US1710000A - Colloidal mordant bath and process of making it - Google Patents

Description

Patented Apr. 23, 1929.

1mm. aa'xatonn OF, STATE eoLLneE," mammalian I No Drawing.

This invention relates to the dyeing of cotton, silk, wool, and other materials, and to the weighting of silk and the like, and it has as an object to simplify the process of, and to shorten the time required for, bringing the dyed material to the final color or shade de sired.

Although the invention is not limited to employment of any particular form of dye and the process of its use, reference is made to Turkey-red dyeing as an example of the time required, and the meticulous care that has to be exercised, in the carrying on of dyeing operations as heretofore performed. 7

In brief, the process of Turkey-red dyeing as commonly practiced may be summarized as follows: (1) the fiber is bleached; (2) some soap-forming oil is adsorbed on the fiber; (3) the oil is saponified on the fiber;

(4) the excess soap and oil are removed from the fiber (5) the soap-containing fiber ad- ,sorbs, alumina (6) the alumina adsorbs cal- .cium alizarate (7 theclearing 0perationremoves dirt, increases the size of the calcium ahzarate particles, and varnishes the. dyed V fiber with a very thin film of tin soap, where- I by the brilliancy and fastness of the-dye are,

wincreased.

In Turkey-red v(lyeing as commonlyipracthe fiber; the, relation of: the, metallic mordant to the fixing agent; the relation of the dye to the metallic mordant, and the brightening operation. Furthermore, the

fixing of the metallic mordant on the fiber is the most clumsy, unscientific, and lengthy- Sincealumina-adsorbs soap from soap solu-i tions, and soap with aluminum salt solutions forms a colloidal complex of alumina and fatty acid, the problem of simplifying, and of'shortening the time required for the dyeing of fiber-and other materials resolves itself into the preparation of, and the invention accordingly provides for a colloidal'solution of aluminum. or other suitable metalhe salt and a fixing agent suchas soap, soap forming materials, tannin, sulphonated oils, or their equivalents, and then fixing such a coLLoInA monnnn'r BATH Ann rnocnssj or" ma as fir.

Application filed December 14, 1927. Serial No. 240,078.

,ticed, there are four factors to consider; namcly-ztgTherelation of the fixing agent to sium iodide solution, thesilver-ioedid viodide solution, for "example 20.5 c-

'sorpt-ion' of the excess" iodid colloid solutions are milky an colloid ,on the fiber, g suitable stabilizing.

agent, such, for example, as gelatineand glues, casein, gum arabic, etc., maybe added, if desired. The prior art shows, in the steps, pertaining to dyeing, the precipitation of metallie fio salts from true solutions onto thefiber'ybut this invention is characterized by the employment, in a single bath, of a colloid solution of a metallic mordant and a fixing agent, in the fixing of the mordant in colloid form on the material. Colloidal particles are the best adsorbents for dyes. r

A true solution is one in which the solute is dispersed in the solvent in molecular or ionic condition; for example, sodiumchlo ride dissolved in water, where there-are some sodium ions, some chlorineionsfand some undissociated sodium cl1loride;f;f ,The particles are too small to be seenflwith the naked eye or with a powerful miscroscope '75 with any sort of illumination. i

In colloidalsolutions, the particles aie'inot molecular orionic; for example,'silver, iodide as prepared from 0.05 normalsolut 1" silver nitrate and potassium iodide. f ne adds from a 'burette'; while stirring, 20""c'c. of silver nitrate solution -to an equivalent a'mountof 20 cc; of potassium 'iodide 'solfution, the preeipitatedsilver iodide coagulafes and settles out. This is not a stable colloid s5 solution." If to another beaker containing a slight excess of silver nitrate solution, "for example 20.5 00., one adds 20 cc.-of-* p'otasremains in suspension as a p'ositi'v tolldidf eo having been stabilized by'theadsorptioiibf the excess of silver ions." This is 'a colloidal solution of silver iodide; Furthermorm fif one adds slowly and With stirring 20icciof silver nitrate to a slight excess of potasfsiurln' efi loidal suspension of silver iodide that has a negative charge, 'du' toth'e escence strongly. v t, In other words, colloid soluti in which the dispersed media as many molecules bound t'ogethe particle possesses an electricafch'a' 1 present d the s f'S :ilar to an ion,but it hasnot theproperties of an ion ormoleculei Tli col'loi'dalparticle is correspondinglylarger than the molecule or ion. The individual" articlefeannot' be seen with the naked eye, It? can'be observed im -tussah silk, wild s1 only with a microscope by dark field illumination, and it shows Brownian movement. Such solutions exhibit strongly opalescence; they do not settle, and they cannot be filtered out by filter-papers, but they may be filtered with ultra filters. 7

Therefore the mordant bath of this invention, being a colloidal solution, is milkyand exhibits opalescence strongly. The mordant element thereof is adsorbed strongly by the fiber or other material to be mordanted, and when freshly applied it cannot be washed by Tnpre water from the mordanted material.

e proportions and concentrations of the ingredients may be varied through any range where a suitable colloid solution is formed, as well as the kind of salts, the kind of dye used to produce the desired color, and the temperatures at which the mordant is applied and fixed.

The metallic salts of the weakly dissociated acids, such as acetates, tartrates, citrates, lactates, etc., form the most suitable colloids, and they may be used advantageously and they are taken up readily by the material being treated, but. they are not the only ones that may be employed satisfactorily.

The mordant may be applied by dipping the material (which may be wetor dry, but

y allowing the material to stand for a time in the bath, or by spraying, or by any other suitable method. The mordant may be fixed by heating in an air or gas filled oven, or in hot water, or in any suitable hot or cold solution. The mordant may be applied at room temperature or at any other suitable temperature. The loosely-held excess mordant may be removed by washing in water or other suitable medium before the mordant is fixed on the material by heat.

The mordant may be used before the dyeing operation for taking the dye; or it may be applied after the dyeing operation, in order to bri hten the color of the dyed material, and t e better to fix the dye on the material, and to protect the dye from bleeding and the action of gases, washing preparations, and other chemicals.

The mordant made in accordance with this invention from suitable metallic salts or mixture of metallic salts maybe used for the weighting or loading of silk, waterproofing fa 'ric, or in the tanning of hides and skins. It leaves the material soft and flexible and dyed a more even and uniform color, and it does not leave within the material chemicals that would cause its deterioration.

The metallic mordant and fixing agent in a colloidal solution may be applied in one bath to cotton, mercerized cotton, kapok,

linen, hemp, ramiehjiute, wool, mohair, silk, rayon,'leather, hides,

preferably wet) into the mordant bath, or

more lustrous color is obtained. It is best fixed by hot liquids or solutions; hot water is excellent.

Following is an example of one way of preparing and using a mordant bath, in accordance with this invention, in a short process of dyeing Turkey-red:

An aluminum soap colloid mordant bath isprepared from aluminum acetate and sodium oleate, as by adding in the proportions of 25 cc. of a tenth normal aqueous solution of sodium oleate very slowly to 100 cc. of a two-tenths normal solution of aluminum actate while stirring the mixture.

As shown, for example, in the case of silver iodide, the most stable colloidal solutions are formed when the fixing agents, such as soap, soap-forming materials, tannins, sulphonated oils, or their equivalents, are not present in equivalent quantities; and, moreover, it is better to add slowly the ingredient of lesser concentration to the one with the greater concentration, meanwhile stirring well the mixture.

In order further to explain: Suppose one has solutions of sodium oleate and aluminum acetate, each one-tenth normal, equal quantities of these sodium oleate and aluminum acetate solutions do not form a very stable colloidal solution; but a stable colloidal solution results, if, for example, 25 cc. of the sodium oleate solution be added very slowly to 200 cc. of the aluminum acetate solution while being well stirred, or a stable colloidal solution is formed, if, for example, 25 cc. of the aluminum acetate solution be added slowly to 200 cc. of the sodium oleate solution while being well stirred. I do'not restrict myself to the exact proportions given in the foregoing examples or to the. exact method of preparing the colloidal solution set forth.

The material to be treated is soaked in water and dipped into the mordant bath, rinsed in pure water, and dipped into boiling water; and the process is repeated until the ggsired amount of mordant is fixedon the er. The material then is ready for the dye without further treatment, it may be dyed with alizarin G in the presence of calcium acetate, and-it may be brightened by again mordanting in the mordant bath, and steamed. A beautiful Turkey-red color results that is just as bright, and as fast to light, washing, and so on, as any produced by the old-time method.

No strong clearing solution is needed to brighten this color, as there is no excess of oil to remove, and there is practically no way for the material to accumulate dirt during the two operations. Consequently, the goods may be steamed or boiled with water until the particles of calcium alizarate have increased to such a size as to produce a brighter red color.

In the weightingor loading of silk in accordance with this invention, any suitable metallic salt and any suitable soluble soap or its equivalent may be used; for example, the following, in proportions stated: 25 cc. of a tenth normal aqueous solution of sodium oleate is added to 100 cc. of a two-tenths normal aqueous solution of stannous or stannic acetate, and thus forming a colloidal bath. The silk is washed in Water, dipped into the bath, rinsed in pure water, and dipped into boiling water; and the process repeated until the desired amount of mordant is fixed to the fiber. The silk now is Weighted and ready for dyeing Without further treatment.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. A mordant bath comprising a colloidal solution of metallic salt and a fixing agent.

2. A mordant bath comprising a-colloidal solution of metallic salt and a fixing agent, and a stabilizing agent.

3. A mordant bath comprising a colloidal solution of metallic acetate and a fixing agent.

4. A mordant bath comprising a colloidal solution of metallic acetate and a fixing agent, and a stabilizing agent.

5. A mordant bath comprising a colloidal solution of metallic salt and oleate.

6. A mordant bath comprising a colloidal solution of metallic salt of weakly dissociated acid and a fixing agent.

7. A mordant bath comprising a colloidal solution of metallic salt of weakly dissociated acid and an oleate.

8. A mordant bath comprising a colloidal solution of metallic acetate and oleate.

9. A mordant bath comprising a strongly opalescent colloidal solution of aluminum acetate and an oleate.

10. A soap colloid mordant bath comprising in colloidal solution metallic salt'and sodium oleate.

11. A soap colloid mordant bath comprising in colloidal solution metallic salt of weakly dissociated acid and sodium oleate.

12. A soap colloid mordant bath comprising in colloidal solution metallic acetate and sodium oleate.

13. A soap colloid mordant bath comprising in colloidal solution aluminum acetate and sodium oleate.

1 1. A mordant bath comprising a colloidal solution of mixture of metallic salts and a fixing agent.

15. The process of making a stable colloid mordant bath that comprises the taking of solutions of metallic salt and a fixing agent of different concentrations, and adding the solution of lesser concentration to the solution of greater concentration while agitatmg.

16. The process of making a stable colloid mordant bath that comprises the taking of solutions of metallic salt and a fixing agent of different concentrations, and adding a lesser amount of the solution of lesser concentration to a greater amount of the solution of greater concentration While agitating.

17. The process of making a stable colloid mordant bath that comprises the taking of solutions of metallic acetate and oleate of diiferent concentrations, and adding the solution of lesser concentration to the solution of greater concentration While agitatin LYTLE RAYMOND PARKS.

(T In testimony whereof I afiix my signature.