US1854181A - Woven fabric and method of weaving same - Google Patents

Description

April 19, 1932. J. ERKES ET AL 1,854,181

WOVEN FABRIC AND METHOD OF WEAVING SAME Filed May 25, 1930 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 WITNESS: I N V EN TOR5 (0/ Joseph Evlxes m magma i April 1 9, 1932. J. ERKES ET AL WOVEN FABRIC AND METHOD OF WEAVING SAME Filed May 23, 1930 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 I 17) 11! 7 2 H W WITNESS: [NVENTOR6 Iss5 11 Erkes John Kr e hhl E1.

I 71 7, THEIR ATTORNEY April 19, 1932. J. ERKES ET AL 1,

WOVEN FABhIC AND METHOD OF WEAVING SAME Filed May 25, 1930 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 ha WITNES: I h VVfiNTORs l DEE 1'' E5 7/ y Patented Apr. 19, 1932 UNITED STATES.

PATENT OFFICE JOSEPH ERKFS, OI PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, AND JOHN KREHBIEL, OF

. i V "NEWYORK,N.Y.

wovE'N FABRIC AND MET OD or WEAVING SAME Application filed May 23,

This invention relates to weaving and has particular reference to the weaving of patterned smooth fabrics, frieze fabrics, and pile fabrics, such as plush and carpets.

In the weaving of pile fabrics it is customary, under existing conditions, to extend wires through the shed for suitably elevating the pile threads, and it is also customary in the weaving of fabricsofthe kind aforementioned, to use a single shuttle or to-opcrate onl one shuttle at a time. In consequence, t e production of. frieze, pile and such fabrics is slow and tedious, and the passing of the wires through, the shed extremely diflicult.

To overcome the objection to passing the wires through the shed, gauges have been used for holding the weft threads over which the pile. thread is extended, but the passing of the single weft thread through the shed has not tended to hasten the operation to any marked extent.

The-object of this invention is to provide a novel weave whereby production will be hastened and a better fabric produced.

Various experiments have demonstrated that material, woven in accordance with this invention, can be produced in the substantial ratio of five to two over former methods employed and the material produced will not only-come up to the standard of previously formed materials, but in quality will far exceed the same.

According to the invention, the usual filler warp, binder warp, pile threadsand weft threads are employed and the binder heddles are so arranged that the binder threads in combination with the filler warp or pile warp will form two sheds through which shuttles are simultaneously passed for weaving the pile thread into the fabric, and are so arranged that the weft threads always lie one directly above the other, thereby producing a.

fabric which. is strong, durable and ofexcellent quality.

There may be incorporated in the weavingof this material, gauges for regulating the height of the pile'loops above the body of the fabric, and the pile threads may be carried either by spools or distributed by the ap- 19ao. Serial No. 454,877.

proved jacquard mechanism, depending upon the pattern desired.

The drawings illustrate embodiments of the invention and the views therein are as follows: v

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view presumed to be taken longitudinally along the warp threads,

Figure 2 is a section taken at right angles to the direction of travel of the shuttles,

Figure 3 is a similar view and is intended to illustrate the weaving of frieze fabric,

Figure 4 is a like view enlarged and showing the gauge used for holding the weft threads which carry the pile loops,

Figure 5 is a like view showing the manner of procuring pile fabric, and Figure 6 is a step by step diagrammatic view showing the heddle arrangements for F weaving material such as shown in Figures 2 to 5 inclusive.

Referring to Figure 1, 11 indicates the breast beam, 12 the lay. and 13 the reed carried by the lay. The diagram shows four heddles 14 included, under the broad characteristic J, which heddles are operated by the jacquard mechanism.

-In this diagram it is presumed that several colors of pile thread are beingus'ed, while,

however, if a single pile color is used, it 80.

may be supplied directly from spools without the use of jacquard mechanism.

G represents the gauge heddle which operates the, gauges 16. B and B represent the binder warp heddles and F represents the $5 filler guide which, for the purpose of this. invention, is always stationary, that is, vertically stationary. I

In the diagram, let 17 represent the fell of the fabric and 18 and 19 the,weft shuttles. 9

It is to be understood that the weft shuttles 18 and 19 operate simultaneously, although not necessarily from the same side'ofthe loom, that is to say, one may, if desired, be thrown to the left, while the other is thrown 5 to the right. It is important, however, that both shuttles be thrown simultaneously so that there is in each pick one weft thread directly above the other.

, The sheds through which the shuttles are 1 thrown are formed above and below the filler warp f, the binder warps b and I) being, respectively, thrown upward and downward therefrom by the heddles B and B to provide the sheds X and Y. The filler warp may.

be carried on the beam 21, while the binder warp is carried on a beam 22.

It will, of course, be understood that the sheds change for each movement of the lay whereby the laid wefts are beaten into the fell of the fabric, and these wefts are changed by means of the harness controlling the several warps during the outward movement of the lay.

Figure 2, taken in connection with Figure 6, will be readily understood.

In Figure 2 I have marked the picks I, II, III; IV, V, VI, etc., which represents acomplete cycle of operation. This figure illustrates the improved weave.

By reference to Figure 6, I represents position or pick I; II represents position or pick II; III represents position or pick III, etc.

In Figure 2, pick I shows the pile warp p, at intermediate position or lying along the filler warp The binder warp b is at high position, and the binder warp b is at low position, while filler warp f is always at intermediate position.

While in this position the shuttles 18 and 19 are passed through the sheds X and Y formed by the filler and binder warps in order to lay the weft threads w and w. This is the position I shown in Figure 6. The lay 12 now moves forward to beat the wefts 'w and to into the fell of the fabric, the pile warp p remaining beneath the weft w and the binder warp b, and as the lay moves to the position shown, the heddles change to the position shown in II, Figure 6, whereby the pile warp is raised to high position, binder warp I) dropped to intermediate position, and binder warp I) held stationary at low position.

By referring now to Figure 4, it will be seen that the gauge 16 has been there shownto illustrate the manner in which the weft threads w extend across the gauges in ordgr to hold the pile thread at the desired height.

These gauges will, as before stated, be operated by the gauge heddle G and in practice Will be located at about every third or fourth griif.

In pick II the binder thread I) has been lowered to intermediate position and the pile thread p has been raised to form the upper part of the shed X and as the gauge was lowered in pick II, when the same is raised it will raise the weft thread to so as to pull out the pile thread 12 and provide the necessary loops for frieze or pile fabric.

Inpick III the heddles assume the same position as they were in pick I, heddle B raising binder b, jacquard J lowering pile 39 to intermediate position, and binder I) remaining stationary.

In pick IV the binder warps cross, heddle 13 drops binder warp b to low position, heddle B raises binder warp b to high osition, while pile 17 remains at interme iate position.

This causes a complete crossing of the binder warps and a secure fastening of the same into the fabric when the successive wefts are beaten into the fell of the fabric.

In pick V binder warp 6 remains stationary, binder warp 6 moves to intermediate position, and pile warp p raises to high position. I

Here again we have a recurrence of practically the samecondition as pick II, with the exception that the binder warps have been here reversed, but the pile warp p is raised beyond the binder'warps so that, upon the passing of the weft-thread w through the upper shed and over the gauges, the weft thread to will hold the pile warps raised above the body of the fabric.

In pick VI we have the same condition as in pick IV. From pick VI the binder warps again cross to pick I whereupon the cycle of operations is again carried out as just explained.

It will, of'course, be understood that with this form of weave the pile threads are always bound to the fabric by two weft threads, but in case it is desired, picks I and IV may be omitted and with that form of weave the pile threads would onlybe bound to the body of the fabric by a single weft strand, but in each instance there would be one weft thread I above the other, caused by the throwing of the two weft shuttles simultaneously.

It has been proven by experiment that the production of fabric by this method of weaving will increase in the proportion of about five to two and that the finished fabric will be strong and durable and possess many advantages over the former weaves.

Figure 5 is intended only to illustrate the cutting or shearing of the pile loops. Of course, these loops will not be cut with the weaving in open meshed condition, like that shown in Figure 5, but after the fabric has been compacted by means of the reed, so that this view is illustrative only.

With the formation of a double shed and the simultaneous operation of two weft shuttles, various fabrics may be woven so that modifications and changes in the method of weaving herein set forth maybe resorted to without departing from the invention herein described and hereafter claimed.

The invention is hereby claimed as follows:

1. The herein described process of weaving pile fabrics and the like by a continuous loom operation, with filler, binder, ile and weft threads, comprising the steps 0 forming double sheds by changing the relative positions of the binder and pile warps at every loom Y revolution, and simultaneously inserting two picks of weft thread at each change, certain Ill of the upper picks being raised for the purpose of supporting the pile threads.

2. The herein described process of weaving pile fabrics and the like with filler, binder,

pile and weft threads comprising the steps of maintaining the filler warp vertically stationary, then in connection therewith simultaneously forming two sheds by raising certain binder warps and lowering the other binder warps while holding the pile warp at intermediate position, then passing a weft thread simultaneously through each shed,

then lowering the raised binder warp to intermediate position and raising the pile warp to form a shed with the filler warp while maintaining the other warps in lowered position, and then again passing the weft threads simultaneously through each shed at each change.

3. The herein described process of weaving pile fabrics and the like with filler, binder,

pile and weft threads comprising the steps of maintaining the filler warp vertically stationary, then in connection therewith simultaneously forming two sheds by raising certain binder warps and lowering the other binder warps while holding the pile warp at intermediate position, then passing a weft thread simultaneously through each shed,

then lowering the raised binder warp to intermedi'ate position and raising the pile warp to form a shed with the filler warp while maintaining the other warps in lowered position, then again passing the weft threads simultaneously through each shed at each change, and changing the relative position of the binder and pile warps at each pick.

In testimony whereof we have signed our names to this specification.

JOSEPH ERKESL JOHN KREHBIEL.

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