US1708626A - Refrigeration - Google Patents

Description

April 9, 1929- 1 A. v. LIVINGSTON 1,708,626

REFRIGERATION Filed March 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR J1 j r 11 a! f ATTORNEY April 1929- v A. v. LIVINGSTON 1,708,626

REFRIGERATION Filed March 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR M ul/m5;

ATTORNEY Patented Apr. 9, 1929;

4 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

-ALA;N VARLEY. LIVINGSTON, OF NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOB TO THE SAFETY CAR HEATING & LIGHTING COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

REFRIGERATION.

Application filed March 7, 1825. Serial No. 13;703.

This invention relates to cooling or refrigerating apparatus and more particularly ,to apparatus of this character intended for household use. i

One of the objects of this invention is to provide a thoroughly practical and dependable refrigerating apparatus, of simple and compact construction and of dependable action throughout long periods of use. Another object is to provide refrigerating apparatus of the above type which will be of fully automatic action, of dependable control and 'in certain parts of which certain desirable characteristics of the polyphase electric motor may be advantageously utilized, even though the source of supply of energy is single phase, as 1s not unusual in the distribution of electrical energy over the usual two-wire circuits. Another object is to provide apractical' and dependable power drive for refrigerating apparatus of the above-mentioned character and to provide a complete and unitary refrigerating equipment well adapted to meet the conditions of long-continned use without necessitating manual attention. Other objects will be in part obvious or in part pointed out hereinafter.

The invention accordingly consists in the features of construction, combinations of elements, and arrangements of parts as will be exemplified in the structure to be hereinafter described and the scope of the application of which will be indicated in the following claims.

1n the accompanying drawings in which is shown-one of various possible embodiments of this invention,

Figure 1 is a side elevation of the apparatus in assembled relation, certain parts being shown in section and certain other parts being broken away in order to show the construction and arrangement more clearly.

Figure 2 is a central vertical sectional view of amotor-compressor unit forming part'of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1, this sectional view of Figure 2 being shown on a larger scale.

Figure 3 is a diagrammatic representation of the driving units of the apparatus, of the control apparatus and of the circuits there for.

Figure 4 is a diagrammatic representation ,similar to that of Figure 3 but showing a modified form of certain features of my invention.

Similar reference characters refer to similar parts throughout the several views of the drawing.

As conducive to a clearer understanding of certain features of this invention and referring first to Figure 1 of the drawings, it may first be noted that the cooling or refrigerating apparatus is shown in Figure 1 in the form of a water cooler arranged for dispensing cooled drinking water; in Figure 1 the apparatus will be seen to be suitably mounted upon and supported by a skeleton frame work. This skeleton frame work may comprise a bottom ring-member 10 provided with suitable legs 11 adapted to rest upon the floor and having connected thereto in any suitable manner a number of vertically extending upright members 12 supporting at their upper ends the ring-like frame member 13. From this ring-like member 13 there extend upwardly but inclined inwardly a suitable number of supporting members 14 at the upper ends of which is secured a plate member 15. This plate member 15 carries the heat exchange device and the latter may comprise a cooling or expansion coil 16 arranged in any suitable manner to be in intimate thermal contact with a container 17, the latter being provided with a suitable outlet or faneet 18 for withdrawing the cooled contents therefrom. The cooling coil 16 and the container 17 may be housed, or supported, within a suitable retaining or supporting container 19 between which and an outer casing member 20, supported upon the plate member 15 is packed a suitable heat insulating material generally indicated at 21.

Resting upon the upper ends of the members 19 and 20 is a ring-like member 22 shaped at its upper end to provide a seat for a rubbcr ring 23, thus to receive and hold in in verted position a water bottle 24, the neck of which extends downwardly into the containor 17 to maintain a substantially constant amount of water or liquid to be cooled within the container 17,

Theexpansion coil 16 is arranged to have expanded into it a suitable refrigerant or cooling fluid which may take the form, for exam 1', of sulphur dioxide. The sulphur dioxi e or refrigerant may be expanded into the cooling coil 16 from an expansion device generally indicated at 25 and connect (1 to the coil-16 as by the pipe 26; after passing through the coil 16 and obtaining lts heat of evaporation from the contents of the containh er 17 the relatively warm refrigerant passes from the coil 16 through the pipe 27 to the intake side or port of a compressor generally indicated at 29, there to be compressed, subsequently cooled and liquefied, as in the condenser coils generally indicated at 30, and thus to be conditioned for the repetition of the above-mentioned cycle.

The compressor 29 is preferably enclosed with its prime mover Within a fluid-tight casing generally indicated at 31,.this casing being provided with a suitable number of radially extending heat radiating fins 32 and provided with suitable lugs 33 adapted to rest upon and to be secured to the ring-like member 13 of the main frame. These heat radiating fins 32 are preferably of progressively greater expanse in a radial direction as their lower ends are approached, and may con veniently form a tapered support about which the condenser coils 30 are positioned.

In order that the construction and arrangement of the prime mover-compressor unit may be more clearly understood, these parts, together with certain details thereof, are shown on enlarged scale on vertical section in Fi re 2. Turning now to Figure 2,'the fluidtig t casing generally indicated at 31,,will be seen to comprise an upper shell 31 within which is housed the driving motor preferably taking the form of a polyphase induction motor. In this preferred form, the motor may comprise a rotor 34 supported upon a shaft 35 for rotation therewith and a stator,

the ma-gnetic-circuit-forming part thereof being indicated at 36, and the polyphase windings being generally indicated at 37., With this arrangement, the motor is free from rotating contacting portions, such as slip rings or commutators, the advantages of which arrangement will be pointed out more clearly hereinafter. The energized windings will be seen to be supported upon thestationary part of the motor, and electrical energy may be supplied thereto through a suitable number of binding posts passing through the shell 31 in fluid-tight'rela tion therewith. This binding post construction may take any suitable form, and one of these binding posts is generallyindicated at 38.

The lower end of the shell 31" is closed by means of a flange member 31 secured to the shell 31 as by means of the screws 39, and upon the underside of the flange member 31 is formed a lower compartment in which are housed the operative portions of the compressor generally indicated at 39. Thus, the member 31 may be extended downwardly as at 40, and upon this extension 40 are secured, as by the cap screws 41, the outer casing of the compressor 29, a cylindrically shaped member 42 and an end-closing cap 43 to form a lower compartment for the fluid-tight casing 31 within which is housed and made opshaft 35 being supported in a suitable ball bearing generally indicated at 45.

The ball bearing 45 and the moving parts of the compressor'29 are lubricated by means of a suitable lubricant which may take the form of glycerine or of a suitable oil if the refrigerant is ethyl-chloride or sulphur-dioxide, respectively. During the operation of the compressor, lubricant will be passed off with the compressed refrigerant, and passing upwardly through the pipe 46 (see Fig. 1) connected to the outlet of the compressor 29 passes with the refrigerant through the condenser coil 30; a suitable cooling fluid, as hereinafter more clearly described, is passed in thermal contact with the condenser 30 so as to condense or liquefy the compressed refrigerant, the condensed refrigerant passing with the lubricant from the condenser coil 30 through the pipe 47 into a receiver 48 suitably supported upon the lower ring-like member 10 of the main frame. In this receiver 48 a separation takes place between the condensed refrigerant and the lubricant by reason of their difference in density, a pipe 49 leading from below the refrigerant level in the receiver 48 to the expansion device 25 to supply the cooling coil 16 with expanded refrigerant; a pipe 50, extending from below the lubricant level within the receiver 48 returns the lubricant to the ball bearing 45 and the moving parts of the compressor (see Fig. 2). Thus, these last-mentioned moving parts may be dependably supplied with lubricant.

The upper compartment of the fluid-tight casing 31 and within which upper compartment is housed the motor 3436 is sealed from the lower compartment of the casing 31 withiii which lower compartment is housed the compressor. This sealing arrangement preferably takes the form of a hardened steel bearing ring 51 fixedly seated withina late member 52 secured to the inner side 0 the flange member 31". In rotating contact with this bearing ring 51 is a like bearing ring 53 fixedly seated within the supporting member 54 secured to the lower end of an expansible sleeve member 55 the upper end of th1s sleeve 55 is secured to the collar 56 fixedly secured in fluid-tight relation to the shaft 35. The expanding tendency of the sleeve 55 may be supplemented, if desired, by means of a coil spring 57 interposed between the members 54 and 56; thus, as the motor shaft 35 rotates, the bearing rings 53 and 51 are held in fluidtight relation and thus prevent the passage of III , erant gas, should any be contained within the it is trapped within this upper compartment, there being ultimately established a balance of pressures bet-ween the gas within the upper compartment and the gas undergoing compression within the compressor compartment. The motor being free from exposed and relatively moving contacts is incapable of producing any sparking, and is thus prevented from initiating combristion or explosion and hence endangering the apparatus.

The upper end of the shaft is supported by a ball bearing generally indicated at 58, the outer race of which is supported within the upwardly directed extension 59 of the shell 3 H Secured to the under and inner end side of the extension 59 is a plate member 60 to which is secured in fluid-tight relation an expansible sleeve 61 carrying at its lower end in the supporting member 62 a bearing ring (33, of hardened steel, for example. This bearing ring 63 is held against a bearing ring til, rigidly secured to the shaft 35, by the expanding tendency ofthe sleeve 31, the action of which may be supplemented by; means of the coil spring 65, if desired. The relatively rotating bearing rings 6364c thus form an effective seal to prevent movement of refrigup'per compartment of the casing 61, into the upper bearing housing and likewise prevent movement in reverse direction of lubricant.

, The lubricant for the bearing 58 preferably takes the form of a heavy oil or grease, a cap 66 permitting the packing of the bearing with an ample quantity of this lubricant. The cap 66 is held in position by means of the cap screws 67 and forms a fluid-tight seal for the upper end opening of the casing 31. Thus, escape of refrigerant is effectively prevented, while at the same time an effective lubrication of the moving parts is assured throughout long continued periods of use.

The parts forming the lower compartment of the fluid-tight casing'3l, and within which lower compartment are housed the moving parts of the compressor, are provided with radially extending radiating fins 68 (see also Fig. 1). Suspended from the ring member 13 of the frame is a sheet metal guide member 69 in the shape of a frustum of a cone, open at the top and at the bottom. A blower or fan 70 is positioned at the lower opening of the guide member 69, and upon being rotated by the prime mover generally indicated at 71 acts to throw air outwardly in asubstantially transverse direction, thus causing a rarification of the atmosphere within the guide member 69, and thus causing a downward movement of air through the guide member 69. By

a like action, the air is drawn inwardly through suitable openings 7 2 in the upper casing member 37 which surrounds the condenser coil 30, and thus the air is passed in thermal contact with the condenser coils 30 to bring about a condensation of the refrigerant therein, in thermal contact with the radiating fins 32 of the casing 31, thus to prevent abnormal rises in temperature in the con'ipressor-motor, and also in thermal contact with the compressor compartn'ient itself. The air discharged by the fan may find its exit through the bottom of the appa 'atus.

The prime mover 71 for driving the fan 70 is suitably supported within the lower portions of the frame, and is preferably mounted so that its shaft extends vertically to permit the direct mounting upon the shaft of the fan 7 0 and to permit the latter thus to be positioned in operative relation to the lower end opening of the guide member 69. The prime mover 71 preferably takes the form of an electric rotary device arranged to be energized at appropriate input terminals from a source of alternating current, preferably single phase and hence supplied over a two-Wire circuit. This electric rotary device, furthermore, aside from driving the fan 70, is arranged to convert the single phase alternating current in which form the energy thereto is initially' supplied into polyphase alternating current, and hence is provided with appro-- priate output terminals to which may be connected the polyphase energizing windings 37 of the compressor motor 34.36 (see Fig. 2).

In Figure 3 of the drawings I have diagrammatically illustrated the prime mover 71 in the form of a phase converter arranged to convert the single phase alternating current supplied thereto into two-phase energy, the compressor motor hence taking the form of a two-phase motor. In Figure 3 a suitable source of single phase alternating current is indicated at 7 8, and from this source the energy is supplied to the apparatus by way of conductors 79.8(), a switch diagraminatically shown at being inserted in one of the conductors 80 for controlling the energy supplied from the source 78. This switch 7 5 is preferably thcrn'u'istatically controlled and in Figure 1 will be seen to be connected to a thermostatic vessel 7 6 through a pipe 77. The vessel 7 6 is arranged to be in intimate thermal contact with the contents of the container 17 so as to be responsive to temperature changes therein and the hydraulic system formed by the vessel 76, the pipe 77 and parts of the switch 75, may be charged with a suitable liquid, such as ethyl chloride, the changes in vapor tension of which in accordance with temperature changes being made eifective to open or close the circuit leading to the source of current 78. In this manner the supply of energy to the apparatus may be controlled in accordance with the temperature changes in the substance to be cooled.

The rotary device generally indicated at 71 convcniently be mounted upon the stator of the prime mover 71, and are displaced one with respect to the other preferably by nineoperate upon the one or main energizing winding 71*,and after thereafter continuing to have induced in the auxiliary winding 71 an alternating E. M. F. which will be substantially in quadrature with the alternating E. M. F. energizing the winding 71*.

The winding 71 is conveniently connected directly as by conductors 81-82 to one winding 37 d of the compressor motor 34., the latter being a two-phase motor and having hence another winding 37 appropriately displaced electrically as by ninety degrees from the winding 37 Preferably, also, the windings 37 d and 37 e of the motor 34 are disposed upon the stator compressor motor, the rotor 34 being preferably of squirrel-cage form. The winding 37 d of the compressor motor thus functions first as an appropriate impedance through which the starting winding 71 of the motor .71 is short-circuited and to bring about an initial flow of current in the corresponding circuit which current will be displaced sufficiently from the energizing current in the main winding 71 of the motor 71 to start the latter. Upon the motor 71 having reached normal speed and continuing its operation on the one winding 71 alone, the electrically displaced winding 71", however, will function as a source of alternating E. M. F. which E. M. F. will be in sub stantial quadrature with the E. M. F. of the source 78, and which, as will be clear from Figure 3, will be impressed upon the winding 37 d of the two-phase compressor motor.

. If the other winding 37 of the compressor motor were now to be energized by the alternating E. M. F. of the main line, the compressor motor will at once start and continue operation as a two-phase motor. The one terminal of the winding 37 will be seen-to be con nected by the conductor 83 to the main line conductor 79; the other terminal of this winding is connected by the conductor 84 to a stationary contact 85, and from another station'- ary contact 86' a conductor 87 leads to the other main line conductor 80. If the contacts 85-86 are" bridged, the winding 37 e of the compressor motor will be energized by the alternating' E. M. F. of the source 78.

: -.Coaeting with the contacts 85-86 is a contact disk 88 slidably mounted upon the shaft 71 of the motor 71; the movement of the contact disk 88 into bridging relation with respect to the fixed contacts 85-86 is controlled by a centrifugal device operated by the motor 71 and diagrammatically shown as supported upon and by the shaft 71 of the motor 71. This device is merely diagrammatically illustrated in Figure 3, and may take any suitable form, but in order that its action may be clearly understood, this device may be assumed to include a pair of arms 89-90 hingedly secured to a collar 91, fixed upon the shaft 71 and suitably weighted at their outer ends as at 89 and 90 respectively. The arms 89-90 are hingedly connected adjacent their outer ends to links 92-93 respectively, the other ends of these links being connected to the contact disk 88. A suitable spring 94: connecting the arms 89-90 tends to urge these arms inwardly and hence urge the contact disk 88 downwardly (as viewed in Figure 3) and hence in a direction away from the or tacts 85-86.

As soon, however, as the motor 71 has attained substantially full speed as hcreinabove described, the centrifugal forces acting through the weights 89-90 overcome the effect of the spring 94 and move the contact disk 88 upwardly to bridge the contacts 85-86 and hold these parts in good electrical contact throughout the further operation of the motor. This operation completes the circuit of the winding 37 of the compressor motor, and the other winding 37 of the latter having already been energized bya voltage which is in quadrature substantially with that of the source to which the winding 37 is now connected, the resultant rotating field produced in the compressor motor stator ef fects at once the starting of the compressor motor, the latter thereafter continuing to operate as a two-phase motor. At this point it might be noted that the high starting torque of the polyphasemotor is made effective to initiate the prompt operation of the compressor, the cooling device or fan having already been placed in operation.

The motor 71 acting as a phase converter will thus be seen to be permitted freely to achieve substantially normal speed without having imposed upon it an electrical load such as would be imposed upon a phase converter if the main winding 37 of the compressor motor 34 were not held open-circuited at contacts -86 as the motor 71 starts and increases in its speed; there is thus insured a more rapid starting of the motor 71. But as soon as the motor 71 has achieved normal speed and has thus been placed in better condition to carry an electrical load, the centrifugally controlled device completes the cir-.

cuit of the main winding 37 of the compressor motor so that the latter may be set in operation.

As soon as the refrigerant has been put through the cycle hereinbefore set forth for a suflicient length of time to bring the temperature of the substance to be cooled to the desired value, the switch 7 5 is operated to open the circuit leading from the source 78; the winding 71 of the motor 71 is thus deenergized as is also the winding 37 of the compressor motor, and both motors are thus stopped. But the stopping of the motor 71 further open-circuits the winding 37 of the compressor motor at the contacts 85-86, so that upon a subsequent closure of the switch 75 the compressor motor cannot be started unless the fan motor 71 is operable and brought up to substantially normal speed. Similarly should, during the normal operation of the apparatus, a failure of the prime mover 71 driving the fan 70 take place for any reason, the circuit of the winding 37 ofthe compressor motor is at once opened, and the compressor motor halted so that continued compression of refrigerant without at tending cooling of compressed refrigerant cannot take place. Thus, the apparatus is safeguarded against undesired action while as lun'einbcfore already noted, the polyphase character of the compressor motor permits the elimination of danger of explosion of refrigerant, gas, or a mixture thereof with the air within the upper com 'iartn'ient of the fluidtight casing 3i.

In Figure 4 I have illustrated diagrammatically a modified embodiment of certain features of this invention. In Figure 1 the compressor, motor 841 is shown as a three-phase motor having appropriate windings37, 37

and 37 preferably disposed upon the stator of the motor and appropriately displaced one with respect to the other. The prime mover 71 is arranged to convert single phase alternating current from the source .78 into three-phase alternating current for supplying the compressor motor 34. The prime mover 71 of Figure 1 may be of substantially the same form as that shown in Figure 3; it hence has a main winding 71 connected directly vto the main lineconductors 79-80 and an auxiliary winding 71" preferably displaced from the winding 71 by substantially ninety electrical degrees. The flow of energy in the conductors 7= 980 and to the parts connected thereto is controlled by the thern'iostatically controlled switch 75. y

The auxiliary or quadrature winding 71 of the phase converter 71 has one terminal thereof connected as by the conductor 95 to substantially'the mid-point of the winding 71, the two windings forming thus substantially a T-conncction. If voltages may be made effective in the wimlings 71 and 71 but in quadrature substantially with respect to one-another, then three-phase energy may be obtained from the three terminals of the T c'onnected windings 71 and 71 The windings of the compressor motor 34: may be and preferably are star or Y-connected; that is, one terminal of each of the windings 37 37 and 37 is connected to' a common point or neutral as by the conductor 96. A conductor 97 connects the remaining tern'iinal of the winding 37 'to conductor 80 (to which one terminal of the winding 71 is already connected), and a conductor 98 leads from the ren'iaining terminal of winding 37 to contact of the ccntrifugally controlled device operated by the phase converter 71, a conductor 99 connecting the other contact 86 of this device to the line conductor 79 (to which the other terminal of the winding 71 is already connected). The remaining terminal of winding 87 is connected as by conductor 100 to the winding 71 of the phase converter 71.

Assuming that a rise in temperature has caused a closure of the switch 75, it will be seen that winding 71 of the phase converter 71 is at once energized; in the quadrature winding 71" there will be made etl'ective a current flow substantially in quadrature with the current energizing the winding 71 and the two currents of these two windings togel-he! produce the necessary rotating field to start the rotation of the rotor 71 of the prime mover 71, and bring .it up to substantially full speed. This substantially quadrature current How in the winding 71 is brought about by reason of the fact that, upon the initial closure of the switch 75, currents induced in the winding 71" will be substantially displaced from those flowing in the winding 71", inasmuch as there is included in the circuit of winding 71 an appropriate impedance which conveniently takes the form of one or more of the windings of the compressor motor 34. More specifically, it will be seen that the circuit through which these currents induced in the winding 71 will flow will in-' clude winding 71", conductor 100, winding 37 of the compressor motor, conductor 96, winding 37 conductor 97, condnctor 80, part of winding 71, conductor and back to the winding 71*. The starting of the prime mover 71 driving the fan is thus effected, and the phase converter 71 rapidly comes up to substantially normal speed, but without having imposed upon it an electrical load, inasmuch as the circuit of one of the windings of the compressor motor is held open at the contacts 85-86 during the starting of the phase converter 71. As the latter achieves substantially normal speed, however, the con- ,tacts8586 are bridged by the contact disk 88 and the circuit of winding 37 of the compressor motor 34 is closed, thus in'iposing upon the converter 71 the electrical load represented by the polyphase moto 34.

The prime mover 71 having achieved substantially full speed, it will continue to operate upon the one winding 71 as a single phase motor supplied from the single phase source 78 of alternating current, but inasmuch as the auxiliary Winding 71" is displaced subofthe compressor motor being energized, the

motor at once start-s operation of the compressor, it being noted that the high starting torque characteristics of the polyphase motor are effectively utilized to initiate the action of the compressor While the three-phase windings may be disposed about the stator of'the compressor motor so as to permit the latter to be embodied in form free from rela tively moving contact members, such as slip rings and brushes or the like. By this latter feature of construction, and as already hereinbefore pointed out, the danger of initiating a combustion or explosion of gas or gases within the casing enclosing the motor and compressor is effectively avoided.

The refrigerating action of the apparatus may then proceed in a manner which is believed to be clear from the foregoing, but it may be pointed out that, should a failure of the prime mover 71 driving the cooling device or fan take place, the circuit of one of the polyphase windings of the compressor motor is interrupted at the contacts 85-86 and at the same time, due to the halting in the rotation of the rotor 71 of the phase converter, the quadrature Winding "('1 ceases to function as a source of quadrature E. M. F.

and without which the polyphase motor can not operate as such. Thus, it will be seen that continued compression of aefrigerant without accompanying cooling cannot take place, and the attendant dangers are thus effectively precluded from arising.

The opening of the switch 75 upon a subsequent reduction in the temperature due to the refrigerating action of the apparatus after the prime movers have been once set in operation will, furthermore, be seen to cut off the source of initial energy supply such as the alternator 78, and cause a halting of the apparatus.

' It will thus be seen that there has been provided in this invention an apparatus in which the several objects hereinbefore noted, as Well as many thoroughly practical advantages, are achieved. It will be seen that the apparatus provided is of thoroughly reliable action, is of simple construction, and is well adapted to meet the varied conditions of hard and long-continued practical use. It Will beseen that, where the initial source of energy is single phase alternating current, the initial starting of the apparatus is achieved in a simple but thoroughly practical manner and with a minimum of auxiliary apparatuses or devices, thus contributing greatly to thorough reliability of action. It-will'moreover be seen that the many advantages of the polyphase motor may be effectively utilized to give the apparatus as a whole many desirable characteristics, and that this advantage may be achieved in a simple but dependable manner even though the initial source of energy sup ply is single phase alternating current.

As many possible embodiments may be made of the above invention and as many changes might be made in the embodiment above set forth, itis to be understood that all matter hereinbefore setforth or shown in the accompanying drawings, is to be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

I claim as my invention:

1. In apparatus of the nature of that herein described, in combination, a. compressor, a polyphase induction motor for driving said compressor, means forming a substantially fluid-tight casing having included therein said compressor and saidmotor, a condenser for receiving compressed fluid from said compressor, means for passing a cooling fluid in thermal contact with said condenser, means for driving said last-mentioned means and for supplying said motor with energy comprising rotary means adapted to be operated from a single phase source of alternating current and having a polyphase output connected to said motor for driving the latter, a cooling device for receiving condensed fluid from said condenser, and means responsive to the temperature of said cooling device for controlling the operation of said last-mentioned driving means.

2. In apparatus of the nature of that herein described, in combination, a compressor, a polyphase induction motor for driving said compressor, means formi'n a substantially fluid-tight casing having included therein said compressor and said motor, a condenser for receiving compressed fluid from said compressor, means-for passing a cooling fluid in thermal contact with said condenser, a phase converter having a single phase input and a polyphase output and connected to receive energy from a single phase source of alternating current and to supply polyphase energy to said polyphase induction motor, a cooling device for receiving condensed fluid from said condenser, and means responsive to the temperature of said cooling device for controlling the operation of said phase converter;

casing having included therein said compres sor and said motor, a condenser for receiving compressed fluid from said compressor, means for passing a cooling fluid in thermal contact with said condenser, phase converting means arranged to be energizedfrmn a single phase source of alternating current and to be. connected to said polyphase motor for driving the latter, said phase c .)1'1verting means including a rotary device for driving said firstmentioned means, a cooling device for receiving condensed fiuid "from said condenser, and means responsive to the temperature of said cooling device for controlling the operation of 'said rotary device.

4. In apparatus of the nature of that herein described, in combination, a compressor, a polyphase motor for driving said compressor, a condenser for receiving compressed fluid from said compressor, means for passing a cooling fluid in thermal contactwith said condenser, phase converting means arranged to be energized from a single phase source of alternating current and to be connected to said polyphase motor for driving the latter, said phase converting means including a ro tary device for driving said first-mentioned means, a cooling device for receiving condensed fluid from said condenser, and means responsive to the temperature of said cooling device for controlling the operation of said rotary device. I

5. In apparatus of the nature of that herein described, in combination, a compressor, means for passing a cooling fluid in thermal contact with said compressor, an electric rotary device for driving said last-mentioned means having input and output terminals, said device being arranged to receive at its input terminals single phase alternating current and to deliver at its output terminals polyphase alternating current, and a polyphase motor for driving said compressor and arranged to receive energy-from the output terminals of said rotary device.

6. In apparatus of the nature of that herein described, in combination, a compressor, a condenser for receiving compressed refrigerant from said compressor, means for passing a cooling fluid in thermal contact with said condenser, an electric rotary device for driving said last-mentioned means having input and output terminals, said device being arranged to receive at its input terminals single phase alternating current and to deliver at its output terminals polyphase alternating current, a polyphase motor for driving said compressorand arranged to receive energy from the output terminals of said rotary device, a heat exchange device for receiving condensed refrigerant, and means responsive to the temperature of said heat exchange device for controlling the-operation of said electric rotary device.

7.1K refrigerating system and apparatus having included therein two mechanically actuated devices, one of which is a compressor and the other of which includes a device for abstracting heat "from refrigerant compressed by said compressor, driving means for one of said devices comprising an electric rotary device having input and output terminals and arranged to receive at its input terminals alternating energy in single phase form and to deliver at its output terminals polyphase alternating current, and means for driving the other of said devices comprising a polyphase motor receiving energy from the output terminals of said electric rotary device.

8. In apparatus of the nature of that herein described, in combination, a compressor, a condenser for receiving compressed retrigerant "from said con'ipressor, means for passing a cooling fluid in thermal contact with said condenser, phase converting means adapted to receive single phase alternating current and to deliver polyphase alternating current and including a rotary device, said rotary device being connected to operate said cooling means, and a polyphase motor for driving said compressor and arranged to receive polyphase alternating current from said phase converting means.

9. A refrigerating system and apparatus having included therein two mechanically actuated devices, one of which is a compressor and the other of which includes a device for abstracting heat from refrigerant compressed by said (IOIIIPI'USSOI', driving means for, one of said devices comprising an electric rotary device having input and output terminals and arranged to receive at its input terminals alternating energy in single phase form and to deliver at its output terminals polyphase alternating current, means for (tlriving the other of said-devices comprising a polyphase motor receiving energy from the output terminals of said electric rotary device, and means forming a substantially flui d-tight casing for enclosing said compressor and the said driving means therefor.

10. In apparatus of the nature of that herein described, in combination, a compressor, a condenser for receiving compressed refrigerant from said compressor, means for passing a cooling fluid in thermal contact with said condenser, phase converting means adapted to receive single phase alternating current and to deliver polyphase alternating current and including a rotary device, said .rotary device being connected to operate said cooling means, a polyphase motor for driving said compressor and arranged to receive polyphase alternating current from said phase converting means, and means forming a substantially fluid-tight casing for enclosing said compressor and the said driving means therefor.

11. In apparatus of the nature of that herein described, in combination, a compressor,

a condenser for receiving compressed refrigerant from said compressor, means for passing a cooling fluid in thermal contact with said condenser, driving means for one of said devices comprising an electric rotary device having input and output terminals and arranged to receive at its input terminals alternating energy in single phase form and to deliver at its output terminals polyphase alternating current, means for driving the other of said devices comprising a polyphase motor receiving energy from the output terminals of said electric rotary device, a heat exchange device for receiving condensed refrigerant, and means responsive to the temperature of said heat exchange device for controlling the supply of single phase alternating current.

12. A refrigerating system and apparatus .having included therein two mechanically actuated devices, one of which is a compressor and the other of which includes a device for abstracting heat from refrigerant compressed by said compressor, a polyphase motor for driving one of said devices and a single phase motor for driving the other of said devices, and having a quadrature winding arranged to form with the single phase source supplying said single phase motor a polyphase sourceof alternating current for driving said polyphase motor.

13. In apparatus of the nature of that herein described, in combination, a compressor, a polyphase motor for driving said compressor, a condenser for receiving compressed refrigerant from said compressor, means for passing a cooling fluid in thermal contact with said condenser, and means for driving said last-mentioned means comprising a single phase motor adapted to be energized from a single phase source of alternating current and having a qnadrature' winding arranged to form with said source of single phase alternating current a polyphase source of alter nating current for supplying said polyphase motor.

14. A refrigerating system and apparatus having included therein two mechanically actuated devices, one of which is a compressor and the other of which includes a device for abstracting heat from refrigerant compressed by said compressor, a polyphase -motor for driving one of said devices, and'means for driving the other of said devices including a single phase motor arranged to be supplied with single phase alternating current and having a quadrature winding connected to one of the windings of said polyphase motor.

15. A refrigerating system and apparatus having included therein two' mechanically actuated devices, one of which is a compressor and the other of which includes a device for abstracting heat from refrigerant compressed by said compressor, a polyphase motor for driving one of said devices means for driving the other of said devices including stantially fluid-tight casing for enclosing said compressor and said motor, a condenser for receiving compressed refrigerant from said compressor, means for passing a cooling fluid in thermal contact with saidcondenser, means for operating said last-men: tioned means including a single phase motor arranged to be supplied with energy from a single phase source of alternating current and having a starting winding, and an impedance in circuit with said starting winding, said impedance including a winding of said enclosed polyphase motor.

17. In apparatus of the nature of that herein described, in combination, a compressor, a polyphase motor for driving said compressor, means forminga substantially fluid-tight casing for enclosing said compressor and said motor, a condenser for receiving compressed refrigerant from said compressor, means for passing a coolin fluid in thermal contact with said cond enser, means for operating said last-mentioned means including a single phase motor arranged vto be supplied with energy from a single phase source of alternating current and having a starting winding, an impedance in circuit with said starting winding, said impedance including a winding of said enclosed polyphase motor, a heat exchange device for receiving condensed refrigerant,

, and means responsive to the temperature of said heat exchange device for controlling the operation of said single phase motor.

18. A refrlgerating system and apparatus having included therein two mechanically actuated devices, one of which is a compressor aid the other of which includes a device for abstracting heat from refrigerant compressed by said compressor, a polyphase motor for driving one of said devices, phase converting means having input terminals for receiving single phase alternating current and having output terminals for delivering polyphase energy and including a rotary device for operating the other of said devices, and means for imposing said polyphase motor as a load upon said phase converting means but substantially only after said rotary device has, upon starting, achieved substantially normal speed.

19. A refrigerating system and apparatus having included therein two mechanically actuated devices, one of which is a compressor and the other of which includes a device for abstracting heat from refrigerant compressed by said compressor, a polyphase motor for driving one of said devices,\phase converting means arranged to be supplied with sin 'le phase alternating current and to deliver po phase alternatin motor and including a rotary device for driving the other of said devices, and meansrfor completing the polyphase circuit of said motor and controlled by said rotary device.

20. A refrigerating system and apparatus having included therein two mechanica ly actuated devices, one of which is a compressor and the other of which includes a device for abstracting heat from refrigerant compressed by said compressor, a polyphase motor for driving one of said devices, phase converting means arranged to be supplied with single phase alternating current and to deliver p0 phase alternating current for driving said motor and including a rotary device for driv- -ing the otherof said devices, and a centrifugal device operated by said rotary de vice for controlling the polyphase circuit of said motor.

21. A refrigerating systemand apparatus having included therein two mechanically actuated devices, one of which is a compressor and the other of which includes .a device for abstracting heat from refrigerant compressed by said compressor, a polyphase motor for driving one of said devices, a single phase motor for driving the other of said devices, and having a starting winding connected in a circuit in which is included a winding of said polyphase motor, and means controlled by said single phase motor for controlling the connection of another winding of said polyphase motor.

22. A refrigerating system and apparatus having included therein two mechanically actuated devices, one of which is a compressor and the other of which includes a device for abstracting heat from refrigerant compressed by said compressor, a polyphase motor for driving one of said devices, a single phase motor for driving the other of said devices and having a starting winding connected in a' circuit in which is included a winding of said polyphase motor, and a device respons ive substantially to the speed of said single phase motor for controlling the circuit of another winding of said polyphase motor.

23.-'In apparatus of the nature of that herein described, in combination, a compressor, a polyphase motor for driving said compressor, a condenser forreceiving compressed refrigerant from said compressor, means for passing a cooling fluid in thermal current for driving said contact with said condenser, means for driving said last-mentioned means including a single phase motor, arranged to receive en ergy from a single phase source of alternating current and having a starting winding connected in a circuit in which is included a winding of said polyphase motor,'means controlled by the operation of said single phase motor for controlling the circuit of another winding of said polyphase motor, a heat exchange device adapted to receive condensed refrigerant, and means responsive to the temperature of said heat exchange device for controlling the operation of said single phase motor.

2 The combination in a heat-transform ing system, of anhermetically scaled motorpump unit, a condenser, an evaporator, and t means for passing a cooling fluid into thermal contact with said unit, said last-mentioned means being driven by a phase converter having input terminals for receiving single-phase alternating current and having output terminals for delivering polyphase energy, and the motor-pump unit being a polyphase motorand deriving polyphase energy-from said phase converterc 25. A refrigerating apparatus comprising a compressing device for compressing 'a refrigerant, a polyphase motor for operating said compressing device, a condensing'device for receiving compressed refrigerant from.

said compressing device, and means for pass- I ing a cooling fluid into thermal contact with at least one of said devices, said means being operated by a phase converter having input terminals for receivin single-phase alternating current and havlng output terminals for delivering polyphase energy to said polyphase motor.

26. A compressing device for compressing a refrigerant, a polyphase motor for driving said compressing device, a device in the form of means forming a substantially fluid-tight casing for enclosing said compressing device and said motor, a condensing device for receivlng compressed refrigerant from said compressing device, means for passing a cooling fluid into thermal contact with at least one of said devices, and a phase converter for driving said last-mentioned means and having input terminals for receiving single-phase alternating current and having output terminals for delivering polyphase energy to said polyphase motor.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification this 24th day of February, 1925.

ALAN VARLEY LIVINGSTON;

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