US1866934A - Drilling apparatus - Google Patents

Description

July l2, 1932. H. c. JoHANsEN DRILLNG APPARATUS Filed oct. 29, 1930 4 Sheets-Sheet l July l2, 1932. H. c. JoHANsEN DRILLING APPARATUS Filed Oct. 29. 1930 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 July 12,1932. H. c. JoHANsEN DRILLING APPARATUS Filed Oct. 29).l 1930 4 Sheets-Sheet' 3 July 12,l 1932.

H. C. JOHANSEN DRILLING APPARATUS Filed oct. 29. 1930 4 sheets-sheet 4 Patented July V12, 1932 UNITED s'ra'rlazs PATENT OFFICE HARRY C. JOHANSEN, 01' MICHIGAN CITY, INDIANA, ASSVIGNOR T0 SULLIVAN MOBIN- ER'Y COMPANY, A .OOIBPORATION 0F MASSACHUSETTS IDBILLING APPARATUS Application led October 29, -1930. Serial No. 491,978.

This invention relates to drilling a paratus and more particularly, but not exc usively, pertains to oil and gas well drilling apparatus of the rota type.

An object of invention is to provide an improved drilling apparatus. Another object is to provide an improved drilling apparatus of the rotary type especially adapted to use in oil and gas we drillin A further 1o, object is to provide an improve rotary drill wherein the rotary table is driven through an improved mechanism and having associated therewith improved power operated feeding means whereby the grief stem may be fed positively through the table. Yet another object is to provide an improved rotary drill. having improved hydraulic feeding j means for feeding the grief stem positively through the rotary table and wherein the feeding means to be shifted laterally relative to the rotary table to clear the latter for the usual rotary drilling operations. A. further object is to provide an im roved oil and gas welldrilling apparatus o the combined rotary and core drill type wherein separate driving mechanisms are employed for rotating the griefystem during the rotary and core drilling operations. A still further object of this invention is to provide an improved drilling apparatus of the rotary type .having improved rotation means whereby the drill stem may be rotated at a plurality of predeterminednspeeds. A still further object of this invention is to provide an 1mprovecT drilling adr-rparatus of the combined rotary and core ill type having separate driving means for the drive rod and 1rotary xtable whereby the rotary table and drive rod may be independently rotated. These and other objects will, however, hereinafter more fully appear. f I

In the accompanying drawings, there 1s shown for purposes of illustration one form which the invention may assume in practice.

In these drawings, Y Fig. 1 is aside elevational'view of an illustrative embodiment of the improved drilling apparatus, the hydraulic feeding mechanism being shown in a plurality of positions;

-ing shaft 10 of a plural speed transmission Fig. 2 is an enlarged plan view of the apparatus shown in Flg. 1; 4

Fig. 3 is an enlarged horizontal sectional view illustrating the improved rotation mechanism;

. Fig. 4 is a transverse vertical sectional .ta-ken substantially on line 4 4 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is a detail sectional view illustrating the hydraulic transfer mechanism for the `feedirig mechanism;

Fi s. 6 and 7 are transverse vertical sectiona views taken substantially on lines 6-6 and 7-7 respectively., of Fig. 3; 'f

Fig. 8 is a detail sectional view taken substantlally on line 8-8 of Fig. 2; "65

Fig. 9 is 'a detail sectional view taken substantially on line 9-9 of Fig. 3; and

Fig. 10 is a detail sectional view taken substantially on line 10-10 of Fig. 1.'

In this illustrative embodiment of the invention there is shown a drilling apparatus of the oil and gas well type generally comprising a base 1, a prime mover 2, transmission mechanism 3, rotation mechanism 4, and hydraulic feeding mechanismgenerallydes- I8 ignated 5. The drill base 1 herein comprises parallel I-beams 6 suitably transversely` braced and having mounted thereony at their forward ends parallel horizontal guide rails or tracks 7 on which the feeding mechanism 5 is slidably mounted as will later be described.

y Now referring to the improved driving mechanism for the rotationmechanism 4 it will be noted that the power shaft 8 of the prime mover 2 extends longitudinally of and midway between the I-beams 6 of the drill base and vis connected through spur gearing 9 to a horizontal longitudinally extend.-

mechanism indicated generally at 3. Secured to this shaft is a spur gear 11 meshing with a spur gear 12 fixed to a parallel countershaft 13. Also keyed to the shaft 13 are three gears 14, 15 and 16 of different tooth ratio,.the gears 15 and 16 meshing with spur lgears 17 and 18 respectively, journaled on a horizontal shaft 19 alined with the shaft l0. The pinion 14 meshes, as shown in Fig. 7 with an intermediate or idler gear 20 which in 100 turn meshes with al spur gear 21 likewise journaled on the shaft 19. For selectively connecting the gears 21 and 17 to the shaft 19 there is rovided a double ended jaw clutch 22 spllned to the shaft 19 and connectible with clutch teeth carried by the gears respectively. A similar double ended clutch element 23 is splined to the shaft 19 for connecting the gear 18 thereto or for connecting the shafts 10 and 19 directly together. The sliding clutch elements 22, 23 are provided with usual shipper mechanism 24, as shown in Fig. 6, and this shipper mechanism is operated through usual connections by a selective gear shift lever 25 (Figs. 2 and 3). It

will thus be seen that when the shafts 10 and 19 are connected directly together the latter is driven at la relatively high speed, while upon connection of the gears 17 and 18 to the shaft the latter is driven selectively at different relatively slower speeds. Upon connection of the gear 21 to the shaft 19 reverse rotation of the shaft is effected. This transmission mechanism is of a usual design and the gears thereof are housed within a casing 26 supported by transverse frame members 27 secured at their ends to the I-beams 6 of the drill base. In the present construction, fixed to the forward end of the shaft 19 is a clutch element 28 which is connectible by a sliding clutch element 29 to a clutch element 30 secured to a shaft 31 alined with the shaft 19 and likewise journaled in the transmission housing. The means for shifting` the clutch element 29 comprises, as shown in Fig. 9, a shipper yoke 32 fixed to a transversely arranged operating rod 33 having a usual operatin handle 34. The shaft 31 is connected by a exible coupling or universal joint 35 to a shaft 36 in turn connected through a flexible cou ling or' univeral joint 37 to a shaft 38. Al rotary table generally designated 39 is arrangedv at a low level between the sides of the drill base and herein comprises a base frame 40 secured to the I-beams 6 of the drill base. Rotatably mounted within this base frame is a large bevel gear or rotary table 41 and the shaft 38 has fixed there-v to a bevel pinion 42 meshed with and driving the bevel gear 41. This rotary table is horizontall v disposed and journaled on ball thrust bearings 43 suitably supportedwithin the base frame. cured to the rotary table is a member 44 herein in the form of a two-part or 'split bushing f. ,havingacentral square tapered opening 45 which receives wedge shapedfdrive members o'rwslips 46.` As clearly shown in Fig. 3 the slips 46 cooperate to form a central square opening 47 through which the usual square grief or drill stem 48 extends, the slips 46 engaging, and upon rotation of the table,`driv ing the grief stem 48 as Will later bedescribed. It is obvious that the wedge shaped slips 46 carried within the rotary table may Supported within and sebe of any desired form and that wedge shaped jaws with teeth or any suitable de'- vices may be substituted for those disclosed, for instance jaws of the type adapted to grip the stem and prevent sliding movement thereof through the table. that grief stems of differently shaped cross sections and slips cooperating to form differently shaped openings may be readily substituted for those disclosed.

Now referring to the mechanism# for effecting rotation of the grief stem when the rotary table is disconnected from its drive, attention is directed to the fact that secured to the shaft 19 at the rear of the clutch element 28 (see Fig. 3) is a bevel gear 50 meshing with a bevel gear 51 keyed to a horizontal transversely extending shaft 52. This shaft is connected by a coupling 53 to an alined shaft 54 extending laterally through an aperture 55 in the side of the drill base. This shaft has keyed thereto a bevel gear 56 meshing with a bevel gear 57 in turn keyed to a horizontal shaft 58 extending longitudinally along one side of the drill base. The adjacent ends of the shafts 54 and 58 are journaled within a housing 59 secured to the drill base and in which the bevel gears 56 and 57 are enclosed. Surrounding the shaft 58 is a hollow shaft 60 suitably journaled within a housing 62 secured as shown in Fig. 4, to an element of the feeding mechanism as hereinafter described. Keyed to this hollow shaft 60 is a bevel gear 63 meshing with a bevel gear 64 fixed to a vertical shaft 65. It will herein be noted that the shaft 60 is free to move relative to the shaft 58 so that when the feeding mechanism is shifted laterally on its guides the gears 63 and 64 are maintained alwaysI in mesh. This shaft is connected by a coupling 66 to a shaft 67 in turn connected by a coupling 68 to an alined shaft 69. vFixed to the shaft 69 at the upper end thereof is a spur pinion 70 driving through an intermediate gear 71, a large spur gear 72 keyed at 73 to a tubular shaft 74 suitably It is also evident journaled in anti-frictiony bearings carried lshaped drive rod 77 extends. Carried at the `lower end of the drive rod 77 is a usual bottom drillchuck 78 of the jaw type having usual-chuck jaws 79 adapted to grip the grief stem 48 to connect positively the latter to the drive rod 77. As shown in Fig. 8 the hollow shaft 60 is connectible in driving relation with the shaft 58 by means of a sliding jaw clutch 80 splined at 81 to the shaft 58 and having clutch teeth connectible to the clutch teeth formed on the shaft 60. The sliding clutch member 80 is provided with a usual pivoted shipper lever 82 pivotally mounted at 82a on a bracket 83 attached to the drill hase. Carrizal within this bracket is an antifriction bearing 84 in which the forward end of the shaft 58 is journaled. It will thus be seen that when the clutch 29 is disconnected and the shafts 58 and 60 are connected in driving relation by the clutch the grief stem 48 may be rotated independently of the rotary table 39.

The improved feeding mechanism 5 comprises parallel vertically disposed cylinders disposed, when in the position shown vin Fig. 4, at oppositesides of the rotary table 39. The cylinders 85 are provided with upper and lower heads 86 and 87 and the cylinder parts are maintained in assembled relation by means of tie bolts 88. Secured by bolts 89 to the lower c linder heads 87 is a trans-` verse frame mem er 9() supported by sliding shoes 91 engaging the guideways or tracks 7. The housing 62, above referred to, is secured to the Vframe 90. Disposed within each of the cylinders 85 is a feed piston 92 secured to parallel piston rods 93. These pistons rods extend upwardly through suitable stuiing boxes carried by the top cylinder heads and are secured at 944 to a cross arm 95 vextending transversely across the tops of the feed cylinders and supporting a usual thrust head 96. This thrust head comprises anti-friction bearings 97 rotatably supporting a. flange 98 secured to the drive-rod 77. As shownv in Fig. 4 the gear housing 75 is secured by screws 99 to the top heads 86 of the feed cylinders. Fluid under pressure may be admitted in any suitable manner to the feed cylinders 85 to effect movement of the feed pistons. It will thus be seen that as the drive rod 77 is rotated it may at the same time be fed axially by the hydraulic feeding mechanism. The feeding mechanism may be locked to the guide rails by means of clamping bolts 100 carried by the sliding shoes 91 and having hook shaped lower ends underlying the treads of the rails. When these bolts are tightened the sliding shoes are clamped in position to the rails.

To facilitate control of the grief stem there is provided at the upper end of the drive rod 77 a top chuck 101 comprising a casing 102 carrying wedge shaped chuckjaws 103 adapted to connect the grief stem 48. The means for actuating these chuck jaws comprises an annular member 104 connectedthrough links 105 to the chuck jaws. Cooperating with the grooved periphery of the member 104 is ashipper lever 106 pivoted at 107 on a screw to the top of the cross arm 95 and this shipper lever is provided with a usual operating andle 108.

The means for shifting the feeding mecha` tached at their ends to the I-beams 6 ofthe drill base. In the present construction the cylinder 109 extends longitudinally above the transmission mechanism 3 although it is evi dent that the cylinder may be arranged in various positions as desired. Reciprocably mountedl in this cylinder as shown 1n Fig. 5 is a piston 111 having a piston rod 112 pivotally connected at 113 to a transverse member 114 in turn attached in a suitable manner to the sliding shoes 91 on which the feeding mechanism is mounted. Fluid under pressure may be supplied to the cylinder 109 through a sup ly hose 115 and pipe connections 116 un way valve 117.

When it is desired to operate the apparatus as a rotary drill using the rotary table yas the means for rotating the grief stem 48, the clutch 80 is disconnected, thereby disconnecting the drive rod 77 from its driving mechanism. The clutch 29 is then connected and the rotary table 39 driven at any desired speed through the plural speed transmission mechanism 3 by the prime mover 2. The grief stem 48 is fed through the table in the usual manner by the hoisting mechanism or draw works of the drilling apparatus in accordance with the usual rotary practice. During starting of the hole or when it is desired to feed the grief stem at a controlled speed the feeding mechanism 5 is shifted from the dotted line position shown in Fig. 1 to the full line position in that figure wherein it overlies the rotary table. The bottom chuck 78 is then set, connecting the grietl stem 48 to the hydraulic. Upon admission of fluid under pressure to the cylinders 85 of the er the control of a usual four-v feeding mechanism the grief stem 48 may be Y i fed upwardly and downwardly through the rotary table as desired. If it is desired to clear the table for the usual rotary drilling operations, the feeding mechanism is again shifted to the dotted line position shown in Fig. 1. When it is desiredto operate the drilling apparatus as a standard core drill, the clutch 29 is released, disconnecting the rotary table 39 from its drive. The clutch 80 is then connected, connecting the shafts 58, 60 in driving relation, thereby connecting the drive rod 77 to the prime mover through the plural speed transmission mechanism 3 and the gear train including the large spur gear 72 fixed to the drive rod rotation member 74. The bottom chuck 78 is then set to connect the grief stem 48 to the drive rod 77 and .the grief stem is fed upwardly and downwardly as it is rotated by the member 74 at a controlled rate by the hydraulic. The topv chuck 101 is operated to hold the grief stem 48 during adjustment thereof, and when the bottom chuck 78 is released, and under certain conditions, cooperates with the bottom chuck in the drive of the grief stem in a manner well understood in the art. The thrust head 96 supports the weight of the drill stem and may if desired be connected simultaneously to the prime mover to act simultane.

ously as the rotation means for the grief stem 48, this being highly desirable when difficult drilling conditions are encountered and a powerful rotation is necessary.

As a result of this invention it will be noted that an improved rotary drilling apparatus is provided having improved positive feeding means whereby an extremely sensitive feed may be obtained, thereby enabling the rotary drill to be used with a standard diamond core bit. It will further be noted that an improved hydraulic feeding mechanism is provided especially adapted to use with a standard rotary drill. It will further be noted that by the provision of the separate rotation mechanisms for the grief stem it is possible for the drilling apparatus to operate either as a standard rotary or. a standard core drill, the rotation mechanisms being operable wholly independently of each other, although if desired may be operated simultaneously to obtain a more powerful rotation under diflicult drilling conditions. It will still further be noted Athat by the provision of a `guideway on which the hydraulic feeding mechanism is mounted it is possible to shift the feeding mechanism laterally to clear the rotary table for the usual rotary drilling operations. These and other uses and advantages of the improved drilling apparatus will be clearly apparent to those skilled in the art.

While there is in this application specifically described one form which this invention may assume in practice, it will be understood that this form of the same is shown for purposes of illustration and that the invention may be modified and embodied in various other forms without departing from its spirit or the scope of the appended claims.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by LettersPatent is: A

1'. In a drilling apparatus, a grief stem, a plurality of rotation mechanisms for said grief stem for rotating the latter in the same direction at a drilling speed during drilling, a prime mover, and means for independently connecting said rotation mechanisms to said prime mover.

2. I d 'llin a aratus a ief stem al n a r1 g pp gr "d grief stem thereto, arotary table for rotating plurality of rotation mechanisms for sai grief stem for rotating the latter at a drilling speed during drilling, a prime mover, and means for independently or simultaneously connecting said rotation mechanisms to said prime mover.

3. In a drilling apparatus,a rotary table, a grief stem rotated thereby, a prime mover, a supplemental rotation means for said grief stem for rotating the latter at a drilling speed during drilling, and means for independently connecting said rotary table and supplemetal rotation means to said prime mover.

4. In a drilling apparatus, a rotary table, a grief stem rotated thereby, hydraulic feeding means for the grief stem, means independent of said rotary table for rotating said grief stem at a drilling speed during drllling, a prime mover, and means for connecting said rotary table and said separate rotation means to said prime mover.

5. In a drilling apparatus, a rotary table, a grief stem rotated thereby, and mechanism independent of said table for rotating said grief stem at a drilling speed during drilling.

6. In a drilling apparatus, a rotary table, power devices for rotating said table atdifferent predetermined drilling speeds during drilling, a grief stem rotated by said table, yand devices separatefrom said table and operable independently of the latter for rotating said grief stem at similar speeds during drilling.

7. In a drilling apparatus, a rotary table, a prime mover, a plural predetermined speed transmission mechanism driven thereby, a rotation member connected to said grief stem for rotating the latter during drilling independently of said rotary table, and means for independently connecting said rotary table and said rotation member in driving relation with said transmission mechanism.

8. In a drilling apparatus, a grief stem, hydraulic feeding means for said grief stem, and mechanism for rotating said grief stem including a rotation member disposed relative to said grief stem above the point of connection thereof with said feeding mechanism and through which said grief stem extends and a rotary table disposed below said rotation member.

9. In a drilling apparatus, a grief stem, rotation means therefor including a. drive rod, drive rod rotation means, and a chuck carried bylsaid drive rod for connecting the grief stem thereto, hydraulic feeding mechanism by which said drive rod is rotatably supported, and means for rotating said grief stem at a drilling speed when said chuck is released.

10. In a drilling apparatus, a grief stem, rotation means therefor including a drive rod, drive rod rotation means, and a chuck carried by said drive rod for connecting the said grief stem, and hydraulic feeding mechanism by which said drive rod is rotatably supported for feeding the grief stem during rotation thereof by either said drive rod or said table and including parallel feeding devices between which said drive rod extends.

11. In a drilling apparatus, a drill basev -presenting a guideway, a rotary table on said base, hydraulic feeding means movable along said guideway relative to said table, a grief stem, means for connecting said grief stem to said hydraulic feeding means, and means for rotating 'said grief stem including a prime mover, carried 'by said drill base, a rotation membercarried' by said feeding means, and

. driving connections between said prime mover and said table and rotation member.

13. In a drilling apparatus, a rotary table, a drill stem rotated thereby,`hydraulic feeding means for the stem including parallel feed cylinders and pistons contained in said cylinders, a housing supported'by said cylinders at the upper ends thereof, and means separate from said table for rotating said drill stem including a rotation member joury naled within said housing and through which the drill stem extends.

14. In a drilling apparatus, a rotary table, a drill stem rotated thereby, hydraulic feeding means for the stem including parallel feed cylinders and pistons contained` in said cylinders, a housing supported by said cylinders at the upper ends thereof, means separate from said table for rotating said drill stem including a rotation member journaled within said housing and through which the drill stem extends, and power devices for rotating said member including a vertical shaft arranged parallel with said feed cylinders.

15. In a drilling apparatus, a rotary table, a drill stem rotated thereby, hydraulic feeding means for the stem including parallel feed cylinders and-pistons contained in said cylinders, a housing supported by said cylinders at the upper ends thereof, means separate from said table for rotating said drill stem including a rotation member journaled within said housing and through which the drill stem extends, and power devices for ro- -tating said member including a vertical shaft arranged parallel with said feed cylinders, a shaft extending longitudinally of said apparatus, and gearing connecting said shafts.

16. In a drilling apparatus, a rotary table, a grief stem rotated thereby, means independent of said rotary table for rotating the grief stem at a drilling speed during drilling, hydraulic feeding mechanism for the stem including a hydraulic feeding device arranged adjacent one side of said rotary table drilling operations.

and connections extending from said feeding device over the table for connecting the grief stem to the hydraulic, and means whereby said hydraulic feeding device may be shifted bodily laterally relative to the rotary table to clear the latter for the usual rotary drilling operations.

17. In a drilling apparatus, a rotary table, a grief stem rotated thereby, means independent of said rotary table for rotating the grief stem at a drilling speed during drilling, hydraulic feeding mechanism for the stem inadjacent one side of said rotary table and connections extending from said feeding device over the table for connecting the grief stem to the hydraulic, and'means whereby said hydraulic feeding device and said independent grief stem rotation means may be shlfted bodily laterally relative to the rotary table to clear the latter for the usual rotary 18. In a drilling apparatus, a rotary table, a grief stem rotated thereby, means independent of the'rotary table for rotating the grief stem at a drilling speed during drilling, positive feeding mechanism for the grief stem including power feeding devices disposed above the derrick floor at opposite sides of the rotary table and between which the grief stem extends, said feeding devices arranged along the sides of the table and closely adjacent thereto, and horizontal guideways at the sides of the rotary table on which said power feeding devices and said independent grief stem rotation means are slidably mounted for movement bodily laterally relative to the rotary table to clear the latter for the usual rotary drilling operations.

19. In a drilling apparatus, a rotary table, a grief stem rotated thereby, means independent of the rotary table for rotatin the grief stem at a drilling speed during rilling, hydraulic feedin mechanism for the grief stem including ydraulic feeding devices disposed above the derrick floor at 0pposite sides of the rotary table and between which the grief stem extends, said hydraulic feeding devices extending adjacent the sides of the table, and horizontal guideways at the sides of the rotary table on which said hydraulic feeding devices and said independent grief stem rotation means' are slidably mounted for movement bodily laterally relative to the rotary table to clear the latter for adjacent the latter and` connectible to the cluding a hydraulic feeding device arranged lso grief stem, and horizontalv guidewa s arranged at the sides of the rotary ta le on which said power feeding devices of the feeding mechanism are slidably mounted, said power feeding devices being shiftable bodily laterally along said guideways to one side of the rotary table to clear the latter for the usual rotary drilling operations.

21. In a drilling apparatus, a rotary table, a grief stem rotated thereby, means independent of the table for rotating the grief stem at a drilling speed during drilling, a hydraulic feeding mechanism including a feed cylinder arranged above the derrick floor at one side ofthe rotary table adjacent the table, a piston reciprocable in said cylinder, devices for connecting said piston to the grief stern, and a guideway adjacent said' table for sliding said hydraulic feeding-mechanism and said independent grief stem rotation means bodily laterally to one side of the n i table to clear the latter for the usual rotary drillin operations.

22. n a drilling apparatus, a rotary table, a grief stem rotated thereby, means independent of the table for rotating the grief stem at a drilling speed during drillingta hydraulic feeding mechanism forthe stem comprising hydraulic feeding devices arranged above the derrick floor at the opposite sides of the rotary table and connectible to the grief stem, the lower ends of said hydraulic devices arranged adjacent the top surface of the table, and horizontal guideways on which said hydraulic feeding devices and said independent grief stem rotation means are slidably mounted.

In testimony whereof I aiX my signature.

HARRY C. JOI-IANSEN.

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