US1865500A - Wall construction - Google Patents

Description

July 5, 1932.

A. F. BEMIS WALL CONSTRUCTION 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Feb. 27, 1929 y 5, 1932- A. F. BEMIS WALL CONSTRUCTION 5 Sheet-Sheet 2 Filed Feb. 27, 1929 m W L m $1 1 J -3 M y o i o o o u n o M W o o\\\\\... W \hvl w W a a 1L 0 o g a k em I HQ 1$ Q o o o o o\ o o o\ o o o w o o o o o o 9 .WN h o+\\\) 1% [k k k k Patented July 5, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT ounce ALBERT F. BEMIS, OF NEWTON, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO IBEMIS INDUSTRIES INC OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE WALL ooNsrnnc'rIoN Application 'filed February 27, 1929. Serial No. 342,996.

This invention relates to an improved wall construction and to a method and means for constructing the same. i The presentinvention is especially suitable for the construction of reinforced concrete walls for ordinary houses or buildings of similar size, being particularly applicable to the construction of foundation walls.

In accordance with this inventioma framework is erected, preferably out of standardized preformed metal parts that may be rapidly assembled in situ, and certain members are assembled about the framework to compose forms for the pouring of concrete about the same, means being provided for the ready and facile connection of the form members to the frame sothat a wall may be poured in a girt elements spaced thereaboveapproxi mately the height of the wall to be poured. The connecting posts and studs as well as the sills and girts may be constructed of pre formed metal elements which may be fabricated in a suitable manufacturing establishment under conditions of quantity and standardized production and which may be rapidly assembled in situ. These frame elements preferably-are constructed in accordance with a modular system, such as is described in my copending application No. 280.,- 226 filed May 24, 1928, having openings arranged at spaced modular intervals for the reception of suitable fastening elements or the like for connection with other portions of the metal frame or with the joists, etc. The openings in these frame members and more particularly in the girts and sills are so disposed at standardized intervals that they may be readily associated with standardized connecting elements or ties which pro]ect outwardly at either side of the frame and which are adapted to engage temporary uprights, the latter preferably also being standardized and being adapted rapidly to be secured to and disconnected from the connecting elements or ties.

Form slabs, which may be removable from the poured wall or which preferably may be preformed of cementit-ious material to compose a permanent part thereof, are provided in standardized lengths corresponding to the spacing of the uprights so that the vertical joints between the slabs occur adjoining the uprights. These slabs preferably have such a thickness that they may be readily disposed upon each other, thus cooperating with the temporary uprights in providing a form about the intermediate metal framework. The intermediate space is then adapted to receive pouredcementitious material to provide a cementitious wall reinforced by the metallic framework, the form slabs composing a portion of this wall, ifdesired, or being removable therefrom after the cementitious material has at least initially set. In either case the temporary uprights are ordinarily removable from the wall and are adapted to be used repeatedly. In accordance with this invention, the floor joists connecting the girts at the upper portion of the poured wall may be secured to the girts in order to brace the same before the wall is poured, if desired.

The metal framework ordinarily will be continued upwardly to form a skeletonized outline for the succeeding stories of the building, the embedding of the lower portion of this framework in the poured foundation being advantageous in ensuring the accurate positioning of the same and the rigid retention thereof in place. Due to the use of standardized parts, both permanent and temporary, the cost of pouring a foundation (or other wall) is materially reduced by the pres ent invention, and the time required for making a wall of this character is but a fraction of that required under ordinary methods of construction. lVhile I more specifically described the present invention as applied to the pouring of a foundation, it is evident that the same principles are readily applicable to the pouring of a wall forsucceeding stories of the building when desired.

In the accompanying drawings,

Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional view through 7 a portion of a foundation wall constructed in accordance with the present invention, the various portions of the form being shown in place about the wall;

Fig. 2 is a sectional detail showing a portion of the footing and sill and one type of tie means for connecting the temporary uprights to the latter;

Fig. 3 is an elevational detail of an upright of the type shown in Fig. 2 with related parts;

Fig. 4 is a broken side elevational view of a portion of a wall being constructed in accordance with the present invention, portions of the metal framework being indicated by dotted lines;

Fig. 5 is a horizontal section of line 5-5 of Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is a top view of one type of connection for securing the upper ends of the temporary uprights to the framework;

Fig. 7 is an elevational view of the same, a girt being indicated by dot and dash lines in this figure;

Fig. 8 is a sectional view of a girt and re lated parts showing one means of tying the same to the upper ends of the temporary uprights;

Fig. 9 is an end elevation of the type of connection shown in Figs. 6 and 7;

Fig. 10 is a top view of another type of connector for securing the upper ends of the temporary uprights to the girt;

Fig. 11 is a section on line 11-11 of Fig. 10;

Fig. 12 is an elevational view of the connection shown in Fig. 10;

Fig. 13 is a top view of the assembly shown in Fig. 8;

Fig. 14 is a sectional view of a corner assembly, the dot and dash lines indicating the manner in which the corner elements may be disposed to permit the formation of walls of various standardized thicknesses;

Fig. 15 is a vertical section through a typical portion of a standardized metal frame which may be utilized in carrying out the present invention;

Fig. 16 is a horizontal section through a post assembly of such a frame; 16Fig. 17 is a section of line 1717 of Fig.

Fig. 18 is a broken elevational detail of a portion of a frame of this character;

Fig. 19 is an elevational view of a portion of an upright and related parts;

51g. 20 is a perspective view of a spacer; an

Fig. 21 is a broken elevational view of a corner upright.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, and first more particularly to Figs. 4, 15, 16, 17 and 18 thereof, it is to be understood that in a typical application of the present invention, a footing 1 may be provided in the usual manner and metal sills 2 mounted thereon to form a base for the main wall portions of the building. These sills preferably comprise a pair of angle elements 3 which are welded to a web or base plate 4, the latter being pro vided with a plurality of intermediate longitudinally disposed openings 6. The sill element being accurately positioned upon the footing 1, cementitious material is poured over the same and particularly over openings 6 so that the element is firmly secured to the footing as the poured cementitious material or grouting hardens. Any other suitable means of securing the sill elements to the footing may be used in place of or in conjunction with the grouting described herein.

The upright members of the framework then are secured to the sills, these upright members comprising suitable studs 10 and posts 160. The studs are formed of spaced parallel angles 12 which are connected at intervals by channels 14, these channels preferably being welded to the angles and being disposed at the ends of the same as well as ordinarily at one or two points therebetween. Preferably channels 14 may project slightly beyond the ends of the angles to interfit with the upstanding flanges upon the sill members 2 and to engage corresponding portions of the girts at the upper ends of the studs. For this purpose a portion of each leg of channel 14 is provided with a suitable opening that is adapted to register with one of the openings 17 which are disposed at standardized intervals upon the upstanding flanges of the angles 3 of sills 2. Suitable fastening means such as bolts 19 may be utilized to secure the studs to the sills.

The posts, which occur at the intersections of or corners of walls, preferably are built up of a plurality of stud elements, these elements being arranged in the planes of the intersecting walls, as shown in Figs. 16 and 17 and being connected to each other by suitable angles 20. The posts are connected to the sill members by channels 14 forming a substantially integral part of the posts, i. e., being welded thereto after the manner described with reference to the studs.

The girts 26, Figs. 15 and 16, may be formed of two pairs of angles 3 similar to the corresponding portions of the sill elements, these angles being located, however, both above and below the intermediate plate or web 28 which is provided with central, longitudinaly disposed openings 29 and which may project outwardly beyond one or both sides of the framework to provide a ledge 30 in order to support floor joists or the like upon one able openings spaced at modular distances to receive fastening elements to engage the floor joists supported'thereby and that the openings 17 in the vertically disposed portions of angles 3 in both the sill and girt elements also are arranged at modular distances to engage any suitable fastening elements.

It is evident that this metal framework may be continued upwardly for succeeding stories, the posts and studs for the same, for example, being connected to the upper pair of angles 3 upon the girt for the first story in the same manner as the studs and posts are connected to the sill elements. It is further evident that the various portionsof the metal framework may be formed under conditions of quantity production in a suitable manu facturing establishment and may be of standardized size with openings spaced at modular intervals, so that they are rapidly assembled in situ.

If desired, the joists 40 for the first floor may be secured by means of drive screws 41 or the like (Fig. 4) to the outstanding ledges 30 of the opposite girts in order to provide a lateral reinforcement for the metal frame work before the concrete or cementitious foundation is poured thereabout. Also the framework for succeeding stories may be as sembled upon the portion of the framework specifically described above or before or while the cementitious foundation is being formed.

\Vhile the foregoing description specifically describes one form of metal frame which may be readily assembled out of preformed standardized elements, it is to be understood that the principles of this invention are not confined to this specific framework, but may be readily applicable to other constructions of standardized dimensions or to a lesser extent to other frameworks which lack the modular concept. For a more particular de scription of metal frames of the general character described above, the reader is referred to my copending applications No.266,955, filed April s, 1928 and No. 359,209.

In order to permit the rapid and expeditious pouring of a cementitious foundation about the metal framework, suitable tie ele ments preferably are associated therewith to connect temporary uprights thereto. As shown in Fig. 1, for example, these tie elements may comprise elongated threadedbars or bolts 50 which extend through openings 17 disposed at suitable intervals in the upstanding flanges of angles 3 of sills 2. The ends of these bolts 50 preferably may be received in slots 51 at the lower ends of temporary uprights 52 (Fig. 4) which may be conveniently formed of wood and which preferably have their slotted ends reinforced by metal'plates 54 to permit their repeated use. Suitable fastening elements 56 are then threaded upon the ends of the bolts or ties 50 in order to clamp the lower ends of the uprights 52 in position.

The exact position of the latter depends upon the desired thickness of the wall which is to be poured. Ordinarily this wall will be substantially thicker than the corresponding dimension of the metal framework. Thus, for example, the framework may have a standardized modular thickness of four inches and the wall which is to be poured thereabout may have a thickness of twelve inches. In order to permit suitable spacing of the inner faces of uprights 52 from the sill elements 3 I dispose at either side of the latter the lower course of slabs 60, which may be of preformed cementitious material in order eventually to compose a portion of the foundation wall. Thus, as shown in Fig. l, a single layer of slabs 60 is disposed between the outer row of uprights 52 and the sill member 2, while it is desirable to space the inner layer of slabs 52 at a greater distance from the frame member 2. For this purpose I interpose parts 60 of broken slabs between the outer layer of slabs and the sill member 2. Preferably the thickness of the slabs is so standardized in relation to the various wall thicknesses ordinarily desired that the slab thickness forms an integral factor of any of the desired wall thicknesses and of the width of the frame members 2. Thus, for example, it ordinarily may be desired to form a wall of 8, 10, 12 or 14 inches in thickness, and with such standardized thicknesses as well as the general modulardimensioning of the building, it is desirable to have the sill elements 3 and other portions of the frame substantially four inches in width and to have slabs 60 substantially two inches in thickness. Hence the wall. shown in Fig. 1 will have a total thick ness of twelve inches.

While I refer specifically to wall thickness differing from each other by two inches and to slabs having a similar dimension, it is to be understood that these particular dimensions are referred to merely by way of example and that other suitable dimensions may be substituted to permit the convenient and accurate formation of walls of different thicknesses.

Preferably the footing 1 has a suitable thickness so that it supports the lower ends of the temporary uprights 52, as shown. 7 As indicated above, slabs 60 preferably are standardized in length and the openings 17 in the angles 3 of the horizontal frame members are so spaced that the ties 50 may be arranged to extend between the vertical edges of adjoining slabs so that these edges register with the inner faces of the tempo rary uprights '52. Thus in the ordinary construction of a poured wall slabs having a suitable predetermined length, such for example. as approximatelytwenty-four inches, e. g., twenty-three and three-fourths inches will be used, and the ties 50 and the uprights 52 be spaced at corresponding distances twenty-four inches along the horizontal elements of the framework.

In order to permit convenient flexibility in the dimensioning of the walls of the building, however, i. e., in order to permit their horizontal dimensions to differ from each other by a much smaller unit'than the length of the standardized slabs, I preferably may use a module such as four or eight inches as described, for example, in my oopending application No. 280,226. Thus certain slabs 'may differ by the modular dimension from the standardized length which for purposes of example herein 1 have referred to as being approximately twenty-four inches, such other slabs having lengths of approximately 8, 12, 16 and 20 inches, for example, so that by the proper selection of slabs any desired modular dimension of wall may be provided, it being evident that it is only necessary to provide a comparatively few slabs of the smaller dimensions.

The upper ends of the temporary uprights 52 are connected to the metal framework, i. e., to the girt 26, after the lower courses of slabs are laid in order substantially to position the lower ends of these uprights. I have illustrated herein several means of connecting the upper portions of the uprights to the girt members, such means all being characterized by being readily connectible to the standardized girt members at proper intervals in order to correspond to the spacing of the slabs and temporary uprights and being adapted readily to be detached from the uprights. Often the latter may have a height corresponding to that of a standardized story so that the tie elements may engage the slots 51 at the upper as well as the lower ends of the uprights. However, since at times it may be desirable to make walls, and particularly foundation walls of different heights, I have provided a plurality of openings 57 in the uprights which are adapted to engage connecting'elements at various other heights.

The upper ends of uprights 52 may be connected in any one of a plurality of ways, one method of doing this being shown: in Fig. 1, wherein the tie-bolt at the upper end of the uprights corresponds to the similarly designated connection at the lower end thereof. A suitable spacer 90 which comprises an inverted U-shaped piece of sheet metal is engaged with the tie to hold the inner upright at a suitable distance from the girt. Preferably this U-shaped spacer is of such moderate thickness that it may readily project between the edges of the upper course of slabs when the same are laid. It

is evident that tie 50 and spacer 90 may be disposed below the ledge 30 of the girt so that the uprights may be secured in place after the joists are connected to the frame.

peatedly upon successive jobs.

upper ends of uprights 52 in order to After uprights 52 are thus connected to the metal frame, the succeeding courses of slabs are erected with their edges in engagement with the inner faces of parallel uprights 52, the cementitious material preferably being gradually poured as succeeding courses of slabs are laid. The space between the upper courses of slabs is filled by pouring through the openings 29 in the girts. After the cementitious material has sufficiently set, uprights 52 may be removed by detaching the nuts 56. Any portions of the bolts 50 which project undesirably from the wall may then be severed in any suitable manner.

In accordance with the preferred embodiment of the invention, slabs being cast of cementitious material remain in place, the poured cementitious material having run into and engaged the irregularities and edge portions of the same so that the slabs compose a substantially integral part of the poured wall. If desired, however, it is evident that form may be constructed about and connected to the temporary framework which is provided with removable slabs, for example, slabs of wood, which are useable re- In either case the same general constructional arrangement and modular dimensioning of parts may be utilized.

Figs. 8 and 13 show another type of connection for securing the girt to the upper ends of the temporary uprights. Such a connection may comprise a block 71 shaped to engage between the upstanding legs of the angles 3 of a standardized girt, this block being provided with a horizontal opening 72 to receive a temporary pin or the like 73 so that the block may be accurately positioned longitudinally in relation to the girt, it being understoo-dthat pin 73 is adapted to enter one of the openings 1'? which are spaced at modular intervals upon the girt. The block preferably is secured to another block 74, which is connected by bolts 7 5 to horizontal angles 77 that are adapted to extend outwardly from the upper portion of the girt. These parallel angles have openings 79 which are spaced at intervals corresponding to desired differences in thickness of the walls to be poured. Connecting bolts 80 pass through these angles and are adapted to engage the position the same laterally. Tie bolts 50 are engaged in the slots in the upper ends of the members 52 passing through modularly disposed openings in the lower pair of angles of the girt.

Figs. 6, 7 and 9 illustrate another type of connector, designated in general by numeral 100, for connecting the upper ends of the temporary upri hts to the irt, this connector being particularly designed for use when the joist-s are not first secured to the girts. This connector comprises parallel upstanding 52 and that suitable bolts 109 may connect.

the plates 101 to engage the outer faces of the uprights in order properly to position.

them or, if desired, tie bolts 50 may be as sociated with the uprights, to hold them against the faces of channels 103. In order to permit the proper positioning of the con nectors in relation to the girt, a pair of channels 111 are connected to the out-er faces of the girts, these channels being dimensioned to interfit with the upstanding portions of the gi-rts and having openings disposed to register with the openings 17 therein so that a suitable bolt or bolts 11& may extend through the registering openings accurately to postion the connector. It is evident that connectors 100 maybe readily lowered in place and lifted out of engagement with the uprights and girt when the bolt or pin 114 is removed.

Figs. 10, 11 and 12 show another form of connector 120. which is similar to that illustrated in Figs. 8 and 13 but having angles 7 7 projecting from both sides oftne central blocks 71* and 74 such a connector being particularly adapted for use with a construc tion wherein the joists are not assembled up on the girts before the wall is poured. WVith this form of connector, bolts 80 may prefer.- ably be arranged at both sides of the temporary uprights to prevent lateral movement thereof.

Fig. 2 illustrates optional means for connecting the lower ends of uprights 52 to the sill element 2. For this purpose ties 130 are disposed below the sill elementrbefore the same is grouted or otherwise secured in place, these ties each having a strap metal body portion which rests upon the footing 1 and havingupwardly curved or hooked end portions 131. The ties are provided with U- shaped clips 132 which are of suitable slze to fit about the sill elements placed thereabove. Suitable openings may be provided in the clips to register with the openings 17 in the sill elements so that the ties 130 may be accurately placed. The uprights 52 may be disposed above the ends of ties 130, suitable curved metal wedgeelements 134 being snapped betwe'een the lower ends of the uprights and: the hooked ends 131 of the ties. If desired, as shown in Fig" 3, the lower ends of the uprights 52 may be notched as desig-v nated by numeral 51 in order properly to fit over the ties 130 and to rest upon the footing. Fig. 19 shows a similar arrangement wherein the ties 131 are held in wedg'ing engagement with the lower ends of the uprights by means of pins 138. p

Fig. 14 shows the construction which preferably may be used at a corner of a wall. For this purpose suitable angle shaped uprights 150 are provided, these uprights comprising two wooden plates secured in planes at right angles to each other' The ends of these corner members have slots 151 similar to the slots 51 of the uprights 52, and suitable intermediate openings 157 corresponding to openings 57 of the other uprights may also be provided. As shown, similar members 150, are disposed at both the inner and outer corners of the wall structure being provided with pairs of slots 151 and openings 157 in each plane, these openings being spaced at intervals from each other correv sponding to desired differences in the thickness of the wall, for example, at two-inch intervals.

It is to be understood that the outer corner member 150 may be wired to the corner post 160 in any suitable manner, being properly spaced therefrom in the same way as described with reference to the other uprights. The inner corner upright 150 may be connected to suitable uprights 52 which have their openings aligned with one of the series of slots or openings upon the member 150. Forexam'ple, as shown in Fig. 14 the fullline view of the inner corner member shows the same as it may be positioned to form a wall eight inches thick, the dot and dash line position thereof designated A showing the same in place to form a ten inch wall, and the dot and dash line position thereof designated B showing the inner corner upright to form a twelve inch wall. Due to the provision of the pairs of slots and openings in each plate of the member 150, it is therefore possible to locate the opposing uprights 52 in such a manner that they will register with the edges of slabs which may differ in length from each other bytwice the dimension between the center lines of the pairsof' openings in the member 150, for example, this dimension may be] two inches correspondingrto the pos sible differences in desired thickness in the walls to be poured and the slabs may differ in length by four inches. Thus, in order to permit even the uttermost flexibility in construction, itis only necessary to have a comparatively few lengths of standardized slabs, the most of they same, however, being of'one standardized dimension.

Itis evident that walls constructed in accordance with the present invention are particularly desirable for foundationsandjthat a building whereinthe lower portion of the metal framework is. thus embeddedin a cementitious foundation may have an unusually rigid construction. The present invention particularly permits a wall such as the foundation or the wall for the succeeding story or stories to be poured with a minimum wall to be poured may be employed, it is contemplated that the principles of the present invention may be developed so that the uprights may be utilized to support a monorail of standardized parts in order to permit a conveyor car to carry the cementitious ma-.

terial to the portion of the wall to to be poured, thus substantially eliminating the necessity for use of wheelbarrows or the like upon the job.

The use of frame elementsof standardized modular lengths and having means thereon spaced at modular distances for the engagement of vertical members such as studs or posts or with the connectors for the temporary uprights of the concrete form permits an exceedingly adaptable and convenient mode of building construction. Thus, as more specifically described in my copending application Serial No. 280,226, the horizontal members which differ in length from each other by modular dimensions may be utilized to define a building having rooms of substantially any desired shape or arrangement. Due to the provision of these members only in modular lengthsand with the openings 17 or the like therein spaced at modular distances from each other, it is possible to have the form for the pouring of the foundation or the like constructed of standardized members of the type described herein, utilizing preformed slabs or other types of slabs, if desired, of the standardized lengths, so that necessity for cutting or careful fitting in situ is substantially avoided. Thus, in accordance 5 with the present invention a pouring form may be provided out of parts of a comparatively few standardized dimensions in order to suit all possible building plans adhering to the predetermined modular system.

I claim:

1. A method of building a wall which comprises forming a footing, erecting a frame work thereon, securing rows of uprights in parallel spaced relation to the framework, placing parallel layers of slabs with their marginal faces engaging the inner faces of the uprights, pouring cementitious material about the framework between the slab layers, and removing the uprights.

2. A method of building a wall which comprises forming a footing, erecting a metal framework thereon, connecting parallel rows of uprights by means of ties to the metal frame, interposing spacers between the frame and uprights, erecting layers of preformed cementitious slabs with their marginal faces engaging the inner faces of the uprights; pouring cementitious material between the slab layers, and detaching the uprights from the ties to provide a metal reinforced wall with facings of cementitious slabs.

3. A method of erecting a wall which comprises forming a footing, erecting a metal framework thereon, associating a series of ties with the lower part of the framework, disposing parallel rows of uprights with their bottoms resting upon the footing and their lower parts detachably connected to the ties but held in spaced relation to the framework, connecting the upper parts of the uprights to the framework, erecting a layer of cementitious slabs upon the footing at each side of the framework with the faces of the slabs in engagement with the inner faces of the uprights, pouring cementitious material between the slab layers, permitting the same at least initially to set, detaching the uprights from the ties and disconnecting their upper parts from the framework, thus pro viding a metal reinforced cementitious wall with facings of cementitious slabs.

4. A. method of constructing a reinforced cementitious wall wherein standardized frame members having corresponding modular dimensions and modularly spaced openings provide the reinforcing structure, which method comprises erecting a base, disposing horizontal frame members upon the base to outline the desired wall arrangement, connecting vertical frame members to said openings in horizontal members, securing girts of lengths similar to those of the first mem her to the uprights by means of similarly disposed openings, and connecting concrete form sections of modular dimensions to the modularly spaced openings in the horizontal members of the frame, whereby cutting of frame parts or of form parts in situ is not required.

5. A method of constructing a reinforced cementitious wall wherein standardized frame members having corresponding modular dimensions and modularly spaced openings provide the reinforcing structure, which method comprises erecting a base, disposing horizontal frame members upon the base to outline the desired wall arrangement, connecting vertical frame members to the openin s in horizontal members, securing girts of lengths similar to those of the first member to the uprights by means of similarly spaced openings, utilizing certain of the modularly spaced openings upon the horizontal members and girt to secure outwardly extending connectors thereto, securing temporary uprights to the connectors, locating form slabs of modular dimensions with their margins in engagement with the inner faces of the uprights, whereby the frame and form are both readily erected out of standardized parts. t

6. A method of constructing a wall which comprises forming a footing, securing to said footing rows of temporary uprights disposed in spaced parallelism to each other, erecting parallel layers of preformed slabs upon the footing with their outer faces engaging the inner faces of the uprights, pouring cementitious material between the layers of slabs, permitting the same initially to set, and removing the temporary uprights.

7. A method of constructing a wall which comprises forming a footing, connecting a series of ties to the footing, disposing parallel rows of spaced uprights with their bottoms resting on the footing and their lower parts detachably connected to the ties, erecting parallel layers of preformed slaps upon the footing with their outer faces engaging the inner faces of the uprights, pouring cement tious material between the slap layers, permitting the same initially to set, and removing the uprights.

8. A method of constructing a wall which comprises forming a foo-ting, securing reinforcing members thereto,- connecting a series of ties to said reinforcing members, erecting parallel rows of spaced uprights with their bottoms resting on the footing and their lower parts detach ably secured to the ties, erecting parallel layers of slabs on said footing with their outer faces engaging the inner faces of the uprights, pouring cementitious material between the slab layers, permitting the same initially to set, and removing the uprights.

9. A method of constructing a wall which comprises forming a base, laying a horizontal sill member on said base, connecting upright members to said sill to provide a permanent reinforcing frame, connecting tie members to said sill, erecting parallel rows of spaced uprights on said base with their lower parts detachably secured to said tie members, erecting parallel layers of preformed slabs on said base with their outer faces engaging the inner faces of said uprights, pouring cementitious material between the slab layers, and detaching the uprights from said ties to provide a reinforced wall having facings of preformed slabs.

10. A method of constructing a wall which comprises forming a base, laying a horizontal sill member on said base, connecting upright frame members and a girt to said sill to provide a permanent reinforcing frame, connecting tie members to said sill and girt, said sill and girt being provided with modularly spaced means to indicate the positioning of said tie members, detachably connecting rows of temporary uprights to said tie members, erecting parallel layers of slabs on said base with their outer faces engaging the inner faces of said uprights thereby to provide a form about said frame members, and pouring cementitious material in the form thus provided.

11. A method of constructing a wall which comprises forming a base, laying a horizontal sill member on said base, connecting vertical frame members and a girt to said sill to provide a permanent reinforcing frame, connecting tie members to said sill and girt, said sill and girt being provided with modularly spaced openings to indicate the positioning of and to provide connections for said tie members, detachably connecting rows of temporary uprights to said tie members, erecting parallel layers of preformed slabs on said base with their outer faces engaging the inner faces of said uprights thereby to provide a form about said frame members, and pouring cementitious material in the form thus provided.

12. A method of constructing a reinforced cementitious wall wherein standardized frame members having corresponding modulair dimensions and modularly spaced openings provide the reinforcing structure, which method comprises forming a base, laying a horizontal sill member on said base, connectvertical frame members and'a girt to said sill to provide the reinforcing structure, connecting tie members to certain of the modularly spaced openings in said sill and girt, de-

tachably securing rows of temporary uprights to said tie members, erecting layers of slabs on said base with their outer faces engaging the inner faces of said uprights thereby to provide a form about said reinforcing structure, and pouring cementitious material in the form thus provided.

Signed by me at Boston, Massachusetts, his 18th day of February, 1929.

ALBERT F. BEMIS.

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