US1883380A - Boiler - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 18, 1932. H. .1. KERR ET AL 1,383,380

BOILER Filed Nov. 15, 1928 4 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTORS WxJ/ Oct. 18, 1932. R ET AL 1,883,380

BOILER Filed NOV. 13, 1928 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVEN CR5.

ATTORNEYS- Oct. 18, 1932. H. J. KERR ET AL BOILER Filed Nov. 13, 1928 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 w ml rm \m INVENTORS 1 BY 4% 7 Ma ATTORNEYS.

Oct. 18, 1932. H. J. KERR ET AL 1,883,330

BOILER Filed Nov. 15, 1928 I 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 M a WMATTOQEY. V

- -on the line 1-1 of Fig. 2.

- Patented 1a, 1932 Y tion, when read in connection wit the an-' 'tion and referring thereto;

umran s'rArss PATENT o en HOWARD J. KERR, OF WESTIIIELD, AND CHARLES U. SAVOYI, OI nacmsacx, :nw

man, ABSIGNOBS 'IO TEE BABCOCK & WILOOI 001mm, 01' m JERSEY, A COBPOBATIGN Ol' 3mm! Application lied Iovember 18,1988. lerial Io. 810,0.

v This invention relates to an im roved form of boiler, the novel features of w ich will be best understood from the followin descrip- -nexed drawings. Inthese drawings, we have shown selected embodiments of the inven- Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional view through a boiler of the Rust type having our invention embodied therein, this view being taken I Fig. 2 is a section on the line 22 of Fig. 1. Figs. 3 and 4 are views corresponding to Figs. 1 and 2 respectively, but showing a modification of the invention disclosed in said Figs. 1 and 2.

Fi 5 is a view corresponding to Fig. 1, but 8 owing the invention as applied to a boiler of the stirlingwt pe.

Fig. 6 is a section on t e line 6-6 of Fig.5.

7 is a section on the line 7-7 of Fig. 5.

0 Fig. 8 is a. diagrammatic view correspond- 1ni tolFigs. 1 and 3.

ig. 9 is a diagrammatic view correspondingo Fig. 5. I

ferrmg first to Figs. -1 and 2, wherein the invention is shown as applied to a boiler of the Rust t pe, the numeral 1 designates a combustion c amber of a furnace having a source of heat therein, this source being indicatedin this instanceaby a grate 2. The gases from the combustion chamber flow first upwardly through a first pass 3 in which is a bank of tubes 4 connectmg'a lower water drum 5 with an u per steam and water drum 6. At the top 0 the first ass 3 the gases pass over the top of the ba e 7 and.downwardly through a second pass 8, in which is a second bank of tubes 9 connecting a lower water drum 10 to an upger steam and water drum 11. The gases t en pass outwardly through the flue 12. The water drums 5 and 10 are connected his. plurality of water circulators 13, here s own as four in number, while the steam and water drums are connected by steam circulators 14 and water circulators 15, and baflle wall tubes 16 are also provided in each of the gas passes 3 and 8. A suitable gauge glass 17 is provided and this glass is shown as connected to the front two con steam and water drum 6. The rear steam and water drum 11 is. provided with the usual steam outlet 18, and the water inlet 19 is adapted to dischar e the feed water back of the drum baflie 20. en the boiler is not 0 crating the pressure above the water is e same in both drums, and the waterlevels are also the same.

The hot 7 will cause'a circulation in the boiler somewhat like that indicated by the arrows in Fig. 1, although it is to be understood that these arrows aremerely indicative of the the fluid in the ller, and are not. intended to be limiting in any wa The bank of tubes 4 is sub ected to the ottest ases and normally this will cause to generated therein, and this in turn causes an n ward flow of'the fluid in the tubes 4, this fluid bein replaced by fluid coming through the circ ators 13 from the drum 10 and the tubes 9. Some of this fluid is water from the drum 6 flowing through tubes 15 to the drum 11, and some of it IS feed water supplied to the drum 11. p

The fluid in the tubes 4 will normally be a mixture of'steam and water of less average ggneral trend of the flow of density than that in the tubes 9, because ofa larger ratio of steam to water, and the corrective measure were ap lied. Moreover,

the rising water inthe tu s 4 contains a large percents of steam bubbles which, if rmitted to risethrough the water in the rum 6 and escape from its free surface,-

would burst in the steam space of the drum 6 and s atter. water drops upward. These sitions together result in there being sufiicient water suspended in the steam above the water in the drum 6, so that there is daner of more of it being carried over through t e steam circulators 14 to the rear drum 11, than can be separated there. and so making the steam leavin exit nozzle 18 too wet. In this connection e fact that the mixture of steam and water in" the tubes 4 and drum 6 is of relatively low density, will cause the water level in the drum 6 to s'dbstantially higher than that indicated on the water glass 17 and the level in the rear drum lower than that in the. front drum, even if the steam circulators 14 are large enough to substan.

ti'ally ualize steam pressures in the two en there is no steam mixed with the water in tubes 9, the fluid will be of maximum density and thelevel in reardrum 11' will be lowerthan in front drum'6 to a maximum degree and this contributes to dis charge of dry steam from the nozzle 18 on the rear drum; If steam bubbles are car-.

- 'ried by the water from drum 6Vto drum 11 through than can escape in drum 11, then steambub; bles will flow down tubes 9 and decrease T 7 tion.

towards the circulators 15 in a volume greater the density of the fluid in them with the effeet that the water level will rise in drum 11 under the steam nozzle, and ma rise I enough to result inwater being lifte from the surface and discharged with the steam from nozzle 18. This is dangerous and is avoided by the construction of this inven- The diagrammatic showin in Fig.8 infat 21, which is only slightly higher than the levelindicated at 22 in the gauge glass 17, whereas the actual water level inthe drum 6 may :easily reach the level indicated at'23 with the same *water glass indication, and at which level,

obviously, there is reat danger of water being carried over ough the circulators 14 into the rear drum and also steam through water circulators 15, unless our invention e applied. The normal water level in the rear drum is indicated at 24, and the actual level when the boiler isin operation is represented I bynthe line 25, indicating a relative level 4o w ch the water may take. If a suflicient amount of water is carried over throu h-the steam circulators and steambubbles wi th the water through the water circulators, water is of a high concentration ofsolids so as to foam easil the level in the rear drum 11 ma be eas y raised to such a point as to cause the water to be carried off through the steam outlet 18, this result being termed ,primin lHere again the water glass o; gauge g as evel may give an improper 1n cationof the level in the two drums.

To overcome this riming condition, we have arranged a' b e 26 belowthe water level in the front drum across the ends of the tubes 4 and referabl inclined upwardont of t e drum, as shown In Fig. 1. The rear or lower end of the baffle is spaced slightly from the rear wall .of the drum and is preferably disposed below the water circulators 15. The front or u gnedge of the baflle is also spaced from e t wall of the drum. This arran emen't forms an interruption-of the-flow o steam land water coming upwardly-into the g ratedfrom the steam whi ter circulators,

which is most likely when the b "the water drums over and 13 will be that of Figs. 1

er shown in Figs. 3 an 4 isml u ward and orward away from the water amfsteam circulators. Thefront edge of thebaflie is disposed beneath vthe 'water line and the result is to prevent flowing of the water upwardly into the steam space b the velocit of the {fluid coming into the drum from t e tubes andthehigh velocity emergence from the free water surface. d a he above constitutes one theory according to which we can explain the improved results obtained by this baflie arrangement, but we do not intend to limit ourselves in an way. to that particular theory. n'the rear drum we have placed a large baflle 27 with its upper edge adjacent the wall of the drum above the steam circulators 14, and with its lower edge disposed remote from the mouth of the circulators and adjacent the water level in the drum. By this arrangement, water which may still be carried over in the steam circulators is sepach has to as around the ends or thelowe'r edge 0 the baflle 27. 1

We havefound that priming is still further reduced by restricting the area of the water circulators '15 without correspondin re-' striction of the steam circulators 14. hat is, thesteam circulators are of suflicient flow area. to preserve substantially equal 7 ressures in the drums and ll. In the orm shown in Figs. -1 an 2, we have indicated seventeen steam circulators and fourteen wathese circulators" being of approximately equal diameters so as to give approximately equal flow area for each circulator. That is, m the embodiment shown, the

. ratio of flow areas in steam circulators to that of water circulators will be 17: 14.

We also found that results were greatly improved by materiall reducing the numr of connections 13 o a given size between i the number usually employed. In the form shown in Figs. 1 and 2, we have indicated four of these connectrons or circulators, these circulators each being of substantially the same flow area as thecirculators 14 and 15, so that the ratio between flow areas of the circulators 14, 15

a proximately 17 :14:4. In the form -sliown in'Figs. 3 and 4, the "construction is substantially identical with and 2, except that here the circulators 13' are eater innumber than in Figs. 1 and 2.- In t is. arrangement the-ratio of circulators 14, 15 and 13' is approximately 17 :14: 9. 'The princi al arts of the boilave been designated by numerals corresponding to those shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and therefore this form of 3 and 4 will not be described in more deta' Referring 'now to Figs. 5,6, 7 and 9, we

. and three u spectively.

have shown therein a Stirling t pe boiler in which there is provided a mu drum 28 30 and 31. ach of the upper drums is connected to the mud drum by a bank of tubes indicated at 32, 33 and 34 respectively. Suitable bafliing is provided to direct gases from the combustion chamber 35 upwardly over the front bank of tubes 32, downwardly over the middle bank of tubes 33, and upwardly over the rear bank 34 and thus to the outlet flue 36. The combustion chamber is rovided with a source of heat indicate as a grate 37. Certain of the tubesin the rear bank 34 are bent'forwardly, as indicated at 34', and connected to the middle drum 30. The front and middle drums are connected by steam circulators 37 and water. circulators 38, while the middle and rear drums are connected by steam circulators 39 only. The rear drum is shown as supplied with a steam outlet and a water inlet 41, and the middle drum is suppliedv with a gauge or water glass 42.

In the front drum 29 we have shown a baflle 43 corres ending to the baflie 26 of the Rust t 'pe 'of oiler, and arranged in sub-. stantia ly the same wa withrespect to the drum,the tubes in the ront bank 32, and the water circulators 38. The flow area of the water circulators 38 is restrictedwhile the flow area of the steam circulators is not so restricted, being sufficient to reserve sub-' sfiantially equal pressures in t e drums 29 and 30, and the flow area of the steam circulators 39 is also sufiicient for the same purpose, while there is a restriction of the area of the tubes 34' which connect the rear bank 34 with the water space. of the drum 30. We have found that this arran ement is one which results in materially ecr'easing' the priming or carrying of water into the main steam outlet 40 and, at the same time, maintains the level of water in the drums 30 and 31 substantially the same as the level in the lass 42. This has been shown diagrammatically in Fig. 9 wherein the lass 42 is shown as indicating the water leve 44 which is approximately the normal levels indicated at 45, 46 and 47 in the drums 29, 30 and 31 re- In operation, the water levels may reach some such lines as those indicated at 48, 49.

and 50 respectively, in these three drums, and it will be seen that the level in the rear or outlet drum is not substantially changed from the normal level and may be even lowered, thus greatly diminishing the chancesof giming occurring.

. e'cla1m:.

1. Ina boiler having at least two steam and water drums, steam circulators and water circulators connecting said drums, a bank of tubes connected to one of said drums below the normal water level therein and r steam and water drums 29,

below said water circulators, means to apply heat to said tubes to generate steam therein, and a bafile disposed in the drum above and extending across the ends ofsaid tubes and adapted to interrupt the rise of the fluid discharged from the tubes into the drum, said baflie being inclined upwardly, with its lower edge beneath said water circulators and above said tubes.

2. In a boiler having at least two steam and water drums, steam circulators and water circulators connecting said drums, a bank of tubes connected to one of said drums below the normal water level therein and below said water circulators, means to applyheat tp said tubes to nerate steam therein, a bafile disposed in t and extending across the ends of said tubes and adapted to interrupt the rise of the fluid dischar ed from the tubesinto'the drum, said ba e being inclined upwardly, with its lower edge beneath said water circulators and above said tubes, and having its upper edge spaced from the wall of the drum.

3. A steam boiler comprising front. and rear steam and water drums, front and rear water drums, a bank of tubes connecting each water drum to a steam and water drum, means causing hot gases to flow first over the front bank and then over the rearbank of tubes, steam circulators and water circulators connecting said steam and water drums, and connections between said water drums, the flow area of said water drum connections being restricted with respect to that of said steam circulators.

I 4. A steam boiler comprising front and rear steam and water drums, front and rear water drums,-a bank of tubes connecting each water drum to a steam and water drum,

means causing hot gases to flow first over the front bank and then over the rear bank of tubes, steam circulators and water circulators connecting said steam and water drums, and connections between said water drums, the flow area of said water drum connect-ions being restricted with respect to that of said water circulators. v

5. A steam boiler comprising front and rear steam and water drums, front and rear water drums, a bank of tubes connecting each water drum to a steam and water drum, means causing hot gases to flow first over the front bank and then over the rear bank of tubes, steam circulators and water circulators connecting said steam and water drums, connections between said water drums, the flow area of said water dru1n connections being restricted with respect to that of said water circulators, and the flow area of the water circulators being restricted with respect to that of the steamcirculators.

e drum above 6. A. steam boiler comprising front and rear steam and water drums, front and rear connections between front bank and Y tubes, steamcirculators i p tors connecting said water drums;

said-water drums,;the f flow area. of said water'drum being restricted with respect to thatof said steam circulatorsi and the flow area of said distance to either side rum, the havin v acent the water circufiitors and extending charge of said ture discharged water circulatorsfi alsgbemg r respect to thatof-the steain circulators. 7.'In a boiler,xa' ;circulation. system com- 7 rising-front and {rear and water ,l'ums, a bank of water-tubes connected to each'of 'said drums beneath the normal water level therein means causingihot gases to flow c i tu sand then over firstoverthe rontbankof the rear bank, steamcirculatorsand water circulators connecting said drums, a steamoutlet from said rear drum, and a baflle disposed in said front drum above and extendmg across the ends of said tubes and ada ted to interrupt the rise of fluid discharged m the tubes mto the drum, said ba-file being disposed between said tubes culators and adapted to deflect said fluid away from said water circulators.

8. In a water tube steam boiler having two steam and water drums, steam circulators and water circulators connecting said drums, a bank of tubes connected to one of said drums below its normal water level and the circu- Iator connections and actingv to discharge steam and water into the drum, means to apply heat to said tubes to generate steam therein, and an inclined and submerged bailie above and extending across the connections of said tubes with the drum for a substantial of a vertical the longitudinal axis of the e its lower edge adassing thrggah a t'an upward inclination therefrom substantially-entirely across the path of the disfrom these tubes into the drum is interrupted and deflected in a direction' away the drum.

; HOWARD J. KERR.

'. CHARLES U1 SAVOYE.

:neeaaeo means causing hetf restricted with and the water cirplane bank of tubes so that the mixfrom the circulator connections to

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