each having a plurality of pairs of laterally opposed mesh-side b ghts interposed between mesh end bights, and secondary meshes each of which has two end bights but no side bights,

143A chain link type of wire'fabric as per claim 3; in which the said pluralities of consecutive bights are consecutively disposed at alternate sides of the strand, whereby the fabric presents major meshes disposed alter nately in adjacent mesh rows extending parallel to the axes of the strands, each two such major meshes having a mesh side in common.

5. A chain link type of wire fabric as per claim 3, in which the constituent strands include strand parts in which the said pluralities of consecutive bights are all disposed at the same edge of the strand, whereby the fabric presents major meshes disposed in rows extending both parallel to the axes of the strands and at right angles to the said axes.

6. A chain-link wire fabric comprising counterpart and consecutively spirally intertwined strands extending transversely of the fabric; each strand being of a Zigzag formation presenting at each edge of the strand a series of bights interlocked with counterpart bights in an adjacent strand and alining transversely of the fabric; the bights at each edge of the strand comprising bights alternately spaced longitudinally of the strand by relatively long and relatively short distances, and the strand portions between the bights of relatively short spacing being offset from the said bights part way toward the other edge of the strand; whereby the portions of each strand between two of the relatively long-spaced bights form one half of a mesh at one side of that strand, and the portion of each strand between two of the relatively short-spaced bights form one half of a mesh at the other side of the strand.

7. A strand for a chain-link wire fabric, comprising a wire formed into a zigzag flattened spiral constituting a Zigzag strand which presents bights at each longitudinal edge of the strand; the strand being formed to dispose pluralities of consecutive bights in the strand at each edge of the strand between two consecutive bights at the other edge of the strand; the portions of the wire which form the bights being so disposed that the wire is continuously spiralled in the same direction.

8. A strand for a chain-link wire fabric, comprising a wire formed into a flattened spiral and presenting bights alining respectively at ch longitudinal edge of the strand, the strand being formed so as to dispose pluralities of consecutive bights in the strand at one edge of the strand between two con secutive bights at the other edge of the strand; the portions of the wire which form the bights being so disposed that the wire is continuously spiralled in the same direction.

Signed at Chicago, Illinois, June 13th,

ARTHUR A. G. LAND.

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