US1712625A - Compressor or vacuum air pump - Google Patents

Description

May 14, 1929- F. LAwAczEcK 1,712,625

COMPRESSOR OR VACUUM AIR PUMP Filed Aug. 17, 192.6

m V 51m/vento@ Application tilted august it', lute. Serial lle., luttt llie present invention relates to air or gas compressors, Vacuum air pumps and the like, oi the kind in which a rotary wheel. or runner tilted with blades is traversed by a number e ot water jets which force before themselves in the manner oi a piston, and compress, the air, or gas which occupies the bieding-passages oi the runner between the several wateriets. ln such air pumps or compressors with le multiple partial admission the maintenance litt lill

ci airtightness between the air suction chamber and the pressure chamber occasions dit# licultics, for the danger arises--and this increases with the dillcrence ci pressure between pressure and suction chambers and is therefore especially great in the case ot Vacuum pumps-that the air may rush baclr trom the pressure chamber' into the suction cha' ber, and consequently, in the case et vacuum air pumps, may destroy the 1vacuum. The outlet end ot those cells el the partialbadmism sion runner the inlets ol which open towards the air-admission chambers must thereiore remain with certainty blocked with respect to the pressure chamber until the inlet end el the bladingcells is shut ed trom the air suction chamber by the entering weten y 'lo this end, according to tbe present inrention, tbe direction et the jet ci water which penetrates the runner has suchen inclination to the direction oil the bladingpassages et the runner that this jet ci water bloclrs the bleeding-cells in relating 'to the pressure chamber until the adjacent weten iet traversing the runner closesA the inlet portion el the cell occupied by the air to be compressed. orcorer, in order with more certainty to bloclr the said cells exposed to the pressurecliamber, according to tbe pres ent intention, it is prelerred that the outlet end ell the bieding-passages' el the runner between tbe watercutlet port and the adjacent compressed air port be in part covered in suoli manner that there still remains in the bieding-cells a layer ci wat/er held by centrilugal torce, which serres aupacb'ing er closure means between the pressure and suc tion (or Vacuum? elabora, The yolume ol water which, in t iis case, possibly reaches the pressure chamber can conveniently be separated in any desired meer trom the comn pressed air or the lilre.,

A@ne el the numerous possible emdinaents el' the present intention is shown by way el example in the accompanying VVdrawings, wherein big. 1 is a radial section ot a hydraulic air pump, the sectional plane being talren at right angles to the rotary axis oit the pump gud leing indicated by the line fle- B in Fig.

lliig. 2 is a vertical section, the sectinnalA plane including said anis and being indicated by the line lll in Fig. l..

Referring to the drawings, the casing l. carries in its interior the 'two bearings d, d el the shalt l on which is keyed a runner li which carries by means ol spolres a bladed wheel 6 provided with inclined blades l which lorm cellular chambers 8.,

drially arranged with respect to the shalt i, there are provided on the casing the pipe connections u and l0, el* which the lormer 9 serres tor-introducing water under pressure and the latter l0 for the inlet el the air or gas to be compressed. The annularpassage ll adjoining the pipe connection d divided into a number oit por or usuales-min the ea ample shown, into tour ol' the sama-which have such an inclination that the jet et water issuing trom them is inclined in the opposite direction to the blades l el the runner, so that each oi the tour jets ol water Hows outwardly through the ruimer li about at right angles to the blades l1 ln the example/shown, the runner is itseli rotated by these jets oi water issuing from the nasales i9. The said runner may however be driven externall although ,such an arrangement is less a rantageous since a paclring gland must then be prorided on the casing l el the machine at the place where the driving shalt emeresa Theb einn bodiment shown, on the other l and, `:aires no packing pland whatever, the avoiance ol which is o special importance in the event its being possible lor the outside air to penetrate through it into the vacuum of a'con denser to which the machine may be connected.,

a '.lbe ipe-connection lll for introducing the air to e compressed is connected, through the spolres el t ie Wheel Il, to tlie intermediate chambers i3 between the water-jet nozzles 12,.

Each waterdet ld, which widens outwardly in accordance with its reduction of' energy, not only in the radial plane of Fig.. l, but, owing to the correspondin widening of! the bieding'- chambers d pretura ly also in the axial plane liti lll

lili

lll

liti

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of Fig. 2 at right angles to the former plane, is for the greater part caught when 1t issues from the outer periphery of the bladingpassages 8 by the-ports 15 which, by being vsuitably curved, all unite in the water-outlet pipe-connection 17.

Located between the ports 15 atthe outer periphery of the blading-passages' 8 of the runner are provided ports 16 for the compressed air, which are connected to ducts uniting in the compressed-air pipe-connection 20.

The mode of operation of the machine is as follows y The pressure-water which enters through the pipe-connection 9 and the annular duct y11, and is divided by thenozzle 12 into four jets, sets the runner 5 in rotation. Each water-jet 14 thereby roughly takes the form shown in Fig. 1 in flowing outwardly through the blading-passages 7, 8 of the runner. The blades 7 therefore cut through each waterjet which at times fills only 'a portion of the cell-chamber 8. After crossing the water-jet 14 the inner or suction end of the cell 8 becomes connected with the air-suction chamber 13 located between two jets, so that each Cell 8, to the extent to which it passes out of the jets 14, becomes occupied by or charged with the air or the like to be compressed. On further rotation, the inner or suction end of the cell 8 enters the water-jet 14 next following which cuts off thecell from the air-suction chamber. On still further rotation of the wheel, this water-'j et compressesv the air presl ent in the cell 8 .and ,removes it uniformly from the interior of the cell 8 into the compressed-air chamber 16.

In order to guarantee that in any case no connection can occur between the compressedair chamber 16 and the suction chamber 13,'in

laccordance with the present invention, the

water-jets 14, on the one hand, and the oppositely directed blades 7, on the other hand, lare .so-inclined (to one another that each waterj et 14 blocks the blading-cells 8 in relation to the compressed-air chamber 16 until the nextfollowing water-j et 14 to be crossed by the cells during the rotation of the wheel 5 blocks that inlet portion of the cell 8 which is situated at the inner' eriphery ofthe runner. It will be observed `ihr example, respecting the runnercells 81 of Fig. 1 that the end of a cell located at the outer periphery of the runner 5`is still closed by the ortion 141 ofthe water-jet 14 just crossed, while the portion 14 of the water-jet new to be crossed has already Aclosed the inner or suction end of the cell 81 by the air in the middle of the cells length. being shut in by water on both sides.

It is recommended to maintain as long as possible the closure of each cell at its outlet end. To this end, there is connected, to that wall of each nozzle 15 which receives the water jet 14 traversing the runner, a further wall-element 18 which somewhat screens the outlet end of the runner-cell 8 from the compressed air chamber. A portion of the issuing jet' of water 14 is pressed by centrifugal force against this covering wall 18 and in this way closes the outlet end of the cells 8 themselves if a high vacuum in the air suction chamber 13 should tend to draw this water inwards. The small mass of water 19 which in this case possibly reaches the compressed air chamber can be separated in any desired manner from the compressed air or the like.

I claim 1. An air pump of the kind described, comprising a runner having a plurality of blades which form inclined blading-cells, and a casing having air and pressure-water inlets and outlets coacting with said runner, a water-inlet and a water-outlet for directing each jet of water between front and rear air-inlets and front and rear air-outlets, 'and for giving to said jet such an inclination to the bladingcells that the cells connecting a front inner air-inlet with a rear air-outlet are blocked by said jets, while the cell immediately in front of said cells is blocked not only by said jet but also by the jet in advance.

2. An air pump of the kind described, comprising a runner having a plurality of blades which form inclined blading-cells, and a casing having air and pressure-water inlets and outlets coacting with said runner, a water inlet 'and a water-outlet for directing each jet of water between front and rear air-inlets and front andrear air-outlets, and for giving to said jet such an inclination to the blading-cells that the cells connecting a front inner air-inlet with a rear air-outlet are blocked by said jets, while the cell immediately in front of said cells is blocked not only by said jet but also by the jet in advance, said casing also having aV circumferential wall covering the bladingcells located between each water-outlet and the air-outlet immediately in advance of the Same.

3. An air pump of the kind described, comprising a runner having a plurality of blades which form inclined blaclng-cells, and a casing having air and pressure-water inlets and outlets coacting with said runner, s, water-inlet and a water-outlet for directing each jet of water between front and rear airinlets and front and rear air-outlets, and for giving to said jet such an inclination to the lading-cells that the cells connecting a front inner air-inlet with a rear air-outlet are blocked by said jets, while the cell immediately in front of said cells is blocked not only ,byy said jet but also by the jet in advance, the first-named jet of water being inclined in the opposite direction to the blades of the runner.

4. An air pump of the kind described, comprising a runner having a plurality of blades which form inclined blading-cells, and a casing having air and pressure-water inlets and outlets eoacting with said ruimer, a water inlet and a wateroutlet for directing each jet of water between front and rear air-inlets and front and rear air-outlets, andor giving to said jet such an inclination to the bladingcells that the cells connecting a front inner air-inlet with a rear air-outlet are blocked by said jets, While the cell immediately in front of said cells is blocked .not only by said jet but also by the 'et in advance, said casing alsoV having a circumferential wall covering the blading-cells located between each water-outlet and the air-outlet immediately in advance of the same, the first-named jet of water being inclined in the opposite direction to the blades of the runner.

5. A pump comprising a casing having separate delivery ports for air and water, a bladed wheel rotatable in said casing, supply means cooperating with one edge of said wheel for the supply of alternating plugs of water and air thereto, and a plurality of separate water and air-discharge ports cooperatingwith the opposite edge of said wheel for the separate delivery of the air and water to said casing.

6. A pump comprising a casing having separate delivery ports for air and water, a bladed wheel rotatable in said casing, alternating Water and air inlets cooperating with one edge of said wheel for the supply of alternating plugs of water and air thereto, a plurality of alternating Water and air discharge ports cooperating with the opposite edge of said wheel for the separate delivery ofthe air and Water to said casing.

7. A pump comprising a casing having separate delivery ports for air and water, a bladed wheel rotatable in said casing, alternating water and air inlet-s cooperating with the inner periphery of said wheel for the sup- 'ply of alternating plugs of water and air thereto, and a plurality of Separate water and air discharge orts cooperating with the outer periphery oi) said wheel for the separate delivery of the air and water to said casing.

8. A pump comprising a casing having separate delivery ports for air and water, a bladed wheel rotatable in said casing, alternatingwater and air inlets cooperating with the inner periphery of said wheel, a plurality of separateAvatcr and` air discharge orts cooperating with the outer periphery o said wheel for the separate delivery of the air and water to said casing, and means between said water and air outlets to retain a small portion of water in said wheel under centrifugal force.-

9. A pump comprising a casing having separate delivery ports for air and water, a wheel having inclined blades rotatable in said casing, a plurality of nozzles suppl ing water under pressure to the inner perip iery of said wheel and inclined oppositely to the inclination of said blades, anv air supply passage connecting with the spaces formed between said water supply nozzles, and a plurality of separate Water-and air discharge ports cooperating with the outer periphery of said wheel for the separate delivery of the air and water to said casing.

10. A 'pump comprising a casing having separate delivery ports for air and water, a wheel having inclined blades rotatable in said casing, a plurality of nozzles supplying waterI under pressure to the inner periphery of said wheel and inclined oppositely to the inclina- .tion of said blades, an air supply passage connecting with the spaces formed between said v waterlsupply nozzles, a plurality of separate water and air discharge ports cooperating with the outer periphery of said wheel for the separate delivery of the air and water to' FRANZ LAWACZECK.

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